IESNA LM-50-2013 Guide for Photometric Measurement of Roadway Lighting Installations.pdf

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1、IES LM-50-13Approved Method: Photometric Measurementof Roadway andStreet Lighting InstallationsIES LM-50-13IES Approved Method for Photometric Measurementof Roadway and Street Lighting InstallationsPublication of this report has been approved by IES.Suggestions for revisions should be directed to IE

2、S. Prepared by:The Subcommittee on Photometry for Outdoor Luminairesof the IES Testing Procedures Committee.IES LM-50-13Copyright 2013 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.Approved by the IES Board of Directors, August 27, 2013, as a Transaction of the Illuminating Engineering So

3、ciety of North America.All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in any electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the IES.Published by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 120 Wall Street, New York, New York 1

4、0005.IES Standards and Guides are developed through committee consensus and produced by the IES Office in New York. Careful attention is given to style and accuracy. If any errors are noted in this document, please forward them to Rita Harrold, Director of Technology, at the above address for verifi

5、cation and correction. The IES welcomes and urges feedback and comments. ISBN #978-0-87995-286-0Printed in the United States of AmericaDISCLAIMERIES publications are developed through the consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brin

6、gs together volunteers represent-ing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on lighting recommendations. While the IES administers the process and establishes policies and procedures to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accurac

7、y or completeness of any information published herein. The IES disclaims liability for any injury to persons or property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compen-satory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on

8、 this document.In issuing and making this document available, the IES is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the IES undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should r

9、ely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.The IES has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. Nor do

10、es the IES list, certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certification or statement of compliance with the require-ments of this document shall not be attributable to the IES and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the

11、 statement.IES LM-50-13Prepared by the Subcommittee on Photometry for Outdoor Luminaires of the IES Testing Procedures Committee.IES Testing Procedures SubcommitteeG. Steinberg, Sub-ChairIES Testing Procedures CommitteeC. Cameron Miller, ChairB. Kuebler, Vice ChairD. Ellis, SecretaryC. AndersenD. Ch

12、an*C. Galberth*M. GratherR. HeinischR. HoranB. Hou*D. Husby*H. Kashani*T. Kawabata*R. KelleyT. Koo*L. Leetzow*J. Leland*C. Miller*E. Morel*D. Nava*W. NewlandM. Piscitelli*J. Schutz*R. Speck*L. Stafford*T. Uchida*M. Vachon*.* Advisory* Honorary Member* Committee LiaisonC. AndersenL. Ayers*A.Baker*R.

13、BergerR. Bergin*R. BergmanJ. Blacker*E. BretschneiderK. Broughton*D. Chan*P. ChouR. Collins*K. Curry*R. Daubach*L. Davis*J. Demirjian*P. Franck*M. GratherY. Guan*K. Haraguchi*R. Heinisch*K. Hemmi*T. Hernandez*R. HoranJ. HospodarskyS. Hua*J. HulettP. HungD. Husby*A. JacksonD. Jenkins*J. JiaoD. Karamb

14、elas*H. Kashani*T. Kawabata*R. Kelley*T. Koo*M. KotrebaiJ. Lawton*J. Lee*L. Leetzow*J. Leland*K. Lerbs*R. Levin*I.Lewin*R. Li*M. Lin*R. Low*M. Lu*J. MarellaP. McCarthyG. McKeeF. Morin*D. Nava*W. NewlandY. Ohno*D. Park*N. Peimanovic*G. Plank*E. RadkovD. Randolph*C. Richards*E. RichmanK. Rong*M. Sapco

15、eJ. SchutzA.Serres*A. SmithD. Smith*J. Son*R. Speck*L. Stafford*G. SteinbergR. TuttleT. Uchida*K. Wagner*J. Walker*H. Waugh*J. Welch*K. Wilcox*B. Willcock*V. Wu*J. Yo nJ. Zhang*IES LM-50-13IES LM-50-13ContentsForeword.1Introduction 11.0 Scope .12.0 Normative References13.0 Definitions .13.1 Electric

16、al Measurement 13.2 Photometric Measurement13.3 Civil Twilight .14.0 Physical Conditions .14.1 General14.2 New Installations .24.3 Old Installations 24.4 Extraneous Light .24.5 Field Conditions 24.5.1 Mounting Height .24.5.2 Aiming and Tilt.25.0 Electrical and Instrument Conditions .25.1 General25.2

