ITU-R REPORT RS 2194-2010 Passive bands of scientific interest to EESS SRS from 275 to 3 000 GHz《对275-3000 GHz频段内对卫星地球探测业务(EESS) 信道探测参考信号(SRS)具有科学价值的无源频段》.pdf
《ITU-R REPORT RS 2194-2010 Passive bands of scientific interest to EESS SRS from 275 to 3 000 GHz《对275-3000 GHz频段内对卫星地球探测业务(EESS) 信道探测参考信号(SRS)具有科学价值的无源频段》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ITU-R REPORT RS 2194-2010 Passive bands of scientific interest to EESS SRS from 275 to 3 000 GHz《对275-3000 GHz频段内对卫星地球探测业务(EESS) 信道探测参考信号(SRS)具有科学价值的无源频段》.pdf(21页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、 Report ITU-R RS.2194(10/2010)Passive bands of scientific interestto EESS/SRS from 275 to 3 000 GHzRS SeriesRemote sensing systemsii Rep. ITU-R RS.2194 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectru
2、m by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Co
3、nferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statement
4、s and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Reports (Also available onl
5、ine at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services
6、 P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management Note: This ITU-R Report was approved in English by the
7、Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2010 ITU 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rep. ITU-R RS.2194 1 REPORT ITU-R RS.2194 Passive bands of scie
8、ntific interest to EESS/SRS from 275 to 3 000 GHz (2010) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction 2 2 Primary EESS measurement classes 2 2.1 Meteorology/climatology . 2 2.2 Atmospheric chemistry . 4 2.3 Specificities of the 1 000 to 3 000 GHz range 6 2.4 Ground-based and balloon-based sensors . 7 3 Com
9、patibility with active service systems . 7 3.1 Atmospheric absorption 8 3.2 Sharing in the 1 000-3 000 GHz Region 10 3.4 Conclusion 14 4 Consolidated tables . 14 5 Summary . 14 Annex 1 Passive bands of scientific interest for EESS between 275 and 1 000 GHz 15 Annex 2 Passive bands of scientific inte
10、rest for terrestrial sensors between 275 and 3 000 GHz . 19 2 Rep. ITU-R RS.2194 1 Introduction This Report provides relevant passive bands of interest to Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) (EESS(passive) and space research service (passive) (SRS (passive) in the 275-3 000 GHz frequency r
11、ange and the corresponding scientific rationale. It also provides information on EESS (passive) systems that are currently operating or planned to operate in the 275 to 3 000 GHz frequency range. Information on current and planned spaceborne passive remote sensing systems was reviewed for applicable
12、 information. Scientific literature and personnel were surveyed and consulted to determine currently known frequency bands of interest. In addition, studies were conducted to examine possible interference to the Earth observing passive sensors from stations that may operate in the active services, b
13、oth terrestrial and space-based, in the 1 000-3 000 GHz band. 2 Primary EESS measurement classes There are two primary EESS measurement “classes”, namely meteorology/climatology and atmospheric chemistry. The meteorology/climatology measurements mainly focus around the water vapour and oxygen resona
14、nce lines and the associated windows to retrieve necessary physical parameters, such as humidity, pressure, cloud ice and temperature (there is a direct correlation between the temperature and the sub-millimetre emissions from oxygen). The atmospheric chemistry sensing measures the many smaller spec
15、tral lines of the various atmospheric chemical species. An important difference between the two classes is in the geometry of the measurement. Most meteorology/climatology measurements are performed using vertical nadir sounders at lower frequencies (typically below 600 GHz) and limb sounders at hig
16、her frequencies whereas atmospheric chemistry measurements are mostly performed using limb sounding across the whole frequency range. In some cases, apparent redundant coverage (a single molecule is observed in several different bands) is needed for several reasons, such as different bands being sen
17、sitive to different altitudes. 2.1 Meteorology/climatology Figure 1 shows the sensitivity of millimetre and sub-millimetre frequencies to atmospheric temperature and water vapour variations between 2 and 1 000 GHz. The water vapour and oxygen resonance spectral lines are indicated in the figure as w
18、ell. The figure shows the increasing atmospheric attenuation at higher frequencies and the sizable variability of the attenuation due to water vapour. For this reason the low frequencies (below 200 GHz) are the most suitable for vertical nadir measurements of the lower layers of the atmosphere, whil
19、e the higher frequencies are better suited for the higher layers of the atmosphere. Above 600 GHz the oxygen lines are only visible over regions with very dry atmosphere. Measurements at these frequencies are therefore typically from limb sounders and, in any case, exclusively for the top atmospheri
20、c layers. Rep. ITU-R RS.2194 3 FIGURE 1 The sensitivity of millimetre and sub-millimetre frequencies to atmospheric temperature and water vapour variations1Among these bands, it has to be stressed that ranges around the water vapour resonance at 325 and 380 GHz and the oxygen at 424 and 487 GHz are
21、unique in their opacity and high enough in frequency to permit practical antennae to be used at geosynchronous altitudes, yet low enough for technology to provide practical, sensitive instrumentation. Use of the 380 GHz water vapour band helps avoid false alarms over super-dry air masses. Adding cha
22、nnels in the 380 GHz band to operational polar-orbiting satellites allows the retrieval of precipitation over snow-covered mountains and plains and in the driest polar areas where even the most opaque 183 GHz channels become transparent. The only remedy for transparency is a more opaque water vapour
23、 band and 380 GHz seems to be a uniquely good choice. Among oxygen lines, one can also note that the resonance line at 368 GHz is not considered since it is masked by the nearby 380 GHz water vapour resonance line. Cloud ice and water vapour are two components of the hydrological cycle in the upper
24、troposphere, and both are currently poorly measured. The hydrological cycle is the most important subsystem of the climate system for life on the planet and its understanding is of the utmost importance. The use of passive sub millimetre-wave measurements to retrieve cloud ice water content and ice
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