EN 772-4-1998 en Methods of Test for Masonry Units - Part 4 Determination of Real and Bulk Density and of Total and Open Porosity for Natural Stone Masonry Units《砌块的试验方法 第4部分 测定天然石.pdf

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1、STD-BSI BS EN 772-q-ENGL 1998 3rb24bb9 07Li32b3 774 W BRITISH STANDARD Methods of test for masonry units - Part 4: Determination of real and bulk density and of total and open porosity for natural stone masonry units The European Standard EN 7724 1998 has the status of a British Standard ICs 91.100.

2、20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGKT LAW BS EN 772-41998 STD-BSI BS EN 772-9-ENGL 1778 Lb24bb 07932b4 b20 been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and co

3、mes into effect on 15 December 1998 Amd. No. O BSI 1998 ISBN O 6.80 30697 6 BS EN 7724.1998 Date Text affected National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 77241998. No existing British Standard is superseded The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by T

4、echnical Committee B/519, Masonry and associated testing, to Subcommittee B/519/1, Masonry units, which has the responsibility to: - aid enquirem to understand the text; - present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the - monitor related international and European developments and

5、 promugate interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British standards which implement international or European publications r

6、eferred to in this document may be found in the BSI standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index“, or by using the “Find“ facility of the BSI standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of

7、 a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN titie page, pages 2 to 5 and a ba

8、ck cover. STD-BSI BS EN 772-4-ENGL 1798 lb24bb9 07432b5 5b7 EXJROPEAN flmm EN 7724 NORME EUR0PEE”E EUROPM August 1998 ICs 91.100.20 Descriptors: construction, masonry units, natural stone, tests, determination, real density, bulk density, open porosity, total porosity English version Methods of test

9、 for masonry units - Part 4 Delmnhation of d and bulk density and of ttal and open pcmsity for natural stone masonry uni Mhodes dessai des lments de nuqonnerie - Partie 4 Dtemhation des masses volumiques relle et apparente et des porosits ouverte et totale pour des lments de maonnene en pierre natur

10、elle Priifverfahren flir Mauersteine- Teil4 Bestunm . ung der Dichte und der Fbhdichte sowie der Gesamtporositat und der offenen Porositt von Mauersteinen aus Naturstein This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 July 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulakon

11、s which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date kits and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European

12、 Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibilisr of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Centsal Secretariat has the same status as the officiai versions. CEN members are the national

13、 standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normahsation Europisches Ko

14、mitee fiir Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1060 Brussels O 1998 CEN AU rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 7724.1998 E STD.BS1 BS EN 772-4-ENGL 1998 H Lb24bb9 07432bb IT3 H Page 2 EN 77241998 Foreword This Eu

15、ropean Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CENRC 125, Masow, the Secretariat of which is held by MI. This European standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement., at the latest by February 1999, and conflicting n

16、ational standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 1999. According to the CENKENELEC InkrnaJ Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following counlxies are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Gr

17、eece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Foreword 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Principle 4 Symbols 5 Materials 6 APPW 7 Preparation of the specimens 8 Procedure 9 Calculation and expression of results 10

18、 Evaluaion of test results 11 Test report Page 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 O BSI 1998 STD-BSI BS EN 772-Li-ENGL 1998 = Lb2LibbS 07432b7 33T W Page 3 EN 77241998 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method of detemiinllig the real density and the buk density and the open and total porosity of natud

19、 stone masonry units. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provision i-om other pubiications. These nonnative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent am

20、endments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. prEN 771-6, Specification for masonry units - Part 6: Natuml stone masonry u

21、nits. 3 Principle Aner drying to constant mass and calculating the bulk and impermeable volume, the bulk and real density of the units are calculated. 4 Symbols %t,s is the mass of the saturated specimen (g). m, is the mass of the dry specimen (g). G, is the apparent mass of the specimen immersed in

22、 water (g). is the bulk Volume (mm3). is the volume of open pores (mm3). is the impermeable volume (mm3). is the real density of the specimen (kg/m3). is the bulk density of the specimen (kg/m3). is the mass of the crushed portion (g). is the volume of liquid displaced by the crushed portion (ml). i

23、s the open porosity (%). is the total porosity (%). is the density of water (kg/m3). vb vP vi pr,s pb,s Vc,s Po P pw 6 Materiah Deionized water 6 Apparatus 6.1 Ventated om, capable of maintaining a temperature of 70 “C f 5 “C. 6.2 Evacuation vesse.!, capable of mainajning a pressure of 2,O kPa f 0,7

24、 Wa. 6.3 Weighing instmmt, capable of weigiung the specimens to an accuracy of at least 0,01% of their mass. 6.4 Linear rrteamring device, with an accuracy of 0,l mm. 6.6 Le Chatelier typemk, consishg of a flat-bottomed flask with a tube graduated i-om O ml to 24 ml in 0,l ml graduations. 6.6 Sieve,

25、 with a 0,l mm mesh. 7 Preparation of the specimens 7.1 Sampling The method of sampling shall be in accordance with prEN 771-6. The minimum number of specimens shall be five, but a wer minimum number may be specified in the product specification, in which case that larger number shall be used. 7.2 T

26、est specimen The test specimens may have the form of a cylinder, cube or prism and shall be obtained by diamond sawing or coring. Their volume shall be at least 25 cm3. In addition, the surface area to volume ratio shall be between 0,l nun- and 0,2 mm-l. 7.3 Preparation of specimens Dry the specimen

