EN 61-1977 en Glass reinforced plastics Determination of tensile properties《玻璃纤维增强塑料 拉伸性能测定》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD CONFIRMED OCTOBER 1983 BS 2782-10: Method 1003: 1977 EN 61 Methods of testing Plastics Part 10: Glass reinforced plastics Method 1003: Determination of tensile properties UDC 678.5/.8.046.364:620.172BS2782-10:Method 1003:1977 This British Standard was published under the authority o

2、f the Executive Board on 31 August 1977 BSI 03-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PLC/- Draft for comment 74/54599 DC ISBN 0 580 09735 8 Cooperating organizations The European Committee for Standardization, under whose direction this European S

3、tandard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following Western European countries: A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a Bri

4、tish Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may

5、 have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover. Austria Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut Belgium Institut Belge de Normalisation Denmark Dansk Standardiseringsraad Finland Suomen Standardisoimisliitto, r.y. France Association Franaise de N

6、ormalisation Germany DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung Ireland Institute for Industrial Research and Standards Italy Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Netherlands Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut Norway Norges Standardiseringsforbund Portugal Repartio de Normalizao Spain Instituto Nacional de

7、 Racionalizacin y Normalizacin Sweden Sveriges Standardiseringskommission Switzerland Association Suisse de Normalisation United Kingdom British Standards Institution Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS 2782-10:Method 1003:1977 BSI 03-1999 i Contents Page Cooperatin

8、g organizations Inside front cover Brief history 2 Foreword 2 1 Scope and field of application 3 2 Reference 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Apparatus 3 5 Test specimens 4 6 Preconditioning 5 7 Testing speeds 5 8 Procedure 5 9 Expression of results 6 10 Test report 9 Figure 1 Chart of apparent extension (Z) ver

9、sus force (F) 7 Figure 2 Test specimens 8 Figure 3 Method of preparing test specimens with attached end pieces 9 National appendix AOrigins of work and relationship with otherBritishStandards Inside back coverii blankEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN61 Edition 1 March 1977 UDC 678

10、.5/8:677.521:539.42 Key words: Plastics, glass reinforced plastics, thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, tests, mechanical tests, tension tests, tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus of elasticity, tensile stress, test equipment, test specimens, testing conditions English version Gla

11、ss reinforced plastics. Determination of tensile properties Matires plastiques renforces au verre textile. Dtermination des caractristiques en traction Glasfaserverstrkte Kunststoffe. Zugversuch This European Standard was accepted by CEN on 1977-03-31. The CEN members are bound to adhere to the CEN

12、Internal Regulations which specify under which conditions this European Standard has to be given, without any alteration, the status of a national standard. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Central Secretaria

13、t or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three versions (English, French, German) recognized by CEN as equivalent. National versions in other languages rank as translations and in case of doubt shall be checked against one of the recognized versions. CEN members are the national stan

14、dards organizations of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: Rue

15、de Brderode, 2, B-1000 Brussels Copyright reserved to all CEN membersEN61:1977 BSI 03-1999 2 Brief history This European Standard was drawn up by CEN Technical Committee 66 “Testing of glass fibre reinforced plastics”, the Secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. The contents of this standard were sub

16、mitted for ballot to the members of CEN in November 1974 in view of its adoption as a European Standard. This European Standard was adopted by CEN as a result of its acceptance by the following member countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,

17、 United Kingdom. Foreword This standard is in technical agreement with Draft International Standard ISO/DIS 3268 “Textile glass reinforced plastics Tensile properties” and includes the definitions from ISO Recommendation ISO/R 527 1966 “Plastics Determination of tensile properties”.EN61:1977 BSI 03-

18、1999 3 1 Scope and field of application 1.1 This European Standard specifies a method of determining certain tensile properties of textile glass reinforced plastics. The method specified is not necessarily applicable to materials of very high tensile strength, for example unidirectional reinforced m

19、aterials 1) . The method is applicable to reinforced thermosetting resins and also to reinforced thermoplastics. Injection-moulded test specimens made from reinforced thermoplastics are subject to fibre orientation, and may give values that are untypically high; however, they may be used if other me

20、thods of specimen preparation are impracticable. 1.2 The method describes the determination of the following tensile properties: the initial tangent modulus of elasticity and the tensile secant modulus of elasticity (when it is not possible to determine the initial tangent modulus of elasticity, the

21、 tensile secant modulus of elasticity at 0.1% strain is determined); maximum tensile stress; NOTEIf there is a clean break the maximum tensile stress is the stress at break; in other cases it is the stress corresponding to the maximum force. the elongation at maximum force and, possibly, the elongat

22、ion at break. The force-elongation curves at different temperatures, degrees of humidity and rates of strain yield interesting information concerning the behaviour of the materials. 1.3 It is only possible to obtain comparable values between different materials if identical test specimens are used.

23、These should also be tested under well defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity and rate of strain. Finally, it is the aim of this method to obtain tensile results that can be used either for quality control, or the preparation of specifications for materials. 2 Reference EN 62, Gla

24、ss reinforced plastics Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing. 3 Definitions 3.1 tensile stress tensile force per unit area of original cross section within the narrow parallel portion, carried by the test specimen at any moment 3.2 percentage elongation increase in the distance between r

25、eference lines on the narrow parallel portion of the test specimen, due to a tensile force, and expressed as a percentage of the initial distance between the reference lines 3.3 plastic modulus Ratio of stress to corresponding strain within the range of the greatest stress that the material is capab

26、le of sustaining without any deviation of proportionality of stress to strain, i.e. the slope of the force-elongation curve obtained in the tensile test. In the portion of the curve past the limit of proportionality, or if the limit does not exist, it is possible to determine: 3.3.1 initial tangent