17、 Instrumentation.35.2.1 Electrical Instrumentation 45.2.2 Photometric Instrumentation 45.2.2.1 Illuminance Instrumentation .45.2.2.2 Luminance Instrumentation46.0 Measurement Procedure Conditions46.1 Light Source Stabilization 46.2 Seasoning .46.3 Measurement Locations46.4 Performing Illuminance Mea

18、surements .46.5 Performing Luminance Measurements56.5.1 Measurement Procedure.56.5.2 Meter Position .67.0 Measurement Report.6References .7Annex A .7IES LM-50-131IES LM-50-13FOREWORDThis guide is a revised version of IESNA LM-50-1999, Guide for Photometric Measurement of Roadway Lighting Installatio

19、ns. The guide has been updated to complement the requirements of ANSI/IESNA RP-8-00/R2005, American National Standard Practice for Roadway Lighting. Included in this guide are specific luminance and illuminance measurement methods. INTRODUCTIONThe primary purpose of roadway and street lighting is to

20、 allow for accurate and comfortable visibility at night in order to alert pedestrians and motorists of possible hazards in sufficient amount of time to allow appropriate action. The resulting quanti-ties and quality of lighting are often predicted with a number of photometric software packages. To v

21、alidate and verify such predictions as well as for measuring existing installations, methods of field measurement are necessary to provide unifor-mity and consistency in the measurement process among users.1.0 SCOPEThis guide provides a uniform method for determin-ing, measuring and reporting the il

22、luminance and luminance characteristics of roadway and street lighting installations. The measurements of those factors, necessary in determining the performance of roadway and street lighting installations, are specifically related to ANSI/IES RP-8-00/R2005 Roadway Lighting. The spectral weighting

23、function for the measurement of illuminance and luminance values shall be based upon the photopic luminous efficiency function.1,22.0 NORMATIVE REFERENCESANSI / IES RP-16-10, Nomenclature and Definitions for Illuminating Engineering, New York: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 2010.

24、ANSI / IESNA RP-8-00 (R2005), American National Standard Practice for Roadway and Street Lighting, New York: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 2000.IESNA LM-54-99, Guide to Lamp Seasoning, New York: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 1999.3.0 DEFINITIONS3.1 Measureme

25、nt UnitsUnits of electrical measurement are the volt, the ampere and the watt.3.2 Photometric UnitsUnits of photometric measurement are the lux (foot-candle) for illuminance and candela/m2(cd/ft2) for luminance.3.3 Civil twilight Civil twilight is defined to occur before sunrise and after sunset whe

26、n the center of the Sun is geometri-cally 6 degrees below the horizon. For duration of civil twilight refer to Tables of Sunrise, Sunset and Twilight published by the U.S. Naval Observatory, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.4.0 PHYSICAL CONDITIONS4.1 GeneralThe results of field photo

27、metry are subject to greater variability than laboratory measurements because of the varying and uncontrolled conditions encoun-tered. For this reason it is important to record at the time of the measurement, all of the existing condi-tions, which might affect the results. These include: Supply volt

28、age Lamp wattage Lamp burning position Ballast/lamp factors Atmospheric condition (e.g., temperature, haze) Mounting height Overhang Tilt (per Photometric position per IES LM-73-04/R09 IES Guide for Photometric Testing of Entertainment Lighting Luminaires Using Incandescent Filament Lamps or High In

29、tensity Discharge Lamps) Pavement type (e.g., concrete, asphalt, new, old)Additional variables and considerations should be reviewed to understand, account for, and to pos-sibly correct any differences between calculated 2IES LM-50-13and measured illuminance and luminance values.3Although the refere

30、nced material is targeted towards high intensity discharge luminaires, many of the con-ditions can be related to other technologies.4.2 New InstallationsIt should be ascertained that luminaires are clean and that the lamps are new and seasoned in accor-dance with IES LM-54-2012 IES Guide to Lamp Sea

31、soning.4.3 Old InstallationsIf the measurement is made for the purpose of checking the performance of the installation after depreciation in service, the condition of the lamps and luminaires should be recorded. If system improvement is to be evaluated because of cleaning and maintenance, measuremen

32、ts should be made both before and after cleaning, with existing lamps. If the installation is being cleaned and re-lamped, then the readings should be made after all cleaning has occurred and the new lamps are installed.4.4 Extraneous LightMeasurements should be made when the atmo-sphere is clear an

