ETSI TR 103 453-2017 Network Technologies (NTECH) Impact of alphanumeric user identifiers on interconnection scenarios (V1 1 1).pdf

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1、 ETSI TR 103 453 V1.1.1 (2017-12) Network Technologies (NTECH); Impact of alphanumeric user identifiers on interconnection scenarios TECHNICAL REPORT ETSI ETSI TR 103 453 V1.1.1 (2017-12) 2 Reference DTR/NTECH-00037 Keywords identification, interconnection ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia

2、Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org/standards-search The prese

3、nt document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any existing or perceived difference in contents between such versio

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6、art may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI. The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI. The copyright and the fore

7、going restriction extend to reproduction in all media. ETSI 2017. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organi

8、zational Partners. oneM2M logo is protected for the benefit of its Members. GSM and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 103 453 V1.1.1 (2017-12) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights 4 Foreword . 4 Modal verbs terminology 4 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5

9、 2 References 5 2.1 Normative references . 5 2.2 Informative references 5 3 Definitions and abbreviations . 5 3.1 Definitions 5 3.2 Abbreviations . 6 4 Background of the present document . 6 5 Actual example . 7 5.1 Categorization of services influencing the telephone number 7 5.2 An example of the

10、Service influencing the telephone number . 7 6 Analysis of the mapping of the Internet domain names to E.164 numbers 8 6.1 Features of numbers influenced by the mapping 8 6.2 Assignment of numbers and validation 9 6.2.1 The Japanese case . 9 6.2.2 Alternative ways . 9 7 Conclusion 10 History 11 ETSI

11、 ETSI TR 103 453 V1.1.1 (2017-12) 4 Intellectual Property Rights Essential patents IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and c

12、an be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (https:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ET

13、SI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Tradema

14、rks The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners. ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention

15、 of those trademarks in the present document does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Network Technologies (NTECH). Modal verbs terminology In

16、the present document “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when u

17、sed in direct citation. Introduction As the technology improves, various kinds of telecommunication services which might change the way of using telephone numbers might appear. For example, in Japan call transfer services or call transfer like services are introduced in the telecommunication market.

18、 They are quite different from the traditional “call forwarding service“ or “call transfer services“ in PSTN network. They offer consumers different ways to reach the destination when treating a call by using Internet and VoIP without a direct VoIP interconnection for interworking and service intero

19、perability. Also in these different scenarios the unique significance of public numbering and its geographic characteristics, when present, should be guaranteed. It has to be underlined that in general the integrity of public E.164 numbering should continue to be guaranteed by national and internati

20、onal regulatory measures (such as National Numbering Plans, regional Telecommunications Regulatory Frameworks, Recommendations ITU-T like E.164 i.1). In the environment of Internet and VoIP networks, Internet domain names can be used. In general, scenarios of interworking between PSTN and VoIP/IP ne

21、tworks have been appearing and have been standardized by ETSI/3GPP. In those scenarios mapping between Internet domain names and E.164 numbers are introduced and standardized, using infrastructural and internal ENUM functionalities. ETSI ETSI TR 103 453 V1.1.1 (2017-12) 5 1 Scope The present documen

22、t provides a technical report on interoperability and mapping of Internet domain names to E.164 numbers in order to allow interconnection between networks. The focus of the present of document is on the analysis of the aforementioned mapping rather than on the analysis of the message flows for estab

23、lishing the connectivity itself. 2 References 2.1 Normative references Normative references are not applicable in the present document. 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific

24、references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The fol

25、lowing referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 Recommendation ITU-T E.164 (2010): “The international public telecommunication numbering plan“. i.2 Recommendation ITU-T E.101 (2009): “Def

26、initions of terms used for identifiers (names, numbers, addresses and other identifiers) for public telecommunication services and networks in the E-series Recommendation“. i.3 Recommendation ITU-T I.252.1: “Call offering supplementary services: Call Transfer“. 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 De

27、finitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: E.164 number: A string of decimal digits that satisfies the three characteristics of structure, number length and uniqueness specified in Recommendation ITU-T E.164 i.1. The number contains the information

28、 necessary to route the call to the end user or to a point where a service is provided. NOTE: Source Recommendation ITU-T E.101 i.2. identifier (ID): A series of digits, characters and symbols used to identify uniquely a subscriber, a user, a network element, a function, a network entity, a service

29、or an application. Identifiers can be used for registration or authorization. They can be either public to all networks or private to a specific network (private IDs are normally not disclosed to third parties). NOTE: Source Recommendation ITU-T E.101 i.2. ETSI ETSI TR 103 453 V1.1.1 (2017-12) 6 tel

30、ephone number; phone number; directory number (DN): The number, derived from the E.164 numbering plan, used by the calling party to establish a call to an end user or a service. The number may also be used for presentation services like calling line identification presentation (CLIP) and connected l

31、ine identification presentation (COLP) and may also be published in different directories and/or directory enquiry services. NOTE: Source Recommendation ITU-T E.101 i.2. 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: CLI Calling Line Identifier ENUM E.

