FAA 14 CFR PART 25-2011 Airworthiness standards transport category airplanes《适航性标准 运输类飞机》.pdf

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1、359 Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 25 TABLE I.HIRF ENVIRONMENT I Frequency Field strength (volts/meter) Peak Average 10 kHz2 MHz . 50 50 2 MHz30 MHz . 100 100 30 MHz100 MHz . 50 50 100 MHz400 MHz . 100 100 400 MHz700 MHz . 700 50 700 MHz1 GHz 700 100 GHz2 GHz . 2,000 200 2 GHz6 GHz 3,000 2

2、00 6 GHz8 GHz 1,000 200 8 GHz12 GHz 3,000 300 12 GHz18 GHz 2,000 200 18 GHz40 GHz 600 200 In this table, the higher field strength applies at the fre-quency band edges. (b) HIRF environment II is specified in the following table: TABLE II.HIRF ENVIRONMENT II Frequency Field strength (volts/meter) Pe

3、ak Average 10 kHz500 kHz 20 20 500 kHz2 MHz . 30 30 2 MHz30 MHz . 100 100 30 MHz100 MHz . 10 10 100 MHz200 MHz . 30 10 200 MHz400 MHz . 10 10 400 MHz1 GHz 700 40 1 GHz2 GHz 1,300 160 2 GHz4 GHz 3,000 120 4 GHz6 GHz 3,000 160 6 GHz8 GHz 400 170 8 GHz12 GHz 1,230 230 12 GHz18 GHz 730 190 18 GHz40 GHz

4、600 150 In this table, the higher field strength applies at the fre-quency band edges. (c) Equipment HIRF Test Level 1. (1) From 10 kilohertz (kHz) to 400 megahertz (MHz), use conducted susceptibility tests with contin-uous wave (CW) and 1 kHz square wave mod-ulation with 90 percent depth or greater

5、. The conducted susceptibility current must start at a minimum of 0.6 milliamperes (mA) at 10 kHz, increasing 20 decibels (dB) per fre-quency decade to a minimum of 30 mA at 500 kHz. (2) From 500 kHz to 40 MHz, the conducted susceptibility current must be at least 30 mA. (3) From 40 MHz to 400 MHz,

6、use conducted susceptibility tests, starting at a minimum of 30 mA at 40 MHz, decreasing 20 dB per fre-quency decade to a minimum of 3 mA at 400 MHz. (4) From 100 MHz to 400 MHz, use radiated susceptibility tests at a minimum of 20 volts per meter (V/m) peak with CW and 1 kHz square wave modulation

7、with 90 percent depth or greater. (5) From 400 MHz to 8 gigahertz (GHz), use radiated susceptibility tests at a minimum of 150 V/m peak with pulse modulation of 4 percent duty cycle with a 1 kHz pulse repeti-tion frequency. This signal must be switched on and off at a rate of 1 Hz with a duty cycle

8、of 50 percent. (d) Equipment HIRF Test Level 2. Equipment HIRF test level 2 is HIRF environment II in table II of this appendix reduced by accept-able aircraft transfer function and attenu-ation curves. Testing must cover the fre-quency band of 10 kHz to 8 GHz. (e) Equipment HIRF Test Level 3. (1) F

9、rom 10 kHz to 400 MHz, use conducted susceptibility tests, starting at a minimum of 0.15 mA at 10 kHz, increasing 20 dB per frequency decade to a minimum of 7.5 mA at 500 kHz. (2) From 500 kHz to 40 MHz, use conducted susceptibility tests at a minimum of 7.5 mA. (3) From 40 MHz to 400 MHz, use condu

10、cted susceptibility tests, starting at a minimum of 7.5 mA at 40 MHz, decreasing 20 dB per fre-quency decade to a minimum of 0.75 mA at 400 MHz. (4) From 100 MHz to 8 GHz, use radiated susceptibility tests at a minimum of 5 V/m. Doc. No. FAA200623657, 72 FR 44025, Aug. 6, 2007 PART 25AIRWORTHINESS S

11、TAND-ARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION NO. 13 SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION NO. 109 Subpart AGeneral Sec. 25.1 Applicability. 25.2 Special retroactive requirements. 25.3 Special provisions for ETOPS type de-sign approvals. 25.5 Incorporations by reference.

