EN 14961-4-2011 en Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 4 Wood chips for non-industrial use《固体生物燃料 燃料规范和等级 非工业用木片》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 14961-4:2011Solid biofuels Fuelspecifications and classesPart 4: Wood chips for non-industrial useBS EN 14961-4:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard

2、is the UK implementation of EN 14961-4:2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessa

3、ryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 71115 2ICS 75.160.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committ

4、ee on 30 June 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 14961-4:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14961-4 June 2011 ICS 75.160.10 English Version Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use Biocombustibles

5、solides - Classes et spcifications des combustibles - Partie 4: Plaquettes de bois usage non industriel Feste Biobrennstoffe - Brennstoffspezifikationen und -klassen - Teil 4: Holzhackschnitzel fr nichtindustrielle Verwendung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 January 2011. CEN members

6、 are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application

7、to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management

8、 Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,

9、 Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any

10、form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14961-4:2011: EBS EN 14961-4:2011EN 14961-4:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Symbols and abbreviations 65 Specification of wood chips for non-i

11、ndustrial use .6Annex A (informative) General guidelines for bulk density of wood chips for non-industrial use . 10Annex B (informative) Adeviations . 11Bibliography . 13BS EN 14961-4:2011EN 14961-4:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14961-4:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 3

12、35 “Solid biofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by

13、December 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The European standard series EN 14961 Solid biofuels Fuel specification

14、s and classes are provided as general requirements and additional product standards. Additional product standards may extend this series over time. EN 14961 consists of the following parts, under the title Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes: Part 1: General requirements; Part 2: Wood pel

15、lets for non-industrial use; Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use; Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use; Part 5: Firewood for non-industrial use; Part 6: Non woody pellets for non-industrial use (under development). Although these product standards may be obtained separately, they req

16、uire a general understanding of the standards based on and supporting EN 14961-1. It is recommended to obtain and use EN 14961-1 in conjunction with these standards. NOTE In these product standards, non-industrial use means fuel intended to be used in smaller appliances, such as in households and sm

17、all commercial and public sector buildings. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France

18、, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14961-4:2011EN 14961-4:2011 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard for “Fuel Spec

19、ifications and Classes Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use“ has been produced by CEN/TC 335 Solid Biofuels Working group “Fuel Specifications, Classes and Quality Assurance“. The objective of this European Standard is to provide unambiguous and clear classification principles for solid biofuel

20、s, to serve as a tool to enable efficient trading of biofuels and to enable good understanding between seller and buyer as well as a tool for communication with equipment manufacturers. It will also facilitate authority permission procedures and reporting. This European Standard is made to support t

21、he use of wood chips in non-industrial situations and specifically for the domestic/householder markets and smaller commercial boiler situations, where sensitivity to the fuel quality can cause major issues. These consumers need special consideration for the following reasons: small-scale equipment

22、does not usually have advanced controls and flue gas cleaning; it is not generally managed by professional heating engineers; they are often located in living and populated districts. NOTE Wood chips produced according to this European Standard can be used in boilers tested according to EN 303-5 ( 1

23、6 mm,and all 45 mmand all 45 mm,and all 63 mmand maximum 3,5 % 100 mm, all 13,0 or Q3.6 3,6 Q11.0 11,0 or Q3.1 3,1 To be specified Bulk density, BD as receivedd,EN 15103 kg/loose m3BD150 150 BD200 200 BD150 150 BD200 200 To be specified Nitrogen, N, EN 15104 w-% dry - - N1.0 1,0 Sulphur, S, EN 15289

24、 w-% dry - - S0.1 0,1 Chlorine, Cl, EN 15289 w-% dry - - Cl0.05 0,05 Arsenic, As, EN 15297 mg/kg dry - - 1 Cadmium, Cd, EN 15297 mg/kg dry - - 2,0 Chromium, Cr, EN 15297 mg/kg dry - - 10 Copper, Cu, EN 15297 mg/kg dry - - 10 Lead, Pb, EN 15297 mg/kg dry - - 10 Mercury, Hg, EN 15297 mg/kg dry - - 0,1

25、 Nickel, Ni, EN 15297 mg/kg dry - - 10 Zinc, Zn, EN 15297 mg/kg dry - - 100 a Excluding class 1.1.1.3 Short rotation coppice, if reason to suspect contamination of land or if planting has been used for the sequestration of chemicals or wood is fertilized by sewage sludge (issued from waste water tre

26、atment or chemical process. bExcluding classes 1.1.5 Stumps/roots and 1.1.6 Bark. cActual property class for moisture content to be stated. Moisture class M10 is for artificial dried wood chips. dActual property class for Bulk density to be stated. The bulk density is lower for coniferous (BD150) th

27、an for broadleaf wood (BD200), see informative Annex A.BS EN 14961-4:2011EN 14961-4:2011 (E) 10 Annex A (informative) General guidelines for bulk density of wood chips for non-industrial use In this Annex a very general guideline for bulk density of wood chips for non-industrial use is given. The bu

28、lk density range is given for two general classes of tree species: broadleaf and coniferous species. Coniferous species contain most of the softwood species (e.g. pine, spruce, fir) as well as the light broadleaf species like poplar and willow. As a basis for the calculation a basic density of 400 k

29、g/m3is assumed. Basic density is the ratio of the mass on dry basis and the solid volume on green basis (EN 14588). Broadleaf species comprise most of the hardwood species like oak, beech, maple, birch. For the broadleaf species a basic density of 550 kg/m3is assumed. In Table A.1, a range of bulk d

30、ensities is given, which depend on the moisture content of the chips. Table A.1 Range of bulk densities in different moisture content of the wood chips Moisture content in wet basis w-% 8 to 18 18 to 25 25 to 35 35 to 45 Bulk density for coniferous species kg/m3 loose volume 160 to 180 180 to 200 20

