EN 1438-1998 en Symbols for Timber and Wood-Based Products《木材和木制品符号》.pdf

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1、STD.BSI BS EN 14313-ENGL 17798 .P Lb24bb U744 BRITISH STANDARD Symbols for timber and wood-based products The European Standard EN 14381998 has the status of a British Standard ICs 01.075; 79.040 io o42 II BS EN 1438:1998 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW STD-BSI

2、 BS EN 1438-ENGL 1998 1b24bb9 0744151 787 = been prepared under the djrecticm of the Sector AmdNo. Date commiaee for Building and Cid Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards committee and comes into effect on 16 December 1998 I Q BSI 1998 BBN O 680 30445 O BS EN 14381998 Tkxt

3、 affected National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1438:1998. No existing British Standard is superseded. The K participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Commitee 8/543, bund and sawn timber, to Subcommittee Wl, Timber terminology and measuremen

4、t, which has the responsibility to: - aid enquirers to understand the te* - present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; - monitor reW intemationai and European developments and promulgate #em in the K

5、 A list of organizationS represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request toitssec. Cross-references The British Standards which implement intmnational or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards catalogue under the 79.040 Descriptors: wood, saw

6、n timber, wood products, symbols, utilization, standards Engush version Symbols for timber and woodhased products Symboles pour le bois et les produits base de bois Symbole fur Holz und Holzwerkstoffe This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 July 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with th

7、e CENICENELEC inkmai Regulations which stipuiak the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a nationai standard without any aiteralion. Up-to-date lists and bibliographicai references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Centrai Secretariat or t

8、o any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). Aversion in any other language made by tsanslation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Centrai Secretariat has the same status as the official versions

9、. CEN memberc me the nationai standards bodies of Aus Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, I*, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugai, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normal

10、isation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Centrai Secretariak rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels O 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14381998 E Page 2 EN 1438:1998 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared

11、by lchnicai Committee CEN/M= 175, Round and sawn timber, the Secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a nationai standard, either by pubiication of an identicai text or by endomment, at the latest by February 1999, and conficting nationai standards s

12、hall be withdrawn at the latest by February 1999. According to the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the naonai standards organhtions of the following comtxies are bound to implement this European Stan- Ausbria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Fniand, France, Gennany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, I*,

13、Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. No existing European Standard is supe Latin lower case Italic; Greek lower case Italic letters. For subscripts this standard uses: Latin lower case Roman or Italic letters. 4.3 Digits as weil as units like

14、N, kg, m, N/mm2 and mathematical notations like 4, or C shall always be printed in Roman. 4.4 For subscripts the use of small format letters and numbers is preferred. They shall be printed in Italic if they represent symbols for quantities (e.g. , and in Roman if they repment abbreviations (e.g;o, k

15、). 4.6 In subscripts a comma followed by a space is used for sepadion of Merent digits, letters, symbols or abbreviations. The comma(s) and the space(s) may be omitted where no confusion is expected 4.6 The order of the different parts of a subscript is hm basic to evaluated as in only V (not Q) for

16、 shear force. 4.9 Cartesian coordinates for a timber member are defined in Figure la). 4.10 Crosssectional dimensions of a timber member are defined in Figure lb). 4.11 The symbols 1, t, r, or 5, y, z can be used for glued, laminated timber or for panels, as in “%le 3. Figure 1 - Coordinates nble 3

17、- Smbols for and in relation to dued, laminated timber and wood-based panels Glued, aminated timber Grain direction of laminae Grain direction of face*) veneer ed panels Symbol Paricleboard, fibre board ruid similar direction Perpendicular to plane of Perpendicular to face (through I joints I thickn

18、ess) :zdicuiartomachineor 1;: 1 longitudinai direction, parallel Perpendicular to face O BSI 1998 6 Symbols in alphabetical order NOTE Symbols, marked with * in this clause, have corresponding symbols in IS0 3898. 6.1 Latin upper case - Italic letters NOTE Latin upper case Roman letters are not used

19、 in IS0 3898. Letter(s) Meaning area; accidental action flexural rigidity of plates and shells flexural rigidity of panels and stnictural floor decking modulus of elasticity; earthquake action action in general; force in general shear modulus; permanent action (dead load) self load; energy release r

20、ate horizontal component of a force second moment of plane area any quantity but with a proper unit in the absence of a specific symbol displacement modulus can be used for span; length of a member to be avoided for length moment in general, bending moment nod force to be avoided as far as possible

21、prestressing force; probabiity (or p, see IS0 38381987, Table 3) variable action (live load) resultant force; reaction force; resistance racking stiffness of panel first moment of plane area (static moment); actioneffect (solicitation); snow action (load) torsional moment; temperature; period of tim

22、e loading time shear force; volume; vertid component of a force section modulus; wind action load impact energy 6.2 Latin lower case - Italic letters NOTE Latin lower case Roman letters are not used in IS0 3898. Letter(s) Meaning a* distance; acceleration b* width C* void Letter( s) d* e* f il* h* h

23、 i* J* j k* k I* m* m(x) n* O* P* P q* r* S* s(x) t* I t U* U* U* W* V* W* X* Y* z* z 1 ) z, With a subscript if it is necessary to define an imposed load more precisely. O BSI 1998 Page 6 EN 14381998 Meaning diameter, depth (for example foundation) eccentricity strength (of a materiai); frequency d

