EN 16899-2016 en Sports and recreational equipment - Parkour equipment - Safety requirements and test methods《运动和娱乐设备 跑酷设备 安全要求和试验方法》.pdf

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1、BS EN 16899:2016Sports and recreationalequipment Parkourequipment Safetyrequirements and test methodsBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 16899:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16899:2016. It

2、supersedes BS 10075:2013 which is withdrawn.BSI, as a member of CEN, is obliged to publish EN 16899 as a British Standard. However, attention is drawn to the fact that during the development of this European Standard, the UK committee voted against its approval due to the following:The UK committee

3、objected to IAS being required to comply with the Critical Height in EN 1177 that is 23 the actual height of the equipment (see Clause 6.2, paragraphs 2 both permanently installed and portable. The requirements are intended to protect users from hazards that they might be unable to foresee when usin

4、g the equipment as intended, or in a manner that can be reasonably anticipated. This European Standard also specifies requirements for the installation and maintenance of parkour equipment, including area, height, flow, location and separation from other facilities, including childrens playgrounds a

5、nd multi-use games areas (free access multi-sports equipment). NOTE As listed above, this European Standard is only applicable to parkour equipment, installation and maintenance, but not for example to parkour activities. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are norma

6、tively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 206, Concrete - Specification, performance, production and

7、conformity EN 335:2013, Durability of wood and wood-based products - Use classes: definitions, application to solid wood and wood-based products EN 350-2:1994, Durability of wood and wood-based products - Natural durability of solid wood - Part 2: Guide to natural durability and treatability of sele

8、cted wood species of importance in Europe EN 351-1:2007, Durability of wood and wood-based products - Preservative-treated solid wood - Part 1: Classification of preservative penetration and retention EN 636, Plywood Specifications EN 1177, Impact attenuating playground surfacing - Determination of

9、critical fall height 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 clearance dimension that allows the opportunity of passing from, to and through equipment elements and structures and during a flow of movements 3.2 competent person individ

10、ual with sufficient training, experience or knowledge of this standard and understanding parkour as sports and/or particular qualifications, who is able to carry out a task properly Note 1 to entry: The required level of competence is dependent upon the task involved whether it is assessing the layo

11、ut, safety, materials or separation from other activities. BS EN 16899:2016EN 16899:2016 (E) 9 3.3 critical fall height maximum free height of fall for which a surface will provide an acceptable level of impact attenuation 3.4 enclosed passage way tunnel through or under an equipment, enclosed excep

12、t for entrance and exit, commonly at each end 3.5 entrapment situation in which the user becomes trapped or is unable to continue movement without risking a serious injury 3.6 falling space space in, on or around the equipment through which a user can pass or fall from an elevated part of the equipm

13、ent Note 1 to entry: Landing, rail or bar may be in the falling space (see 6.5). 3.7 flow move smoothly with unbroken continuity 3.8 free height of fall greatest vertical distance from the body support to the impact area below Note 1 to entry: The body support is standing, running, hanging etc. 3.9

14、groove gap that does not pass through the material Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1 for an example groove. BS EN 16899:2016EN 16899:2016 (E) 10 Figure 1 Example groove 3.10 impact area area that can be hit by a user after falling through the falling space 3.11 impact attenuating surface IAS material on

15、 the ground that has a property to attenuate some of the impact energy of a falling user 3.12 landing regular and inflexible surface in any plane 3.13 mechanical movement movement to which a user is committed by the equipment 3.14 movement method of travelling from and to equipment Note 1 to entry:

16、See 3.7. 3.15 opening gap that passes through the material Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2 for an example opening. BS EN 16899:2016EN 16899:2016 (E) 11 Figure 2 Example opening 3.16 parkour non-competitive sport of training to move freely over and through any terrain using only the abilities of the bo

17、dy, principally through running, jumping, climbing and quadrupedal movement Note 1 to entry: See also Introduction. Note 2 to entry: Movements such as somersaults, flips or tricks are gymnastic/acrobatic movements. Gymnastics/acrobatics is an entirely separate sport in its own right and has been pra

18、ctised much longer than the sport of parkour. However, traceurs/freerunners (practitioners) sometimes include acrobatics as part of their movement for fun and as a method of improving coordination, flight, balance and spatial awareness. 3.17 parkour equipment product or a combination of products int

19、ended to be used to practice a sport of parkour 3.18 portable property of an item that can be moved when needed and is not fixed to one place, position or posture 3.19 rails and bars rails are typically of a square or rectangular section; bars are typically of a circular or oval section 3.20 supervi

20、sion condition where a competent person personally attends and oversees the setting and takes care of the users safety Note 1 to entry: In some countries, national sports associations and/or governing bodies may have rules and/or advice for proper supervision and the level of supervisors competence.