32、164 NUmber Mapping GW Gateway ID Identification ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network NW Network PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network SIP Session Initiation Protocol URI Uniform Resource Identifier 4 Background of the present document As the technology improves, different kinds of call transfer

33、 services or call transfer like services are introduced in Japan. Those services may change the way of using telephone numbers. It has to be underlined that in general the integrity of public E.164 numbering should continue to be guaranteed by national and international regulatory measures (such as

34、National Numbering Plans, regional Telecommunications Regulatory Frameworks, Recommendations ITU-T like E.164 i.1). Figure 4.1 describes an example of such a call transfer service in Japan. Between calling party and called party there is “Call Transfer Platform (Gateway)“ which performs “mapping fun

35、ctions“ between E.164 numbers or between Internet domain names and E.164 numbers. Those services may use a combination of formal call set up message flows standardized by ETSI/3GPP including mapping scenarios using infrastructural and internal ENUM functionalities. In that sense if the service is di

36、scussed only from the message flow level there seems to be no problem. But if the service is considered from the point of how E.164 number is assigned and how E.164 number is used, there may be an issue of whether the integrity of public E.164 numbering is maintained. Figure 4.1: Image of call trans

37、fer service and influence on number in Japan ETSI ETSI TR 103 453 V1.1.1 (2017-12) 7 5 Actual example 5.1 Categorization of services influencing the telephone number Figure 5.1 shows the categorization of call transfer services or call transfer like services in Japan which may affect existing identi

38、fication role of number. Category-1 is call forwarding service which is standardized by Recommendation ITU-T I.252.1 i.3 since ISDN era. Concerning Category-2 and Category-3 related International standard defining the service feature may not exist. But many use cases can be seen in Japanese telecom

39、market in association with recent migration from PSTN to IP network or introduction of new of Internet based services. For those three categories, in order to connect originating side and destination side, call related processing including the number processing depending on the service take place be

40、tween originating and destination by the use of the gateway, etc. In figure 4.1 the entity “Gateway“ performs the mapping between E.164 numbers or between Internet domain names and E.164 numbers. To realize those services the possible combination of formal call set up message flows standardized by E

41、TSI/3GPP are used. In that sense if the service is discussed only from the message flow level there seems to be no problem. However the way E.164 number is assigned and validated may raise an issue with regard to the integrity of public E.164 numbering. Figure 5.1: Categorization of transfer service

42、s in Japan influencing the telephone number 5.2 An example of the Service influencing the telephone number Figure 5.2 depicts an example taken from the Japanese telecom market of Category-3 in figure 5.1. This is an example to map the Internet domain names to E.164 numbers. The upper half of figure

43、5.2 represents the case calling party ID(SIP URI) from non-number holding NW is changed to geographic number. The bottom half represents the case called party number (geographic number) from fixed-line phone NW is changed to ID(SIP URI). These changes are done at Gateway (GW) which owns the mapping

44、information of geographic numbers and IDs(SIP URIs) and will influence numbering significance such as geographic identification and so on. Detailed analysis of this kind of mapping of the Internet domain names to E.164 numbers is discussed in clause 6. ETSI ETSI TR 103 453 V1.1.1 (2017-12) 8 Figure

45、5.2: Example of the Service in Japan influencing the telephone number 6 Analysis of the mapping of the Internet domain names to E.164 numbers 6.1 Features of numbers influenced by the mapping Identification features and credibility of calling party number are important features of numbers. However t

46、hey may be influenced by the mapping process implemented in the services as is shown in the example of clause 5. Identification features of numbers: Numbers are expected to serve the following five identification features in Japan: - Service identification (for example fixed-line telephony, mobile t

47、elephony, Internet, etc.). - Geographic identification. - Charge identification. - Speech quality identification (for example fixed-line telephony should have the highest quality in Japan). - Social reliability identification (telephone numbers are generally accepted as a reliable identifier because

48、 it is allocated by operator after strict check on the credibility of applicant). Credibility of calling party number: Credibility of calling party number is ensured mainly at the originating side. For example, the telephone number of the calling party is validated at the originating local switch du

49、ring the connection process by checking whether the number is properly registered in the local subscriber database. However the mapping of calling party number may influence the degree of the credibility of calling party number identification features of numbers. ETSI ETSI TR 103 453 V1.1.1 (2017-12) 9 6.2 Assignment of numbers and validation 6.2.1 The Japanese case Proper assignment of numbers and validation are necessary for maintaining identification features of numbers and credibility of calling party number. Conventionally this has been achieved by