12、Subpart BFlight GENERAL 25.21 Proof of compliance. 25.23 Load distribution limits. 25.25 Weight limits. 25.27 Center of gravity limits. 25.29 Empty weight and corresponding cen-ter of gravity. 25.31 Removable ballast. 25.33 Propeller speed and pitch limits. PERFORMANCE 25.101 General. 25.103 Stall s

13、peed. 25.105 Takeoff. 25.107 Takeoff speeds. VerDate Mar2010 14:10 Mar 01, 2011 Jkt 223043 PO 00000 Frm 00369 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML223043.XXX 223043wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFRProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-360 14 CFR Ch. I

14、 (1111 Edition) Pt. 25 25.109 Accelerate-stop distance. 25.111 Takeoff path. 25.113 Takeoff distance and takeoff run. 25.115 Takeoff flight path. 25.117 Climb: general. 25.119 Landing climb: All-engines-operating. 25.121 Climb: One-engine-inoperative. 25.123 En route flight paths. 25.125 Landing. CO

15、NTROLLABILITY AND MANEUVERABILITY 25.143 General. 25.145 Longitudinal control. 25.147 Directional and lateral control. 25.149 Minimum control speed. TRIM 25.161 Trim. STABILITY 25.171 General. 25.173 Static longitudinal stability. 25.175 Demonstration of static longitudinal stability. 25.177 Static

16、lateral-directional stability. 25.181 Dynamic stability. STALLS 25.201 Stall demonstration. 25.203 Stall characteristics. 25.207 Stall warning. GROUND AND WATER HANDLING CHARACTERISTICS 25.231 Longitudinal stability and control. 25.233 Directional stability and control. 25.235 Taxiing condition. 25.

17、237 Wind velocities. 25.239 Spray characteristics, control, and stability on water. MISCELLANEOUS FLIGHT REQUIREMENTS 25.251 Vibration and buffeting. 25.253 High-speed characteristics. 25.255 Out-of-trim characteristics. Subpart CStructure GENERAL 25.301 Loads. 25.303 Factor of safety. 25.305 Streng

18、th and deformation. 25.307 Proof of structure. FLIGHT LOADS 25.321 General. FLIGHT MANEUVER AND GUST CONDITIONS 25.331 Symmetric maneuvering conditions. 25.333 Flight maneuvering envelope. 25.335 Design airspeeds. 25.337 Limit maneuvering load factors. 25.341 Gust and turbulence loads. 25.343 Design

19、 fuel and oil loads. 25.345 High lift devices. 25.349 Rolling conditions. 25.351 Yaw maneuver conditions. SUPPLEMENTARY CONDITIONS 25.361 Engine torque. 25.363 Side load on engine and auxiliary power unit mounts. 25.365 Pressurized compartment loads. 25.367 Unsymmetrical loads due to engine failure.

20、 25.371 Gyroscopic loads. 25.373 Speed control devices. CONTROL SURFACE AND SYSTEM LOADS 25.391 Control surface loads: General. 25.393 Loads parallel to hinge line. 25.395 Control system. 25.397 Control system loads. 25.399 Dual control system. 25.405 Secondary control system. 25.407 Trim tab effect

21、s. 25.409 Tabs. 25.415 Ground gust conditions. 25.427 Unsymmetrical loads. 25.445 Auxilliary aerodynamic surfaces. 25.457 Wing flaps. 25.459 Special devices. GROUND LOADS 25.471 General. 25.473 Landing load conditions and assump-tions. 25.477 Landing gear arrangement. 25.479 Level landing conditions

22、. 25.481 Tail-down landing conditions. 25.483 One-gear landing conditions. 25.485 Side load conditions. 25.487 Rebound landing condition. 25.489 Ground handling conditions. 25.491 Taxi, takeoff and landing roll. 25.493 Braked roll conditions. 25.495 Turning. 25.497 Tail-wheel yawing. 25.499 Nose-whe

23、el yaw and steering. 25.503 Pivoting. 25.507 Reversed braking. 25.509 Towing loads. 25.511 Ground load: unsymmetrical loads on multiple-wheel units. 25.519 Jacking and tie-down provisions. WATER LOADS 25.521 General. 25.523 Design weights and center of gravity positions. 25.525 Application of loads.