21、 BS EN 16899:2016EN 16899:2016 (E) 12 3.21 traceur freerunner competent practitioner in the sport of parkour 3.22 user person who is able to access the equipment, including but not restricted to a traceur 4 Materials and structural integrity 4.1 Requirements for materials 4.1.1 General European and

22、national regulations on chemical safety of products shall be taken into consideration. Materials shall be selected and protected such that the structural integrity of the equipment is not affected before the next relevant maintenance inspection. Special care shall be drawn to brick and block structu

23、res and fibreglass products, since they are more susceptible to repeated impacts by users. NOTE Brick structures and fibreglass products do not necessarily hold against the impact test method nor repeated impacts from users. Parkour equipment reliant on bolted connections shall incorporate a seconda

24、ry proven system to prevent loosening caused by the vibrations of repeated user impact e.g. nuts with locking system. 4.1.2 Concrete Concrete shall be at least hardness of C25/30 and shall comply with EN 206. 4.1.3 Wood Wooden parts shall be designed in such a way that precipitation can drain off fr

25、eely so that water does not accumulate. In cases of ground contact, one or more of the following methods shall be used: a) use of species of wood with sufficient natural resistance in accordance with classes 1 and 2 of the natural resistance classification given in EN 350-2:1994, 4.2.2; b) appropria

26、te construction methods, e.g. post shoe, that protect the wood; c) use of wood treated with wood preservatives in accordance with EN 351-1:2007, Figure A.1, and EN 335:2013, class 4. Consideration should also be given to other issues, such as the potential for splintering or poisoning. All component

27、s made of wood and associated products, other than those species conforming to a) that affect the stability of the structure and are in constant contact with the ground, shall be treated in accordance with c). When selecting metal fastenings, consideration should be given to the species of wood and

28、chemical treatments used as some accelerate corrosion of metals if there is contact between them. Any plywood used in construction shall conform to EN 636 and shall be weatherproofed. BS EN 16899:2016EN 16899:2016 (E) 13 4.1.4 Metals Metals that produce oxides that scale or flake shall be protected

29、by a durable, non-toxic coating. Metal parts shall be protected against atmospheric conditions and cathodic corrosion. 4.1.5 Rubbers and synthetics An indication of the time period after which a part or item of equipment shall be replaced shall be provided if it could be difficult to determine durin

30、g maintenance the point at which the material becomes brittle. All structural plastic components shall have appropriate substances to reduce the influences of ultraviolet radiation and oxygen. If rubber is used in structural components, deterioration due to ozone shall be prevented or reduced either

31、 by: a) using considerably thicker material; b) leaving rubber parts visible for inspection; or c) making a notification to product or to maintenance instruction to check their conditions. 4.2 Requirements for structural integrity and loading Due to the dynamic loads applied by parkour activities, t

32、he structural integrity of equipment shall be verified by the calculations and/or physical test. The test method is in Annex A and the appropriate number of users is calculated according to Annex B. During the physical test (see A.5), the equipment shall show no cracks, damage or excessive permanent

33、 deformation and no connections shall be loosened. Parkour equipment for standing, walking, jumping or climbing upon, or any flat surface 0,1 m wide, and which has less than a 30 angle from the horizontal, shall be able to carry the load caused by at least one user. NOTE 1 This also applies to rungs

34、 or steps for supporting a users feet. Additional measures shall be taken for equipment in which the stability depends on only one cross section. When parkour equipment relies on one post for its stability, the construction shall be carried out such as to: a) minimize rotting or corrosion in parts c

35、ontributing to stability; b) allow for controlling degradation and the need for decommissioning; and c) be used without collapse within the foreseen inspection period when maintained correctly. NOTE 2 No allowance for accidental loads, i.e. loads produced by fire, collision by vehicles or earthquake

