EN 60068-2-75-2014 en Environmental testing - Part 2-75 Tests - Test Eh Hammer tests.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationEnvironmental testingPart 2-75: Tests Test Eh: Hammer testsBS EN 60068-2-75:2014National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 60068-2-75:2014. It isidentical to IEC 60068-2-75:2014. It supersedes BS EN 60068-2.75:1997which will be withdrawn on 08 Octo

2、ber 2017.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GEL/104, Environmental conditions, classification and testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the nec

3、essary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 82508 8ICS 19.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was p

4、ublished under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60068-2-75:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 60068-2-75 October 2014 ICS 19.040 Supersedes EN 60

5、068-2-75:1997 English Version Environmental testing - Part 2-75: Tests - Test Eh: Hammer tests (IEC 60068-2-75:2014) Essais denvironnement - Partie 2-75: Essais - Test Eh: Essais au marteau (CEI 60068-2-75:2014) Umgebungseinflsse - Teil: 2-75: Prfungen - Prfung Eh: Hammerprfungen (IEC 60068-2-75:201

6、4) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2014-10-08. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographic

7、al references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibil

8、ity of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Fo

9、rmer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. European Committee for Electrotechn

10、ical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members. Ref. No.

11、 EN 60068-2-75:2014 E BS EN 60068-2-75:2014EN 60068-2-75:2014 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 104/635/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 60068-2-75, prepared by IEC/TC 104 “Environmental conditions, classification and methods of test“ was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CEN

12、ELEC as EN 60068-2-75:2014. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2015-07-08 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to b

13、e withdrawn (dow) 2017-10-08 This document supersedes EN 60068-2-75:1997. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Endorsement

14、notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60068-2-75:2014 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. BS EN 60068-2-75:2014- 3 - EN 60068-2-75:2014 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publicati

15、ons The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOT

16、E 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here: www.cenelec.eu Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC

17、 60068-1 - Environmental testing - Part 1: General and guidance EN 60068-1 - IEC 60721-1 - Classification of environmental conditions - Part 1: Environmental parameters and their severities EN 60721-1 - IEC Guide 104 - The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety publications a

18、nd group safety publications - - IEC Guide 108 - Guidelines for ensuring the coherency of IEC publications - Application of horizontal standards - - ISO 1052 - Steels for general engineering purposes - - ISO 2039-2 - Plastics - Determination of hardness - Part 2: Rockwell hardness EN ISO 2039-2 - IS

19、O 2041 - Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring - Vocabulary - - ISO 2768-1 - General tolerances - Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications EN 22768-1 - ISO 6508 Series Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness test EN ISO 6508 Series B

20、S EN 60068-2-75:2014 2 IEC 60068-2-75:2014 IEC 2014 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms and definitions. 8 4 Provisions common to all hammer test methods . 8 4.1 Severities 8 4.1.1 General . 8 4.1.2 Impact energy value . 8 4.1.3 Number of impacts . 9 4.2 Test appar

21、atus 9 4.2.1 Description 9 4.2.2 Mounting 10 4.3 Preconditioning . 10 4.4 Initial measurements . 10 4.5 Testing 10 4.5.1 General . 10 4.5.2 Attitudes and impact locations 11 4.5.3 Preparation of the specimen . 11 4.5.4 Operating mode and functional monitoring 11 4.6 Recovery . 11 4.7 Final measureme

22、nts 11 4.8 Information to be given in the relevant specification . 11 5 Test Eha: Pendulum hammer . 12 5.1 Test apparatus 12 5.1.1 General . 12 5.1.2 Test apparatus for severities not exceeding 1 J 12 5.1.3 Test apparatus for severities of 2 J and above 12 5.2 Height of fall 12 5.3 Testing 13 6 Test

23、 Ehb: Spring hammer 13 6.1 Test apparatus 13 6.2 Influence of earths gravity . 14 6.3 Calibration 14 7 Test Ehc: Vertical hammer . 14 7.1 Test apparatus 14 7.2 Height of fall 14 Annex A (normative) Shapes of striking elements . 15 Annex B (normative) Procedure for the calibration of spring hammers.

24、18 B.1 Principle of calibration . 18 B.2 Construction of the calibration device 18 B.3 Method of calibration of the calibration device 18 B.4 Use of the calibration device 19 Annex C (informative) Guidance notes 25 C.1 When is an impact test appropriate? 25 BS EN 60068-2-75:2014IEC 60068-2-75:2014 I

25、EC 2014 3 C.2 Choice of test apparatus 25 C.3 Choice of energy level . 25 C.4 Information for testing . 26 Annex D (informative) Example of pendulum hammer test apparatus 27 Annex E (informative) Example of spring hammer test apparatus 30 Bibliography 32 Figure 1 Example sketch of a striking element

26、 10 Figure 2 Derivation of measuring point . 13 Figure 3 Shape of release head for 2 J . 14 Figure A.1 Example of a striking element for 1 J 15 Figure A.2 Example of a striking element for 2 J . 15 Figure A.3 Example of a striking element for 5 J . 16 Figure A.4 Example of a striking element for 10

27、J . 16 Figure A.5 Example of a striking element for 20 J . 17 Figure A.6 Example of a striking element for 50 J . 17 Figure B.1 Calibration device 20 Figure B.2 Pendulum “c“ . 21 Figure B.3 Steel spring of pendulum “c“ 21 Figure B.4 Details of calibration device . 22 Figure B.5 Arrangement for the c

28、alibration of the calibration device 23 Figure B.6 Division of scale plate “f“ . 24 Figure D.1 Test apparatus 27 Figure D.2 Striking element of the pendulum hammer for energies 1 J . 28 Figure D.3 Mounting fixture 28 Figure D.4 Adapter for flush-type switches 29 Figure D.5 Adapter for lamp holders .