24、 25.527 Hull and main float load factors. 25.529 Hull and main float landing condi-tions. 25.531 Hull and main float takeoff condi-tion. 25.533 Hull and main float bottom pressures. 25.535 Auxiliary float loads. 25.537 Seawing loads. VerDate Mar2010 14:10 Mar 01, 2011 Jkt 223043 PO 00000 Frm 00370 F

25、mt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML223043.XXX 223043wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFRProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-361 Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 25 EMERGENCY LANDING CONDITIONS 25.561 General. 25.562 Emergency landing dynamic c

26、ondi-tions. 25.563 Structural ditching provisions. FATIGUE EVALUATION 25.571 Damagetolerance and fatigue eval-uation of structure. LIGHTNING PROTECTION 25.581 Lightning protection. Subpart DDesign and Construction GENERAL 25.601 General. 25.603 Materials. 25.605 Fabrication methods. 25.607 Fasteners

27、. 25.609 Protection of structure. 25.611 Accessibility provisions. 25.613 Material strength properties and ma-terial design values. 25.619 Special factors. 25.621 Casting factors. 25.623 Bearing factors. 25.625 Fitting factors. 25.629 Aeroelastic stability requirements. 25.631 Bird strike damage. CO

28、NTROL SURFACES 25.651 Proof of strength. 25.655 Installation. 25.657 Hinges. CONTROL SYSTEMS 25.671 General. 25.672 Stability augmentation and auto-matic and power-operated systems. 25.675 Stops. 25.677 Trim systems. 25.679 Control system gust locks. 25.681 Limit load static tests. 25.683 Operation

29、tests. 25.685 Control system details. 25.689 Cable systems. 25.693 Joints. 25.697 Lift and drag devices, controls. 25.699 Lift and drag device indicator. 25.701 Flap and slat interconnection. 25.703 Takeoff warning system. LANDING GEAR 25.721 General. 25.723 Shock absorption tests. 25.72525.727 Rese

30、rved 25.729 Retracting mechanism. 25.731 Wheels. 25.733 Tires. 25.735 Brakes and braking systems. 25.737 Skis. FLOATS AND HULLS 25.751 Main float buoyancy. 25.753 Main float design. 25.755 Hulls. PERSONNEL AND CARGO ACCOMMODATIONS 25.771 Pilot compartment. 25.772 Pilot compartment doors. 25.773 Pilo

31、t compartment view. 25.775 Windshields and windows. 25.777 Cockpit controls. 25.779 Motion and effect of cockpit controls. 25.781 Cockpit control knob shape. 25.783 Fuselage doors. 25.785 Seats, berths, safety belts, and har-nesses. 25.787 Stowage compartments. 25.789 Retention of items of mass in p

32、as-senger and crew compartments and gal-leys. 25.791 Passenger information signs and plac-ards. 25.793 Floor surfaces. 25.795 Security considerations. EMERGENCY PROVISIONS 25.801 Ditching. 25.803 Emergency evacuation. 25.807 Emergency exits. 25.809 Emergency exit arrangement. 25.810 Emergency egress

33、 assist means and escape routes. 25.811 Emergency exit marking. 25.812 Emergency lighting. 25.813 Emergency exit access. 25.815 Width of aisle. 25.817 Maximum number of seats abreast. 25.819 Lower deck service compartments (including galleys). 25.820 Lavatory doors. VENTILATION AND HEATING 25.831 Ve

34、ntilation. 25.832 Cabin ozone concentration. 25.833 Combustion heating systems. PRESSURIZATION 25.841 Pressurized cabins. 25.843 Tests for pressurized cabins. FIRE PROTECTION 25.851 Fire extinguishers. 25.853 Compartment interiors. 25.854 Lavatory fire protection. 25.855 Cargo or baggage compartment

35、s. 25.856 Thermal/Acoustic insulation mate-rials. 25.857 Cargo compartment classification. 25.858 Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection systems. 25.859 Combustion heater fire protection. 25.863 Flammable fluid fire protection. 25.865 Fire protection of flight controls, en-gine mounts,

36、 and other flight structure. 25.867 Fire protection: other components. 25.869 Fire protection: systems. VerDate Mar2010 14:10 Mar 01, 2011 Jkt 223043 PO 00000 Frm 00371 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML223043.XXX 223043wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFRProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or network

37、ing permitted without license from IHS-,-,-362 14 CFR Ch. I (1111 Edition) Pt. 25 MISCELLANEOUS 25.871 Leveling means. 25.875 Reinforcement near propellers. 25.899 Electrical bonding and protection against static electricity. Subpart EPowerplant GENERAL 25.901 Installation. 25.903 Engines. 25.904 Au