36、, needs to be made. NOTE 3 The loads associated with fatigue are generally much smaller than the loads in combination with the appropriate load factors when calculated in accordance with A.2. Therefore, equipment in general doesnt need to be verified for fatigue. Structural parts shall resist the wo

37、rst-case loading condition, as demonstrated by, for example, that part of the user load causing favourable effects, as shown in Figure 3. BS EN 16899:2016EN 16899:2016 (E) 14 Key 1 part of load to be removed Figure 3 Example of removal of that part of the user load which causes a favourable effect L

38、andings shall be designed to withstand repeated shock from users, including occasional heavy impacts, from more than one user landing at the same time. The manufacturer can choose either a physical test done according to Annex C or provide static calculations performed by appropriate methods. For co

39、mbined structures, when tested in accordance with Annex C, surround, panel and fixing points shall show no signs of cracks or deformation, loosening of connecting parts, or any other failure of structural integrity (see Figure 4). Key 1 panel 2 surround 3 fixing points Figure 4 Example of a combined

40、 structure BS EN 16899:2016EN 16899:2016 (E) 15 4.3 Requirements for foundations and groundwork Products shall not fall down, move during use or sink in a way that it affects to using the product. NOTE When components are embedded in concrete the corrosion or rotting of the element is harder to insp

41、ect. Where loose fill is used, sharp and non-vertical parts of the foundations shall be under the loose fill layer or in depth greater than 400 mm. 5 Safety requirements 5.1 Sporting ability Access to equipment shall be possible only through the users own sporting ability. NOTE The intention is to a

42、llow users to develop their skills to access equipment. They determine their ability to access the equipment. 5.2 Access restrictions Due to potential for access by children, equipment shall be designed to make access difficult for young children. Consideration shall be given to the combined dimensi

43、ons of the step (a + b), which is measured as a combination of horizontal and vertical dimensions (see Figure 5). Key a vertical dimension b horizontal dimension NOTE Step = a + b. Figure 5 Measuring the step Rails and bars: Access to rails and bars in higher position than 1 000 mm from the impact a

44、rea shall require at least one step that is minimum of 700 mm. See Figures 5 and 6. BS EN 16899:2016EN 16899:2016 (E) 16 Landings: Access to landings in height less than 1 000 mm may be as easy access as needed. However steps or very easy means of access shall be avoided. Access to landings in heigh

45、t of 1 001 mm to 1 500 mm shall require at least one step that is minimum of 700 mm. Access to landings in height of 1 501 mm to 3 000 mm shall require at least one step that is minimum of 1 000 mm. See Figures 5 and 6. Dimensions in millimetres a) b) Key 1 Step 700 mm 2 Step 1 000 mm NOTE See Figur

46、es 5 and 6. Figure 6 Easiest allowed access to landings and bars BS EN 16899:2016EN 16899:2016 (E) 17 5.3 Accessible surfaces, profiles and edge chamfers All accessible materials shall be treated to maintain the minimum slip resistance in conditions other than persistent precipitation, frost and sno

47、w. Surfaces shall not be too slippery and not overly abrasive. NOTE 1 Examples of slip resistance test methods: British BS 7188+A2:2009, Clause 5; German BGR 181 class R9. Equipment surface should not mislead user to think it has better friction than it really has. NOTE 2 As an example, brick patter

48、n on HPL would mislead users to think that the friction is much better than it is, whereas concrete stone performs similarly to real stones. There shall be no protruding nails or pointed or sharp-edged components. Overly rough surfaces shall not present unnecessary risk, e.g. cuts in skin or trippin

49、g over. Protruding bolt threads within any accessible part of the equipment shall be permanently covered, e.g. by dome-headed nuts. Finishes shall be free from sharps and galvanizing spru. The edges shall have at least rounding with a radius of 3 mm or a chamfer with dimensions of 3 mm 3 mm. NOTE 3 Radius of the rounding can be as big as the manufacturer wants but if it is bigger that 10 mm the user can lose some of the sensation of the edge. Corners, edges and projecting parts that protrude more than 8 mm, and which are not shielded by adjacent ar