FAA 14 CFR PART 136-2011 COMMERCIAL AIR TOURS AND NATIONAL PARKS AIR TOUR MANAGEMENT《商业航空观光和国家公园航空观光管理》.pdf

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1、503 Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 136.1 (j) Engine condition monitoring. (1) The certificate holder must establish an engine-condition monitoring program to de-tect deterioration at an early stage and to allow for corrective action before safe oper-ation is affected. (2) This program must des

2、cribe the param-eters to be monitored, the method of data collection, the method of analyzing data, and the process for taking corrective action. (3) The program must ensure that engine limit margins are maintained so that a pro-longed engine-inoperative diversion may be conducted at approved power

3、levels and in all expected environmental conditions with-out exceeding approved engine limits. This includes approved limits for items such as rotor speeds and exhaust gas temperatures. (k) Oil consumption monitoring. The certifi-cate holder must develop an engine oil con-sumption monitoring program

4、 to ensure that there is enough oil to complete each ETOPS flight. APU oil consumption must be in-cluded if an APU is required for ETOPS. The operators consumption limit may not ex-ceed the manufacturers recommendation. Monitoring must be continuous and include oil added at each ETOPS departure poin

5、t. The program must compare the amount of oil added at each ETOPS departure point with the running average consumption to identify sudden increases. (l) APU in-flight start program. If an APU is required for ETOPS, but is not required to run during the ETOPS portion of the flight, the certificate ho

6、lder must have a program acceptable to the FAA for cold soak in-flight start and run reliability. (m) Maintenance training. For each air-plane-engine combination, the certificate holder must develop a maintenance training program to ensure that it provides training adequate to support ETOPS. It must

7、 include ETOPS specific training for all persons in-volved in ETOPS maintenance that focuses on the special nature of ETOPS. This train-ing must be in addition to the operators maintenance training program used to qual-ify individuals for specific airplanes and en-gines. (n) Configuration, maintenan

8、ce, and proce-dures (CMP) document. The certificate holder must use a system to ensure compliance with the minimum requirements set forth in the current version of the CMP document for each airplane-engine combination that has a CMP. (o) Reporting. The certificate holder must report quarterly to the

9、 CHDO and the air-plane and engine manufacturer for each air-plane authorized for ETOPS. The report must provide the operating hours and cycles for each airplane. G135.2.9 Delayed compliance date for all air-planes. A certificate holder need not comply with this appendix for any airplane until Au-gu

10、st 13, 2008. Doc. No. FAA20026717, 72 FR 1885, Jan. 16, 2007, as amended by Amdt. 135108, 72 FR 7348, Feb. 15, 2007; 72 FR 26542, May 10, 2007; Amdt. 135112, 73 FR 8798, Feb. 15, 2008; Amdt. 135115, 73 FR 33882, June 16, 2008 PART 136COMMERCIAL AIR TOURS AND NATIONAL PARKS AIR TOUR MANAGEMENT Subpar

11、t ANational Air Tour Safety Standards Sec. 136.1 Applicability and definitions. 136.3 Letters of Authorization. 136.5 Additional requirements for Hawaii. 136.7 Passenger briefings. 136.9 Life preservers for over water. 136.11 Helicopter floats for over water. 136.13 Helicopter performance plan and o

12、p-erations. 136.15136.29 Reserved Subpart BNational Parks Air Tour Management 136.31 Applicability. 136.33 Definitions. 136.35 Prohibition of commercial air tour operations over the Rocky Mountain Na-tional Park. 136.37 Overflights of national parks and tribal lands. 136.39 Air tour management plans

13、 (ATMP). 136.41 Interim operating authority. 136.43136.49 Reserved Subpart CGrand Canyon National Park 136.51136.69 Reserved APPENDIX A TO PART 136SPECIAL OPERATING RULES FOR AIR TOUR OPERATORS IN THE STATE OF HAWAII AUTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 40119, 44101, 44701, 4470144702, 44705, 4470944

14、711, 44713, 4471644717, 44722, 44901, 4490344904, 44912, 46105. SOURCE: Docket No. FAA20018690, 67 FR 65667, Oct. 25, 2002, unless otherwise noted. Subpart ANational Air Tour Safety Standards SOURCE: Docket No. FAA19984521, 72 FR 6912, Feb. 13, 2007, unless otherwise noted. 136.1 Applicability and d

15、efinitions. (a) This subpart applies to each per-son operating or intending to operate a VerDate Mar2010 08:29 Feb 24, 2011 Jkt 223045 PO 00000 Frm 00513 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML223045.XXX 223045WReier-Aviles on DSKGBLS3C1PROD with CFRProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permi

