EN ISO 14688-2-2018 en Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of soil Part 2 Principles for a classification.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of soilPart 2: Principles for a classification (ISO 14688-2:2017)BS EN ISO 14688-2:2018National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementa

2、tion of EN ISO 146882:2018. It is identical to ISO 146882:2017. It supersedes BS EN ISO 146882:2004+A1:2013, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/526/3, Site investigation and ground testing.A list of organizations represented on this comm

3、ittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 87599 1ICS 93.020

4、Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 146882:2

5、018EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 146882February 2018ICS 13.080.05; 93.020 Supersedes EN ISO 146882:2004EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCENCENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B1000 Brussels 2018 CEN Ref

6、. No. EN ISO 146882:2018: EAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national MembersGeotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of soil Part 2: Principles for a classification (ISO 146882:2017)Reconnaissance et essais gotechnique

7、s Identification et classification des sols - Partie 2: Principes pour une classification (ISO 14688-2:2017)Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung Benennung, Beschreibung und Klassifizierung von Boden Teil 2: Grundlagen fr Bodenklassifizierungen (ISO 14688-2:2017)This European Standard was approve

8、d by CEN on 20 November 2017.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Uptodate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national sta

9、ndards may be obtained on application to the CENCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and no

10、tified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, I

11、celand, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.English VersionEN ISO 146882:2018 (E)European forewordThis document (EN ISO 146882:2018) has been prepared b

12、y Technical Committee ISO/TC 182 “Geotechnics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 341 “Geotechnical Investigation and Testing” the secretariat of which is held by BSI.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or

13、by endorsement, at the latest by August 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2018.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any

14、 or all such patent rights.This document supersedes EN ISO 146882:2004.According to the CENCENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark

15、, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.Endorsemen

16、t noticeThe text of ISO 146882:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 146882:2018 without any modification.2BS EN ISO 146882:2018ISO 146882:2017Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 24 Principles of soil classifications . 44.1 General . 44.2 Particle

17、size fractions 64.3 Particle size distribution (grading) . 64.4 Plasticity . 64.5 Organic content 74.6 Carbonate content 85 Other principles suitable for soil classification . 85.1 General . 85.2 Correlations of relative density terms for coarse soils . 85.3 Undrained shear strength of fine soils .

18、95.4 Sensitivity 95.5 Consistency index . 95.6 Other parameters. 10Bibliography .11 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 146882:2018ISO 146882:2017ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bod

19、ies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and

20、 non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are des

21、cribed in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn

22、to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the

23、 ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions

24、 related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 182, Geotechnics.This

25、 second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 146882:2004), which has been technically revised. It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 146882:2004/Amd 1:2013.A list of all parts in the ISO 14688 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 146882:2018

26、ISO 146882:2017IntroductionThis document gives the means by which soils can be classified into groups of similar composition and geotechnical properties based on the results of field and laboratory tests with respect to their suitability for geotechnical engineering purposes.Prior to classification,

27、 ISO 146881 gives details of the procedures that should be followed in the identification and description of soils. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 146882:2018This page deliberately left blankGeotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of soil Part 2: Principles

28、for a classification (ISO 14688-2:2017)1 ScopeThis document specifies the basic principles for classification of those material characteristics most commonly used for soils for engineering purposes. It is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO 146881, which gives rules for the identification an

29、d description of soils. The relevant characteristics could vary and therefore, for particular projects or materials, more detailed subdivisions of the descriptive and classification terms could be appropriate. Due to differences in local geological conditions, practices to enhance relevant classific

30、ation criteria are used.The classification principles established in this document allow soils to be classified into groups of similar composition and geotechnical properties, based on the results of field and laboratory tests with respect to their suitability for geotechnical engineering purposes.T

31、his document is applicable to natural soil in situ, natural soil reworked artificially and synthetic materials. A more detailed classification specific to use in earthworks is given in EN 169072.NOTE 1 Identification and description of rocks are covered by ISO 14689. Identification and description o

32、f materials intermediate between soil and rock are carried out using the procedures in ISO 146881, this document and ISO 14689, as appropriate.NOTE 2 The identification and classification of soil for pedological purposes, as well as in the framework of measurements for soil protection and for remedi

33、ation of contaminated areas, is covered by ISO 25177.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the