29、 29 Figure E.1 Spring hammer test apparatus . 31 Table 1 Coordinated characteristics of the striking elements . 9 Table 2 Height of fall 12 Table C.1 Energy levels in joules 25 Table E.1 Kinetic energy of striking element . 30 BS EN 60068-2-75:2014 6 IEC 60068-2-75:2014 IEC 2014 INTRODUCTION Mechani

30、cal impacts likely to stress electrotechnical equipment in service can be generated by hammers of various types. For standardization purposes, the results of such testing should not depend on the type of testing apparatus and therefore, the characteristics of the various types of test hammers descri

31、bed in this part of IEC 60068 are intended to be as close as practicable for the same severity level. It is important to note that both Clause 3 and the test method selected from Clauses 4, 5, and 6 need to be complied with in order to satisfy the requirements of this International Standard. The sev

32、erity levels are, in general, taken from IEC 60721-1. For coordination purposes, it has been necessary to change certain fundamental parameters of the previous tests Ef: Impact, pendulum hammer, and Eg: Impact, spring hammer. In all cases, both sets of parameters are shown at the appropriate places

33、in the text. Although some values are no longer recommended, they have been retained as alternatives for historical consistency purposes. This is because they have application in certain industries as historic comparators. BS EN 60068-2-75:2014IEC 60068-2-75:2014 IEC 2014 7 ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING Par

34、t 2-75: Tests Test Eh: Hammer tests 1 Scope This part of IEC 60068 provides three standardized and coordinated test methods for determining the ability of a specimen to withstand specified severities of impact. It is used, in particular, to demonstrate an acceptable level of robustness when assessin

35、g the safety of a product and is primarily intended for the testing of electrotechnical items. It consists of the application to the specimen of a prescribed number of impacts defined by their impact energy and applied in the prescribed directions. This part of IEC 60068 covers energy levels ranging

36、 from 0,14 J (joules) to 50 J (joules). Three types of test apparatus are applicable to perform these tests. Annex C provides some guidance as to this aspect. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for it

37、s application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60068-1, Environmental testing Part 1: General and guidance IEC 60721-1, Classification of environmental conditions Part

38、1: Environmental parameters and their severities IEC Guide 104, The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety publications and group safety publications IEC Guide 108, Guidelines for ensuring the coherency of IEC publications Application of horizontal standards ISO 1052, Steels

39、for general engineering purposes ISO 2039-2, Plastics Determination of hardness Part 2: Rockwell hardness ISO 2041, Vibration and shock and condition monitoring Vocabulary ISO 2768-1, General tolerances Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerances indications IS

40、O 6508 (all parts), Metallic materials Rockwell hardness test BS EN 60068-2-75:2014 8 IEC 60068-2-75:2014 IEC 2014 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions used in ISO 2041 or in IEC 60068-1, together with the following, apply. 3.1 combined mass of the str

41、iking element sum of the masses of the striking element and of the elements fixing system 3.2 fixing point part of the specimen in contact with the mounting fixture at the point where the specimen is normally fastened in service 3.3 equivalent mass mass of the striking element and any relevant porti

42、ons of the test apparatus which, combined with its velocity, provides the impact energy Note 1 to entry: For the particular application to the pendulum hammer apparatus, mass of the simple pendulum hammer calculated from the measure of the vertical force (in newtons) to be applied in the axis of the

43、 striking element to maintain the arm of the pendulum in a horizontal position, divided by the earths gravity. When the mass of the arm is evenly distributed, the equivalent mass is equal to the sum of the combined mass of the striking element plus half the mass of the arm. 3.4 measuring point point

44、 marked on the surface of the striking element where the line through the point of intersection of the axes of the arms of both of the pendulum and of the striking element, and perpendicular to the plane through both axes, meets the surface (see Figure 2). Note 1 to entry: In some IEC standards whic

45、h include a pendulum hammer test, the term “checking point“ has been used but it has not been used here in order to avoid confusion with “check point “ in other parts of IEC 60068-2. Note 2 to entry: Theoretically, the centre of gravity of the striking element should be the measuring point. In pract

46、ice, the centre of gravity is either difficult to determine or inaccessible, and the measuring point is therefore defined as above. 3.5 height of fall vertical distance between the position of the measuring point when the pendulum is released and its position at the moment of impact (see Figure D.1)

47、. 4 Provisions common to all hammer test methods 4.1 Severities 4.1.1 General The severity is defined by the impact energy value chosen from 4.1.2, and the number of impacts according to 4.1.3. 4.1.2 Impact energy value The impact energy value shall be one of the following, as prescribed by the rele

48、vant specification: 0,14 0,2 (0,3) 0,35 (0,4) 0,5 0,7 1 2 5 10 20 50 J (joules). BS EN 60068-2-75:2014IEC 60068-2-75:2014 IEC 2014 9 NOTE Figures in brackets appear in previous IEC 60068-2 standards, although no longer recommended, they may be used for historic consistency. 4.1.3 Number of impacts U

49、nless otherwise prescribed by the relevant specification, the number of impacts shall be three per location. 4.2 Test apparatus 4.2.1 Description Three types of test apparatus are available to perform these tests: the pendulum hammer; the spring hammer; the vertical hammer. The types of test apparatus are defined in Clauses 5, 6 and 7 as tests Eha, Ehb and Ehc, respectively. The coordinated characteristic