16、tted without license from IHS-,-,-504 14 CFR Ch. I (1111 Edition) 136.3 commercial air tour in an airplane or helicopter and, when applicable, to all occupants of the airplane or helicopter engaged in a commercial air tour. When any requirement of this subpart is more stringent than any other re-qui

17、rement of this chapter, the person operating the commercial air tour must comply with the requirement in this subpart. (b) As of September 11, 2007, this sub-part is applicable to: (1) Part 121 or 135 operators con-ducting a commercial air tour and holding a part 119 certificate; (2) Part 91 operato

18、rs conducting flights as described in 119.1(e)(2); and (3) Part 91 operators conducting flights as described in 14 CFR 91.146 (c) This subpart is not applicable to operations conducted in balloons, glid-ers (powered or un-powered), para-chutes (powered or un-powered), gyro-planes, or airships. (d) F

19、or the purposes of this subpart the following definitions apply: Commercial Air Tour means a flight conducted for compensation or hire in an airplane or helicopter where a pur-pose of the flight is sightseeing. The FAA may consider the following fac-tors in determining whether a flight is a commerci

20、al air tour for purposes of this subpart: (1) Whether there was a holding out to the public of willingness to conduct a sightseeing flight for compensation or hire; (2) Whether the person offering the flight provided a narrative that re-ferred to areas or points of interest on the surface below the

21、route of the flight; (3) The area of operation; (4) How often the person offering the flight conducts such flights; (5) The route of the flight; (6) The inclusion of sightseeing flights as part of any travel arrange-ment package; (7) Whether the flight in question would have been canceled based on p

22、oor visibility of the surface below the route of the flight; and (8) Any other factors that the FAA considers appropriate. Commercial Air Tour operator means any person who conducts a commercial air tour. Life preserver means a flotation de-vice used by an aircraft occupant if the aircraft ditches i

23、n water. If an inflat-able device, it must be un-inflated and ready for its intended use once in-flated. In evaluating whether a non-in-flatable life preserver is acceptable to the FAA, the operator must dem-onstrate to the FAA that such a pre-server can be used during an evacu-ation and will allow

24、all passengers to exit the aircraft without blocking the exit. Each occupant must have the physical capacity to wear and inflate the type of device used once briefed by the commercial air tour operator. Seat cushions do not meet this definition. Raw terrain means any area on the surface, including w

25、ater, devoid of any person, structure, vehicle, or vessel. Shoreline means that area of the land adjacent to the water of an ocean, sea, lake, pond, river or tidal basin that is above the high water mark and ex-cludes land areas unsuitable for land-ing such as vertical cliffs or land inter-mittently

26、 under water during the par-ticular flight. Suitable landing area for helicopters means an area that provides the oper-ator reasonable capability to land without damage to equipment or injury to persons. Suitable landing areas must be site-specific, designated by the oper-ator, and accepted by the F

27、AA. These site-specific areas would provide an emergency landing area for a single-en-gine helicopter or a multiengine heli-copter that does not have the capa-bility to reach a safe landing area after an engine power loss. (e) In an in-flight emergency requir-ing immediate action, the pilot in com-m

28、and may deviate from any rule of this subpart to the extent required to meet that emergency. 136.3 Letters of Authorization. Operators subject to this subpart who have Letters of Authorization may use the procedures described in 14 CFR 119.51 to amend or have the FAA recon-sider those Letters of Aut

29、horization. 136.5 Additional requirements for Hawaii. No person may conduct a commercial air tour in the State of Hawaii unless VerDate Mar2010 08:29 Feb 24, 2011 Jkt 223045 PO 00000 Frm 00514 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML223045.XXX 223045WReier-Aviles on DSKGBLS3C1PROD with CFRProvided by IHSNot for Re

30、saleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-505 Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 136.13 they comply with the additional re-quirements and restrictions in appen-dix A to part 136. 136.7 Passenger briefings. (a) Before takeoff each pilot in com-mand shall ensure that e

31、ach passenger has been briefed on the following: (1) Procedures for fastening and un-fastening seatbelts; (2) Prohibition on smoking; and (3) Procedures for opening exits and exiting the aircraft. (b) For flight segments over water beyond the shoreline, briefings must also include: (1) Procedures fo

32、r water ditching; (2) Use of required life preservers; and (3) Procedures for emergency exit from the aircraft in the event of a water landing. 136.9 Life preservers for over water. (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) or (c) of this section, the operator and pilot in command of commercial air t