31、0 to 225 225 to 270 Property class BD150 BD150 BD200 BD200 Bulk density for broadleaf species kg/m3 loose volume 225 to 250 250 to 280 280 to 320 320 to 380 Property class BD200 BD200 BD200 BD200 NOTE 1 solid m3is on average from 2,5 to 3,0 loose m3of wood chips. BS EN 14961-4:2011EN 14961-4:2011 (E

32、) 11 Annex B (informative) Adeviations A- deviation: National deviation due to regulations, the alteration of which is for the time being outside the competence of the CEN member. This European Standard does not fall under any Directive of the EU. In the relevant CEN/ CENELEC countries these A- devi

33、ations are valid instead of the provisions of the European Standard until they have been removed. France National RegulationRubrique 2910 A de la nomenclature ICPE (Installations classes pour la protection de lenvironnement) Dcret n 2010-419 du 28 avril 2010 modifiant la nomenclature des installatio

34、ns classes The French regulation allows only the burning of biomass in virgin state in installations as specified in “rubrique 2910 A” of ICPE Regulation (Classified installation for the protection of the environment regulation). All chemically treated wood are considering as wastes and can not be b

35、urning without specific conditions and an authorisation from National authorities. Subclause 1.2 and 1.3 The standard leaves the possibility to burn chemically treated wood in “non industrial situation and specifically for the domestic/householder markets and smaller commercial boiler situations”, w

36、hile the introduction focuses on the need to reinforced consumers safety (i.e. “where sensitivity to the fuel quality can cause major issues”). Only classes 1.1.1, 1.1.3, 1.1.4.3, 1.2.1 and 1.3.1 for raw material in Table 1 of EN 14961-1 and then Classes A1, A2 and B1 in Table 1 of EN 14961-4 are au

37、thorized. Clause 5 2nd paragraph last sentence and 3rd paragraph French regulation prohibits the burn of Class B products as defined in both paragraph. Table 1 Class B2 products French regulation prohibits the burn of Class B2 products as defined in the 7th column. BS EN 14961-4:2011EN 14961-4:2011

38、(E) 12 Italy National Regulation EN 14961-4 conflicts with the Italian law that has stricter limits concerning the allowed biomasses intended to be used for energy purposes, thus it is necessary to include the following deviation. Clause 1 Scope This European standard determines the fuel quality cla

39、sses and specifications for non-industrial wood chips. This European standard covers only wood chip produced from the following raw materials (see EN 149611, Table 1): 1.1 Forest, plantation and other virgin wood 1.2.1 By-products and residues from wood processing industry - Chemically untreated woo

40、d residues 1.3.1 Used wood - Chemically untreated wood NOTE For the avoidance of doubt, chemically treated biomass is not included in the scope of this European Standard as well as demolition wood. Demolition wood is “used wood arising from demolition of buildings or civil engineering installations”

41、 (EN14588). Clause 5 Specification of wood pellets for non-industrial use 2nd paragraph is modified as follows, where the last sentence is deleted: Property classes A1 and A2 represent virgin woods and chemically untreated wood residues. A1 represents fuels with lower ash content indicating no or li

42、ttle bark, and lower moisture content, while class A2 has slightly higher ash content and/or moisture content. B1 extended the origin and source of class A to include other material, such as, short rotation coppice, wood from gardens and plantation etc, and chemically untreated industrial by-product

43、s and residues. Property class B2 also includes chemically treated industrial by-products and residues and used wood. 3rd paragraph is deleted: Chemically treated wood residues, fibres and wood constituents from wood processing (1.2.2) and used wood (1.3) are included in property class B2 as long as

44、 long as they do not contain heavy metals or halogenated organic compounds as a result of treatment with wood preservatives or coating. In case of raw materials belonging to 1.2.2 and 1.3.2 (chemically treated wood) the actual origin of the raw material shall be closer described, e.g. 1.2.2, Residue

45、s from laminated wood production. Decreto legislativo n. 152 del 3 aprile 2006 “Norme in materia ambientale“ (G.U. Serie generale n. 88 14/4/2006) (Legislative Decree n. 152 -3 April 2006 - “Regulation on environmental matter” - G.U. General n. 88 14/4/2006) Parte 5, Allegato X, Parte 2, Sezione 4 (

46、Part 5, Annex X, Part 2, Section 4) Concerning the biomasses, and the relevant treatments, for energy purposes the decree allows only the use of: 1. Typology and origin Vegetable material from forestry activity, forest maintenance and pruning (mainly compiles to class 1.1 in EN 14961-1) Vegetable ma

47、terial produced by exclusively mechanical processes on: untreated wood made by bark, sawdust, chips, . (omissis) not contaminated by pollutants (mainly compiles to class 1.2.1 in EN 14961-1) BS EN 14961-4:2011EN 14961-4:2011 (E) 13 Bibliography 1 EN 303-5, Heating boilers Part 5: Heating boilers for

48、 solid fuels, hand and automatically stocked, nominal heat output of up to 300 kW Terminology, requirements, testing and marking 2 prEN 14778, Solid Biofuels Sampling 3 prEN 14780, Solid biofuels Sample preparation 4 EN 15105, Solid biofuels Determination of the water soluble content of chloride, so

49、dium and potassium 5 EN 15149-2, Solid biofuels Determination of particle size distribution Part 2: Vibrating screen method using sieve apertures of 3,15 mm and below 6 EN 15234-1, Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance Part 1: General requirements This page deliberately left blankThis page deliberately left blankBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standardsand other standards-related publications, information and services. It presents the U