27、s at a temperature of 70 OC f 5 “C to constant mass (6.1). Constant mass is reached if, during the drying process in subsequent weighings with not less than a 24 h interval, the loss in mass between two determinations is less than 0,l % of the mass. 8 Procedure 8.1 Open porosity and bulk (apparent)

28、density Weigh the specimens (md), then place them in an evacuation vessel (6.2) and lower the pressure gradually to 2,O Wa 0,7 Wa = (15 5) mm Hg. Maintain this pressure constant for 24 h in order to eliminate the air contained in the open pores of the specimens. Introduce deionized water at 20 OC *

29、5 “C slowly into the vessel. The rate at which the water rises shall be such that the samples are completely immersed in not less than 15 min Maintain the pressure of 2,O Wa f 0,7 Wa during introduction of the water and for 24 h afterwards. O BSI 1998 STD-BSI BS EN 772-V-ENGL 1778 lb2Libb7 07432b 27

30、b Page 4 EN 77241998 At the end of this period return the vessel to atmospheric pressure and leave the specimens under water for another 24 h at atmospheric pressure. Record the apparent mass in water (h,) for each specimen and quickly wipe with a damp cloth and determine the mass (mSatls) of the sp

31、ecimen saturated with water. In the case of natural stones with visible cavities (e.g. travertine) the apparent volume is determined by measuring their dimensions to the nearest 1 mm. 8.2 Real density Having determined the apparent density and the open porosity, crush each specimen separately until

32、the particles pass through the sieve (6.6). Dry the crushed specimen to a constant mass and set apart a pohon (m s) of approximately 50 g (weighed Introduce deionized water into the Le Chatelier flask (6.6) until the level is up to the zero graduation. Then add the weighed portion of each specimen i

33、nto the flask in five fractions each of approximately 10 g, ensuring that all of each fraction falls into the liquid. After the introduction of each fraction, agitate the liquid to disperse the crushed specimen. Read the graduation to determine the volume (V,J (in ml to the nearest 0,l ml) of liquid

34、 displaced by the mass of crushed portion. Before taking the initial and nai volume reaings make sure that the ambient air temperahre is 20 OC f 5 “C. to an accuracy of $ -0,l g). 9 Calculation and expression of results 9.1 General The volume of the open pores (in mm3) is expressed to the nearest 1

35、mm3 by equation (1): The bulk volume (in mm3) is expressed to the nearest 1 mm3 by equation (2): which can alternavely be calculated on the basis of the dimensions of the specimen. NOTE The value of the density of water (p,) at 20 “C is 0,998 grni. 9.2 Bulk (apparent) density The bulk density is exp

36、ressed to the nearest 10 kg/m3 by the ratio of the mass of the dry specimen and its bulk volume, by equation (3): mw, X pw X 1 O00 Pb,s = msat,s - h,s 9.3 Open porosity The open porosity is expressed by the ratio to the nearest 0,1% of the volume of open pores and its bulk volume, by equation (4): (

37、4) 9.4 Real density The real density (in kg/m3) is expressed by the ratio of the mass of the crushed dry specimen (m,) to the volume of liquid displaced by the mass (V,) by equation (5): mc,s x 1 o00 ve, Pr,s = 9.6 Total porosity (5) The total porosity (P) is expressed by the ratio (as a percentage)

38、 of the volume of pores (open and closed) and the bulk volume of the specimen, by equation (6): 10 Evaluation of test results Calculate the mean value for bulk (apparent density) to the nearest 10 kghn3 and for the total porosity to the nearest 0,1%. 11 Rst report The test report shall contain the f

39、oilowing infonnation: a) the number, title and date of issue of this European Standard; b) a description of the specimens to prEN 771-6, the name and address of the client, and - the type of stone; - the commercial name of the stone; - the country and region of extraction; - the name of the supplier

40、; c) the method of sampling and by which organization; d) the direction of any bedding or anisotropic features, to be clearly indicated on the samples by means of two parallel lines; e) the date of delivery of the specimens; f) the date of testing; g) the number of specimens in the sample; h) for ea

41、ch sample: the real density and the bulk (apparent) density to the nearest 10 kg/m3, the open porosity and the total porosity to the nearest 0,1% i) the arithmetic mean of the individual values for the real density and for the bulk (apparent) density (to the nearest 10 kglm3), for the open porosity

42、and for the total porosity (to the nearest 0,1%); j) remarks, if w. O BSI 1998 STD-BSI BS EN 772-V-ENGL 1998 = Lb2Libb7 07432b7 LO2 Page 6 EN 77241998 Dimensions in millimetres t 50 d 11.3 - t + m z t 65 90 4 1 Ground glass stopper 4 6 mi capacity at 20 “C 2 Have two 0,l ml graduations extend above

43、1 and below O mark 3 Capacity of bulk approx 250 mi 6 1 mi capacity at 20 OC 5 17 mi capacity at 20 C NOTE Vwiations of a few millimetres in such dimensions as total height of flask, diameter of base, etc., are to be expected and should not be considered saicient cause for rejection. Figure 1 - Le C

44、hatelier flask for measurement of real density O BSI 1998 STD-BSI BS EN 772-4-ENGL 1998 Lb24bb9 0793270 724 BS EN 77241998 BSI 389 Chiswic, High Roa London w4 4AL BSI - British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK

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