33、ours over water beyond the shore-line must ensure that each occupant is wearing a life preserver from before takeoff until flight is no longer over water. (b) The operator and pilot in com-mand of a commercial air tour over water beyond the shoreline must en-sure that a life preserver is readily ava

34、ilable for its intended use and eas-ily accessible to each occupant if: (1) The aircraft is equipped with floats; or (2)The airplane is within power-off gliding distance to the shoreline for the duration of the time that the flight is over water. (3)The aircraft is a multi engine that can be operate

35、d with the critical en-gine inoperative at a weight that will allow it to climb, at least 50 feet a minute, at an altitude of 1,000 feet above the surface, as provided in the Airplane Flight Manual or the Rotor-craft Flight Manual, as appropriate. (c) No life preserver is required if the overwater o

36、peration is necessary only for takeoff or landing. 136.11 Helicopter floats for over water. (a) A helicopter used in commercial air tours over water beyond the shore-line must be equipped with fixed floats or an inflatable flotation system ade-quate to accomplish a safe emergency ditching, if (1) It

37、 is a single-engine helicopter; or (2) It is a multi-engine helicopter that cannot be operated with the crit-ical engine inoperative at a weight that will allow it to climb, at least 50 feet a minute, at an altitude of 1,000 feet above the surface, as provided in the Rotorcraft Flight Manual (RFM).

38、(b) Each helicopter that is required to be equipped with an inflatable flota-tion system must have: (1) The activation switch for the flo-tation system on one of the primary flight controls, and (2) The flotation system armed when the helicopter is over water and is fly-ing at a speed that does not

39、exceed the maximum speed prescribed in the Rotorcraft Flight Manual for flying with the flotation system armed. (c) Fixed floats or an inflatable flota-tion system is not required for a heli-copter under this section if: (1) The helicopter is over water only during the takeoff or landing portion of

40、the flight, or (2) The helicopter is operated within power-off gliding distance to the shore-line for the duration of the flight and each occupant is wearing a life pre-server from before takeoff until the aircraft is no longer over water. (d) Air tour operators required to comply with paragraphs (a

41、) and/or (b) of this section must meet these re-quirements on or before September 5, 2008. 136.13 Helicopter performance plan and operations. (a) Each operator must complete a performance plan before each heli-copter commercial air tour, or flight operated under 14 CFR 91.146 or 91.147. The pilot in

42、 command must review for accuracy and comply with the perform-ance plan on the day the flight is flown. The performance plan must be based on the information in the Rotor-craft Flight Manual (RFM) for that helicopter, taking into consideration the maximum density altitude for which the operation is

43、planned, in order to determine: VerDate Mar2010 08:29 Feb 24, 2011 Jkt 223045 PO 00000 Frm 00515 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML223045.XXX 223045WReier-Aviles on DSKGBLS3C1PROD with CFRProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-506 14 CFR Ch. I (1111

44、Edition) 136.15136.29 (1) Maximum gross weight and center of gravity (CG) limitations for hov-ering in ground effect; (2) Maximum gross weight and CG limitations for hovering out of ground effect; and (3) Maximum combination of weight, altitude, and temperature for which height/velocity information

45、in the RFM is valid. (b) Except for the approach to and transition from a hover for the purpose of takeoff and landing, or during take-off and landing, the pilot in command must make a reasonable plan to oper-ate the helicopter outside of the cau-tion/warning/avoid area of the limiting height/veloci

46、ty diagram. (c) Except for the approach to and transition from a hover for the purpose of takeoff and landing, during takeoff and landing, or when necessary for safety of flight, the pilot in command must operate the helicopter in compli-ance with the plan described in para-graph (b) of this section

47、. 136.15136.29 Reserved Subpart BNational Parks Air Tour Management SOURCE: Docket. No. FAA19984521, 72 FR 6912, Feb. 13, 2007, unless otherwise noted. 136.31 Applicability. (a) This part restates and para-phrases several sections of the Na-tional Parks Air Tour Management Act of 2000, including sec

48、tion 803 (codified at 49 U.S.C. 40128) and sections 806 and 809. This subpart clarifies the require-ments for the development of an air tour management plan for each park in the national park system where com-mercial air tour operations are flown. (b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this sect

49、ion, this subpart applies to each commercial air tour operator who conducts a commercial air tour operation over (1) A unit of the national park sys-tem; (2) Tribal lands as defined in this sub-part; or (3) Any area within one-half mile outside the boundary of any unit of the national park system. (c) This subpart does not apply to a commercial air tour operator con-ducting a commercial air tour oper-ation (1) Over the Grand Ca