38、tomatic takeoff thrust control sys-tem (ATTCS). 25.905 Propellers. 25.907 Propeller vibration and fatigue. 25.925 Propeller clearance. 25.929 Propeller deicing. 25.933 Reversing systems. 25.934 Turbojet engine thrust reverser sys-tem tests. 25.937 Turbopropeller-drag limiting sys-tems. 25.939 Turbin

39、e engine operating characteris-tics. 25.941 Inlet, engine, and exhaust compat-ibility. 25.943 Negative acceleration. 25.945 Thrust or power augmentation sys-tem. FUEL SYSTEM 25.951 General. 25.952 Fuel system analysis and test. 25.953 Fuel system independence. 25.954 Fuel system lightning protection

40、. 25.955 Fuel flow. 25.957 Flow between interconnected tanks. 25.959 Unusable fuel supply. 25.961 Fuel system hot weather operation. 25.963 Fuel tanks: general. 25.965 Fuel tank tests. 25.967 Fuel tank installations. 25.969 Fuel tank expansion space. 25.971 Fuel tank sump. 25.973 Fuel tank filler co

41、nnection. 25.975 Fuel tank vents and carburetor vapor vents. 25.977 Fuel tank outlet. 25.979 Pressure fueling system. 25.981 Fuel tank ignition prevention. FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS 25.991 Fuel pumps. 25.993 Fuel system lines and fittings. 25.994 Fuel system components. 25.995 Fuel valves. 25.997 Fuel

42、strainer or filter. 25.999 Fuel system drains. 25.1001 Fuel jettisoning system. OIL SYSTEM 25.1011 General. 25.1013 Oil tanks. 25.1015 Oil tank tests. 25.1017 Oil lines and fittings. 25.1019 Oil strainer or filter. 25.1021 Oil system drains. 25.1023 Oil radiators. 25.1025 Oil valves. 25.1027 Propell

43、er feathering system. COOLING 25.1041 General. 25.1043 Cooling tests. 25.1045 Cooling test procedures. INDUCTION SYSTEM 25.1091 Air induction. 25.1093 Induction system icing protection. 25.1101 Carburetor air preheater design. 25.1103 Induction system ducts and air duct systems. 25.1105 Induction sy

44、stem screens. 25.1107 Inter-coolers and after-coolers. EXHAUST SYSTEM 25.1121 General. 25.1123 Exhaust piping. 25.1125 Exhaust heat exchangers. 25.1127 Exhaust driven turbo-superchargers. POWERPLANT CONTROLS AND ACCESSORIES 25.1141 Powerplant controls: general. 25.1142 Auxiliary power unit controls.

45、 25.1143 Engine controls. 25.1145 Ignition switches. 25.1147 Mixture controls. 25.1149 Propeller speed and pitch controls. 25.1153 Propeller feathering controls. 25.1155 Reverse thrust and propeller pitch settings below the flight regime. 25.1157 Carburetor air temperature controls. 25.1159 Supercha

46、rger controls. 25.1161 Fuel jettisoning system controls. 25.1163 Powerplant accessories. 25.1165 Engine ignition systems. 25.1167 Accessory gearboxes. POWERPLANT FIRE PROTECTION 25.1181 Designated fire zones; regions in-cluded. 25.1182 Nacelle areas behind firewalls, and engine pod attaching structu

47、res con-taining flammable fluid lines. 25.1183 Flammable fluid-carrying compo-nents. 25.1185 Flammable fluids. 25.1187 Drainage and ventilation of fire zones. 25.1189 Shutoff means. 25.1191 Firewalls. 25.1192 Engine accessory section diaphragm. 25.1193 Cowling and nacelle skin. 25.1195 Fire extingui

48、shing systems. 25.1197 Fire extinguishing agents. 25.1199 Extinguishing agent containers. 25.1201 Fire extinguishing system materials. 25.1203 Fire detector system. 25.1207 Compliance. VerDate Mar2010 14:10 Mar 01, 2011 Jkt 223043 PO 00000 Frm 00372 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML223043.XXX 223043wwoods2

49、on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFRProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-363 Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 25 Subpart FEquipment GENERAL 25.1301 Function and installation. 25.1303 Flight and navigation instruments. 25.1305 Powerplant instruments. 25.1307 Miscellaneous equipment. 25.1309 Equipment, systems, and installa-tions. 25.1310 Power source capacity and distr