EN ISO 5667-16-2017 en Water quality - Sampling - Part 16 Guidance on biotesting of samples.pdf

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1、Water quality SamplingPart 16: Guidance on biotesting of samplesBS EN ISO 566716:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 566716:2017. It is identical to ISO 566716:2017. It supersed

2、es BS EN ISO 566716:1998, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/3, Water quality, to Subcommittee EH/3/6, Sampling.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does n

3、ot purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 87615 8ICS 13.060.45Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal o

4、bligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 566716:2017EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 566716May 2017I

5、CS 13.060.45 Supersedes EN ISO 566716:1998EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCENCENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B1000 Brussels 2017 CEN Ref. No. EN ISO 566716:2017: EAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means re

6、served worldwide for CEN national MembersWater quality Sampling Part 16: Guidance on biotesting of samples (ISO 566716:2017) Qualit de leau chantillonnage Partie 16: Lignes directrices pour les essais biologiques des chantillons (ISO 566716:2017) Wasserbeschaffenheit Probenahme Teil 16: Anleitung zu

7、r Probenahme und Durchfhrung biologischer Testverfahren (ISO 566716:2017) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 February 2017.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national

8、standard without any alteration. Uptodate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in a

9、ny other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Repu

10、blic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.E

11、nglish VersionEN ISO 566716:2017 (E)European forewordThis document (EN ISO 566716:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147 “Water quality” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be gi

12、ven the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2017.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document m

13、ay be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.This document supersedes EN ISO 566716:1998.According to the CENCENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound t

14、o implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, R

15、omania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.Endorsement noticeThe text of ISO 566716:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 566716:2017 without any modification.iiBS EN ISO 566716:2017ISO 566716:2017(E)Foreword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Normative

16、 references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 General guidance regarding test design . 44.1 General . 44.2 Replicates . 54.2.1 General 54.2.2 Lowest ineffective dilution (LID) . 54.2.3 Hypothesis testing twosample comparisons . 54.2.4 Concentration and dilution response relationship 65 Evaluation 65.1 G

17、eneral . 65.2 Statistical analysis 76 Sampling and transportation 76.1 General . 76.2 Sampling equipment 86.2.1 General 86.2.2 Sample container . 86.3 Filling status of sample containers 96.4 Sample identification and records . 96.5 Subsampling 96.6 Transportation 96.7 Contamination during sampling

18、. 106.8 Sampling quality control techniques 107 Pretreatment .107.1 General 107.2 Preservation and storage 117.3 Thawing . 127.4 Homogenization 127.5 Separation of soluble and particulate matter 127.6 Preconcentration 137.6.1 General. 137.6.2 Extraction methods 147.7 pH adjustment 148 Apparatus and

19、equipment .148.1 Selection of apparatus . 148.2 Cleaning of apparatus and equipment . 159 Impairment of test performance 159.1 Problems and preventive measures for samples containing removable ingredients .159.1.1 General. 159.1.2 Volatilization . 159.1.3 Foaming 169.1.4 Adsorption 169.1.5 Precipita

20、tion/flocculation 169.1.6 Degradation .169.2 Problems and preventive measures concerning coloured and/or turbid samples 1710 Preparation of stock solutions and test batches 1710.1 Watersoluble substances 17 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 566716:2017ISO 566716:2017(E)10.2 Poor

21、ly soluble substances 1710.2.1 General. 1710.2.2 Testing in the water solubility range .1710.2.3 Dispersions and emulsions 1810.2.4 Special problems with mixtures of substances or technical products .1810.2.5 Limit test 1911 Quality assurance for biotesting .1911.1 General 1911.2 Quality assurance i

22、n the context of the investigation of environmental samples .1912 Reporting .20Bibliography .23iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 566716:2017ISO 566716:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bod

23、ies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and

24、 nongovernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are desc

25、ribed in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn t

26、o the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the

27、ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions

28、related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 6, Sam

29、pling (general methods).This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 5667-16:1998), which has been technically revised.A list of all parts in the ISO 5667 series can be found on the ISO website. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 566716:2017ISO 566716:2017(E)IntroductionBiolo

30、gical tests are suitable for determining the effect of environmental samples or chemical substances on the respective test organism under the specific standardized test conditions. Environmental samples are e.g. treated communal and industrial waste water, fresh water, aqueous extracts of solid mate