33、d when extraneous light is at a minimum. Measurements should commence after civil twilight, with a new moon or before the moon rises (otherwise record the moon cycle and rise/set times). Note that extraneous light reflected from an overcast sky, produced by retail establishments, service stations, s

34、ign or other lights in the vicinity can affect the results of roadway lighting measure-ments. Measurements should not be made when snow is on the ground because the reflections could introduce appreciable errors. Luminance measure-ments should not be made when the roadway is wet because of specular

35、reflections from the wet surface.Care should be taken that the operator or other per-sonnel involved in the measurement proceedings do not cast shadows on, or block light from, the measur-ing instrument detector and, thus, exclude some of the light from the equipment used. Equal care should be taken

36、 that the readings are not supplemented on the detector by reflected light from white or light colored clothing. The avoidance of shadows and exclusion of extraneous light requires alertness on the part of the measurement personnel. Notation should be made of the state of foliage and locations of tr

37、ee canopies.4.5 Field Conditions34.5.1 Mounting Height Illuminance at a point var-ies directly with the luminous intensity of the source, the cosine of the angle of incidence, and inversely as the square of the distance between the source and the point of measurement:E = (I*cos)/d2); where, Equation

38、 (1)E = Illuminance lux (foot-candles);I = luminous intensity candela; = angle of incidence (the angle between normal to the surface and the direction of the incident light); and,d = distance between the source and the point of measurement meters (feet).The use of pole heights instead of actual lumi

39、-naire mounting heights can introduce errors. Actual mounting heights of the luminous opening should be measured when the illuminance or luminance is recorded so as to report the actual field conditions.4.5.2 Aiming and Tilt Field conditions and the actual spatial and angular position of the lumi-na

40、ires might not be as exact as in the application design; therefore, location and position of units where field measurements are being made should be verified.5.0 ELECTRICAL AND INSTRUMENT CONDITIONS5.1 GeneralBecause electrical circuit operating conditions influ-ence lamp luminous flux, it is necess

41、ary to know these system conditions at the luminaires when the photometric measurements are conducted. Measurements of current, voltage, and wattage should be made at individual lamp sockets if pos-sible to determine if the lamps are operating in accordance with rated circuit conditions. For newer t

42、echnologies including but not limited to induction and LED sources, measurements of incoming cur-rent, voltage and wattage to the luminaire should be made to determine if the electronic power sources / power supplies are operating in accordance with rated circuit conditions. Periodic measurements of

43、 the line voltage to the ballast or power source / power supply will generally suffice for monitoring purposes after the initial operating conditions are established.SAFETY CAUTION: Only someone experienced in using measurement instruments under high voltage 3IES LM-50-13conditions shall make measur

44、ements of electrical characteristics at the lamp or at the luminaire. The high voltages present, and the very high-voltage starting pulses for HPS and MH lamps (up to 4000 V), present a serious shock hazard. Proper precau-tions should also be taken to protect instruments from the high-voltage starti

45、ng pulses.5.2 InstrumentationAll instruments should have good repeatability of indication, recent calibration and digital readouts. In general, it is recommended that meters be calibrated within an acceptable uncertainty on an annual basis unless their calibration stability is demonstrated to be bet

46、ter than a year. Note: Uncertainty here refers to the relative expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor (normally k=2) which corresponds to a cover-age probability of approximately 95%, as prescribed in References 5 and 6.Instruments can be auto-ranging or manual range selective. Measurements on

47、instruments where the range is manually selected should be limited to the upper part of the range for greatest accuracy. Air temperature can affect the instrumentation and the measurements. If deemed significant, correction factors should be determined according to the instru-ment manufacturers reco

48、mmendation and applied to the reported measurement.Instruments with self-luminous readouts are preferred. Analog instruments and LCDs may be difficult to read under low illuminances. If analog devices or LCDs are used, they should have lighted displays or reading hold buttons. Fresh batteries are re

49、commended.For further information, see IES LM-28-12 Approved Method: IES Guide for the Selection, Care, and Use of Electrical Instruments in the Photometric Laboratory.45.2.1 Electrical Instrumentation Preferably, recording voltmeters should be used to monitor luminaire supply voltage. If voltage fluctuations are extreme, photometric readings should be synchro-nized with the nominal supply voltage.The calibration uncertainties of the instruments for the measurement of AC voltage and current should be 0.5 percent and 1.0 percent for power. Electrical meters should