27、modulus the slope of the tangent of the force-elongation at its origin (see note) NOTEWith some testing machines the curves show local divergences at the origin which make it impossible to draw the tangent. If this occurs it is necessary to adjust the position of the origin on the elongation axis (s

28、ee Figure 1). 3.3.2 secant modulus at x % elongation slope of the straight line passing through the origin (corrected, if necessary, as described in 3.3.1) of the force-elongation curve and the point of the curve corresponding to an apparent elongation of x % 4 Apparatus 4.1 Testing machine, having

29、a constant rate of traverse and comprising: a) A stationary or substantially stationary member, with a suitable grip, and a movable member with a second grip. The grips shall be made so as to allow, at any moment, alignment of the axis of the test specimen along the direction of the applied force. T

30、his can be achieved, for example, by using centring pins in the grips. It is suggested that self-tightening grips be used so as to limit as completely as possible any slipping of the test piece in the grips. b) A drive mechanism, giving the movable member a uniform rate of traverse under no load con

31、ditions, the speed being as indicated in clause 7. 1) A new document for the testing of roving laminates (unidirectional) is under study and when completed will be integrated into this European Standard.EN61:1977 4 BSI 03-1999 c) A force indicating mechanism (dynamometer), showing the force applied

32、to the test specimen held in the grips. This mechanism shall be essentially without inertia at the speed of testing and shall indicate the force with an accuracy of within 1% of the indicated value. The fixed and movable members, the drive mechanism and the grips shall be constructed of such materia

33、ls and be of such dimensions that the total elastic longitudinal strain of these devices is not greater than 1% of the longitudinal strain shown simultaneously in the gauge length of the test specimen; these requirements shall be satisfied for any force less than or equal to the rated capacity of th

34、e testing machine. 4.2 Extension indicator, permitting the determination, at any time during the test, of the distance between two fixed points (or reference marks) located within the central parallel portion of the test specimen. Other techniques are not allowed; in particular, the measurement of s

35、train by the displacement of the grips is forbidden. It is highly desirable that the extensometer used should allow a force-extension curve to be drawn. NOTE 1Some optical devices can be used which make it possible to follow the separation of the two reference marks. Other extensometers (mechanical

36、or volumetric) may be used provided that they can measure strain with an accuracy of 1% or better. NOTE 2The extensometer should not damage the test specimens; in particular, by causing breaks where it is attached. The initial distance between the two fixed points, which is called the “gauge length”

37、 shall be known with a precision of 1%. The elongation should be recorded automatically as a function of the force or of the elapsed time from the beginning of the test. In this latter case, the force as a function of elapsed time shall also be recorded. The extensometer should be essentially withou

38、t inertia at the speed of testing. It should be accurate to within 1% of the indicated strain. The recommended gauge length is 50mm for test specimens of type 1 and 100mm for the other types. However, a shorter distance may be used, provided that the above tolerances are taken into account. 4.3 Micr

39、ometer, suitable for measuring the dimensions of the test specimen to within0.01 mm. 5 Test specimens 5.1 Types and choice of test specimen. Three types of test specimen may be used, as illustrated, together with a table of dimensions, in Figure 2. Type I is for testing glass reinforced thermoplasti

40、cs, type II (rectangular, without end pieces) and typeIII (rectangular, with parallelepipedic end pieces) are for testing glass reinforced thermosets. Type I specimens may also be used for glass reinforced thermosets if they break within the gauge length. The preferred width of test specimens of typ

41、es II andIII is 25 mm; widths of 50 mm or greater may be used if the tensile strength is low due to the reinforcement used. The thickness of the test specimen shall be between2 and 10 mm. To decide between test specimens of types II and III first carry out tests with a specimen of type II and if the

42、 test is not possible or not satisfactory (slipping or breaking in the grips, etc. see 5.3) use specimens of type III. 5.2 Preparation 5.2.1 General. If a comparison is to be made between different reinforced thermosets, cut the test specimens out of flat sheets. If test specimens are to be cut from

43、 finished parts (for example, quality control during manufacture or on delivery), they should preferably be taken from flat areas or areas of minimum curvature. Furthermore, every effort shall be made to use test specimens without surface machining specifically intended to reduce their thickness. If

44、 the surfaces of the specimens have been machined to reduce their thickness, the results obtained will not be comparable with those obtained on test specimens without machined surfaces. 5.2.2 Preparation and application of end pieces (for type III test specimens). A recommended method is as follows:

45、 cut out, from the material under test, a sheet having the length of the intended test specimens, and of a width suitable for the number of test specimens required. To form the end pieces, cut parallelepipedic strips, preferably from a material having a modulus of elasticity smaller than that of the

46、 material under test, of a width such that, during testing, the distance between the grips will be atleast 20 mm greater than the distance between the end pieces. NOTEFor making the end pieces, it is possible to use strips of a thickness one to three times that of the material to be tested. Attach t

47、he strips, as shown in Figure 3, as follows: 1) rub all surfaces to which adhesive will be applied, with fine abrasive paper;EN61:1977 BSI 03-1999 5 2) carefully clean these surfaces with a suitable solvent; 3) for sticking, use a cold hardening adhesive (for example an epoxide adhesive), strictly f

48、ollowing the manufacturers instructions; 4) keep the assembled parts under pressure for a sufficient time. It is desirable that the adhesive used for bonding be of a flexible nature with an elongation at break greater than that of the material under test. The strips shall be perfectly superposed at

49、each end, parallel with each other and normal to the length direction of the test specimens. The sheets together with the strips constituting the end pieces are the test blanks ready for cutting into test specimens. 5.2.3 Machining of the test specimens NOTEIn all cases: avoid working under conditions that would create too great a heat build-up in the test specimen; it is recommended that a coolant be used; if a coolant is used wipe the test specimens clean immediately after machining; check that the sides of the test spec