34、latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 146881:2017, Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of soil Part 1: Identification and descriptionISO 14689, Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification, description and class

35、ification of rockISO 178921, Geotechnical investigation and testing Laboratory testing of soil Part 1: Determination of water contentISO 178922, Geotechnical investigation and testing Laboratory testing of soil Part 2: Determination of bulk densityISO 178923, Geotechnical investigation and testing L

36、aboratory testing of soil Part 3: Determination of particle densityISO 178924, Geotechnical investigation and testing Laboratory testing of soil Part 4: Determination of particle size distributionISO 178925, Geotechnical investigation and testing Laboratory testing of soil Part 5: Incremental loadin

37、g oedometer testINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14688-2:2017 ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 146882:2018ISO 14688-2:2017ISO 178926, Geotechnical investigation and testing Laboratory testing of soil Part 6: Fall cone testISO/TS 178927, Geotechnical investigation and testing Laboratory testing of s

38、oil Part 7: Unconfined compression test on fine-grained soilsISO/TS 178928, Geotechnical investigation and testing Laboratory testing of soil Part 8: Unconsolidated undrained triaxial testISO/TS 178929, Geotechnical investigation and testing Laboratory testing of soil Part 9: Consolidated triaxial c

39、ompression testISO/TS 1789210, Geotechnical investigation and testing Laboratory testing of soil Part 10: Direct shear testsISO/TS 1789211, Geotechnical investigation and testing Laboratory testing of soil Part 11: Permeability testsISO/TS 1789212, Geotechnical investigation and testing Laboratory t

40、esting of soil Determination of Atterberg limits3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 146881 and the following apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: ISO Online browsing pla

41、tform: available at www .iso.org/obp IEC Electropedia: available at www.elec tropedia.org3.1coefficient of curvatureCCratio (D30)2/(D10 D60), where D60, D30and D10are the particle diameters corresponding to 60 %, 30 % and 10 % finer on the cumulative particle size distribution curve, respectively3.2

42、compression indexCcdefined in accordance with the following relation: Ceec=+=lg ( )/ (lg) Note 1 to entry: e is the change in void ratio (negative value when e decreases) for plastic deformation and is the change in void ratio e for a relative increase of effective stress from lg to lg ( + ).3.3cons

43、istency indexICnumerical difference between the liquid limit (3.6) and the natural water content (3.16) expressed as a percentage ratio of the plasticity index (3.10)IC= (wL w)/IP2 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 146882:2018ISO 14688-2:20173.4density indexIDindex for coarse soils (sands and gr

44、avels) dependent upon the void ratio (3.15) and the void ratios corresponding to the minimum density (emin) and the maximum density (emax), as measured in the laboratory ID= (emax e)/(emax emin)3.5dry densitydmass of ovendried soil per unit volume of the material3.6liquid limitwLwater content (3.16)

45、 at which a fine soil passes from the liquid to the plastic condition, as determined by the liquid limit (3.6) test3.7liquidity indexILnumerical difference between the natural water content (3.16) and the plastic limit (3.9) expressed as a percentage ratio of the plasticity index (3.10)IL= (w wP)/IP

46、3.8particle densitySdensity of the soil particles3.9plastic limitwPwater content (3.16) at which a fine soil passes from the plastic to the semisolid condition, as determined by the plastic limit test3.10plasticity indexIPnumerical difference between the liquid limit (3.6) and plastic limit (3.9) of

47、 a fine soil IP= wL wP3.11soil classificationassignment of soil into groups on the basis of certain behavioural characteristics, criteria and genesis3.12soil groupssoils of similar composition and geotechnical properties3.13undrained shear strengthcushear resistance of soil in the undrained conditio

48、n ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 146882:2018ISO 14688-2:20173.14uniformity coefficientCUratio D60/D10,where D60and D10are the particle sizes such that 60 % and 10 % of the particles by weight are smaller than those sizes3.15void ratioeratio of the volume of voids to the volume of solids of

49、a soil3.16water contentwmass of water which can be removed from the soil, usually by drying, expressed as a percentage of the dry mass4 Principles of soil classifications4.1 GeneralSoils shall be classified in accordance with this document. The identification and description of soils and the identification, description and classification of rocks shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 146881 and ISO 1