IMO 360E-2001 IMO Compendium on Facilitation and Electronic Business.pdf
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1、 IMO COMPENDIUM ON FACILITATION AND ELECTRONIC BUSINESS FAL.S/Circ. I5 (I 9 February 2001) International Maritime Organization London, 2001 Published in 2001 by the INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR Printed in the United Kingdom by Intype London Ltd 2 4 6 8 10 9
2、 7 5 3 1 ISBN 92-801 -5 1 12-6 I IMOPUBLICATION 1 Sales number: IMO-360E Copyright O IMO 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may, for sales purposes, be produced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mech
3、anical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the International Maritime Organization. Foreword The IMO Compendium on Facilitation and Electronic Business was approved by the International Maritime Organizations Facilitation Com- mittee at its 28th session (30 October t
4、o 3 November 2000) and was then circulated to IMOS Member States as FALS/Circ. 15 (19 February 2001). . 111 Contents 1 Information flows 2 Documentary requirements 3 Electronic business 4 Electronic data-interchange techniques and the FAL Convention Recommendation on FAL forms in electronic format G
5、eneral FAL Form 1 - General Declaration . FAL Form 2 - Cargo Declaration FAL Form 3 - Ships Stores Declaration . FAL Form 4 - Crews Effects Declaration FAL Form 5 - Crew List . FAL Form 6 - Passenger List FAL Form 6 - Dangerous Goods Manifest . 1 3 4 7 9 10 17 23 29 31 34 37 Annex 1 . Definitions .
6、47 V IMO Compendium on Facilitation and Electronic Business 1 Information flows 1.1 Formalities, procedures and paperwork in international trade and transport are generated by the need for both governments and the maritime industry to monitor and control the movement of goods and the transfer of ser
7、vices and by the necessity of safeguarding every party?s legitimate interests. Closely related to this are the diverse requirements for information concerning cargo and goods by all involved parties in the value chain. Over the years, facilitation efforts conducted by IMO and international or nation
8、al bodies in various countries or sectors have introduced improvements in the information flows, by analysing the processes, simplifjmg the requirements, harmonizing procedures and documentation, standardizing practices and introducing agreed codes for the representation of information elements. How
9、ever, quite a number of countries still maintain requirements which run contrary to these facilitation efforts, because of historical precedents, commercial inertia, difficulty in adjusting the methods of their control bodies or ignorance of solutions that have been developed elsewhere. 1.2 The proc
10、esses and systems developed to link ships, carriers, port authorities, customs, terminals, consignees and other parties in the chain are constantly being adapted to meet the changmg needs. This is in particular associated with the speed of modem transport, the use of containers and modem equipment b
11、ut also to take advantage of the possibilities that information and communication technology offer to im- prove information processing and transmission. 1.3 Today information flows are at a point midway between signed and authorized paper documents, still often painfully filled in by hand, and the c
12、omputerized handling of information. Most documents produced by computers are still sent manually to the other involved party (and often re- entered manually into another computer). But the world of Internet, e-mail or automatic data transmission where data is sent from computer to computer with min
13、imal human intervention is rapidly developing. 1.4 The timely arrival of information is a vital component in intema- tional transport. However, it still happens too frequently that the goods arrive at the destination before the necessary essential information is available to enable the respective op
14、erators to perform their function. Delays in information production and transfer can be reduced if agreement is reached to make the maximum use of modem information and 1 IMO Compendium on Facilitation and Electronic Business communication technology - e.g., the use of computers to prepare the requi
15、red documents, sending copies over the Internet, by e-mail or through electronic data interchange (EDI) - and whenever this is deemed impossible the use of fax and standard aligned documents can provide a solution for simplifying and expediting document handling. However, more needs to be done to fa
16、cilitate the information flows e., how the data are collected, transferred and dealt with). While part of the answer may lie in the simplification of the official and commercial procedures themselves, there should in addition be some systematic way of handling information relevant to the technology
17、available. The advent of electronic trade tools like Internet and the worldwide web and the availability of cheap and reliable computers even in the least advanced countries do offer huge opportunities. 1.5 The problems created by maritime transport documents and procedures fall into two categories:
18、 the supply of data and the complexity of some of the procedures. 1.6 As stated above, goods often arrive before the information which should precede them and which is essential if they are to be dealt with expeditiously. Some companies take expensive solutions (e.g., the use of courier services) to
19、 avoid delays due to missing documents at critical points in the total transport chain. Due to the complexity of some of the procedures, efficiency is lost if steps are not taken to minimize the amount of information required - for instance for cargo in transit. More generally, procedural requiremen
20、ts should be re- examined, manual systems tidied up and processes redefined before information technology can be safely, systematically and economically applied. 1.7 In theory, there should be nothing inherently too complicated in the systems and procedures for the information to be exchanged in a s
21、imple and coherent manner. But apart fiom the official requirements caused by the protection of national interests, difficulties arise in part from the sheer scale of the operations and in part from the vast number of people, interests, nations and languages involved. What may appear as a facilitati
22、on solution in one part of the world can, and often does, create difficulties in another. To take an example, quarantine measures and the information needed for this purpose are for obvious reasons entirely different in Australia than they are in Europe or in the USA. 1.8 Carriers and other parties
23、involved in the transport chain want to be able to receive and deliver the goods on behalf of their customers with the minimum of complication. They also seek to fulfil this function in ways and under conditions conforming as closely as possible to their own require- ments for the effective operatio
24、n of their transport and cargo handling/ equipment resources. 2 IMO Compendium on Facilitation and Electronic Business 1.9 The banks want to finance and facilitate payment for their customers transactions, taking prudent precautions against loss or mis- understanding. In this the need for the prompt
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