31、rial (e.g. leachates, eluates), pore water of sediments. The effect can be stimulative or inhibiting, and can be determined by the reaction of the test organism (e.g. death, growth, morphological and physiological changes or generally, changes in molecular mechanisms of action). Inhibiting effects c

32、an be triggered by toxic water constituents or by other noxious influences.The toxicity measurable in the biological test is the result of the interaction between a single toxic substance, a mixture of substances or the constituents of an environmental sample and the test organism. The protective po

33、tential of the biological system, i.e. the test organism, for instance by metabolic detoxification and excretion, is an integral part of the biological test.Apart from the direct toxic effect of one or more sample constituents, biological effects can be exerted by the combined action of all constitu

34、ents of a sample. Such a combined effect includes the impact of, for example, substances which are not toxic per se but affect the chemical or physical properties of the test batches by interfering with the test specific additives (e.g. nutrients, salts) and, consequently, the living conditions for

35、the test organisms. This applies for instance to oxygendepleting substances, coloured substances or turbid matter which reduce light exposure.Biological tests also include those tests which examine the effect of organisms on substances (e.g. microbial degradation studies).The results of the biologic

36、al test refer primarily to the organism used in the test and the defined conditions stipulated for the test procedure. A harmful effect stated by means of standardized biological tests can justify concern that aquatic organisms and biocoenosis might be endangered. The results, however, do not permit

37、 direct or extrapolative conclusions as to the occurrence of similar effects in the aquatic environment. This applies in particular to suborganismic tests, as important properties and physiological functions of intact organisms (e.g. protective integuments, repair mechanisms) are removed or deactiva

38、ted.In principle there is no test organism which can be used to test all the effects on the biocoenosis or the ecosystem possible under the various combinations of abiotic and biotic conditions. Only a few (“model”) species representing relevant ecological functions can be tested in practice.Besides

39、 these fundamental and practical limitations in the selection of test organisms some issues should be taken into account during sampling and sample treatment in order to avoid a change in the sample properties. This applies to the method of sampling, including the sampling equipment and sample conta

40、iner as well as the transport to the laboratory. The method of sample pretreatment and storage, as well as the preparation of, for example, stock solutions, may have an influence on the test result as well.Furthermore, the sample to be tested can pose experimental problems on biotesting. Environment

41、al samples (e.g. waste water, eluates) are complex mixtures and may contain, for example, sparingly soluble, volatile, unstable, coloured substances or suspended, sometimes colloidal, particles. The complexity and heterogeneity of materials give rise to a variety of experimental problems when perfor

42、ming biotests.Special problems are related to the instability of the test material due to reactions and processes such as physical (e.g. phase separation, sedimentation, volatilization), chemical (e.g. hydrolysis, photodegradation, precipitation), and/or biological (e.g. biodegradation, biotransform

43、ation, biological uptake in organisms).Other problems, especially if spectrometric measurements are applied, relate to turbidity and colour of the test batch.vi ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 566716:2017ISO 566716:2017(E)The statistical analysis of the data from biological testing of environm

44、ental samples should be conducted according to the current state of the art if not stipulated by the specific biotest standard.Finally, it is recommended to implement and maintain a quality management system regardless if a laboratory is involved in testing of substances or environmental samples.Thi

45、s document is one of a group of International Standards dealing with the sampling of waters and sediments and is intended to be read in conjunction with the other parts of the ISO 5667 series, in particular with ISO 56671, ISO 56673 and ISO 566715. ISO 2017 All rights reserved viiBS EN ISO 566716:20

46、17This page deliberately left blankWater quality Sampling Part : Guidance on biotesting of samples1 ScopeThis document gives practical guidance on sampling, pretreatment, performance and evaluation of environmental samples in the context of performing biological tests. Information is given on how to

47、 cope with the problems of biotesting arising from the sample and the suitability of the test design.It is intended to convey practical experience concerning precautions to be taken by describing methods successfully proven to solve or to circumvent some of the experimental problems of biotesting of

48、, for example, waters.Primarily dealt with are substancerelated problems concerning sampling and pretreatment of environmental samples (e.g. waste water samples) for the performance of biotests.This guidance is on ecotoxicological testing with organisms (singlespecies biotests; in vivo and in vitro)

49、. Some features addressed in this document also apply to biotests using singlecell systems (in vitro bioassays) and biodegradation studies as far as sampling and sample preparations are concerned. Testing of substances in the water solubility range is also addressed.Reference has been made as far as possible to existing International Standards and guidelines. Information taken from published papers or oral communication has been utilized as well.This document is applicable to biological tes