24、istributed permanent action (dead load); acceleration due to gravity height; thickness depth (of beams); thickness of plates, shells, panels raius of gyration number of days reaxation coefficient coefficient factor span; length of a member length between two points mass; average value of a sample; b

25、ending moment per unit of length or width mean value of the quantity x normal force per unit of length or width, number of. . to be avoided pressure; probabiity (or P, see IS0 3898 1997, ble 2) pitch distributed variable action (live loady) radius standard deviation of a sample; spacing; distributed

26、 snow action (load) standard deviation of the quantity x time in gene torsional moment per unit of length or width thickness of plates, shells, panels perimeter components of the displacement of a point, corresponding to the directions x,y,z in Figure 1. velocity; speed distributed wind action (load

27、) coordinates lever arm STD-BSI BS EN 11138-ENGL 1778 P 1b24bb9 07Yg157 qT7 W Page 6 EN 1438:1998 6.3 Greek upper case - Roman letters delta A* difference; increment 6.4 Greek lower case - Italic letters Letter(s) Meaning aipha a* angie (in timber standards particuiariy the angle between direction o

28、f load/streSs and grain); ratio gamma y* safetyfactoqshearstrain epsiion E* strain eta 1 viscosity NTE in Is0 3898 eta (q), together with xi (0 and zeta (0 are symbols for relative coordinates. y partiai coefficient; modidon factor kappa lambda nu rIi0 sigma tau Phi Psi omega omega X* A* V* P* V o*

29、r* d Q, I o* o o to be avoided as far as passible slenderness ratio Poissons ratio panel deformation mass density (at reference moisture content consistent with 20 OC and 66 % relative humid standard deviation of a population shearstsess angle creep function relative humidity angular velocity moistu

30、re content (mass of moisture to mass of solid) water content (mass of moisture to mass of moisture + solid) 6.6 General subscripts and subscripts formed from abbreviations or other combinations of Latin lower case - Roman letters4) NOTE 1 For subscripts lower case letters are preferred. letters31 Le

31、tter(s) Meaning a* structurai steel aPP apparent C* compression in general; concrete cal* calc-5) cr* critical d* design6) def defonnation dYn* cb?iamic e elastic; elastic limit) ef effective el* et est* ext* f fat* fin g* h* i* inst j* k* l* m* max* min* mod n* nom* nor* obs* Par* Per* red* elastic

32、 in general effective test external beam flange fatigue final guaranteed horizontal initial (in time) instantaneous number of days C- c longitudinal amrage value maximm minimum modifcation nets) nomina normal Observed parailel perpendicuiar reduced rei* relative 3) As far as possible, abbreviations

33、which are not contained in this sub-ciame should be derived from words, preferably Engush, having Latin roots. if there is no risk of canfusion, these subscripts cm be reduced to one or two letters. (see IS0 3W1987, Wle 8). 1 As opposed to observed P. 6, This subscript should never be omitted. 7) If

34、 necessary, a suitable subscript can be added or substituted in order to dene the elastic limit more precisely, for example o, *) If there is a risk of confusion, “net“ sha be used. Other than subscripts for actions and actioneffects (see IS0 3898:1987, able 7) and subscripts formed from abbreviatio

35、ns i O BSI 1998 STD-BSI BS EN 1438-ENGL 1998 I Lb24bbS 0744358 333 m Page 7 EN 1438:1998 Letter(s) Meaning Letter(s) Meaning rep* ser* st* t* tem* test tim tor* tot* U* ult V* W* X* Y* Z* Y* representative Serviceability Static tensiong) ; txansver-saP-“ temperature test timber torsion total ultimat

36、e ultimate, if the single letter u would cause confusion verticai web 1 coordinates yield NOTE 2 If there is any risk of confusion, a complete word can be used as a subscript, written in English, with Latin lower case Roman letters. 6.6 Examples of combined subscripts Letter(s) Meaning ck compressio

37、n; characteristic value mk bending; characteristic value tk tension; characteristic value vk shear, charackristic value c, o, k compression, parallel to grain; characteMc value m, o, k bending, parailel to grain; characteristic value t, o, k tension, parailel to grain; characteristic value c, 90, d

38、compression, perpendicular to grain; design value m, o, d bending, paraalel to grain; design value t, d tension, perpendicular to grain; design value c, O, 05 m, O, 05 4 o, o5 c, 90, 05 c, 90, m c, 90, 50 compression, parailel to grain; sample lower fifth percentile value bending, parailel to grain;

39、 sample lower W percentile value tension, parailel to grain; sample lower fifth percentile value compression, perpendicular to grain; sample lower fifth percentile value compression, parallel to grain; mean value compression, perpendicular to grain; sample fiftieth percentile value 6 Examples of sym

40、bols with subscripts Letter(s) Meaning Eapp Fm, est apparent elasticity modulus E/(l+ p) estimated maximum load reached during a strength test (within the stanardized duration, limited by time or deformation, of the test) load at the end of a standardized strength test characteristic compressive str

41、ength parallel tothegrain design value of tensile strength perpendicular to grain FU fe, O, k ft, 90, d kh size factor, height factor kl length factor eo, density, mass at o = O, volume at o = o, equilibrium moisture content at relative humidity v/ 7 Special symbols Symbol Meaning + CD t) w directio

42、n of grain (for plywood of the outer hYer) point of measurement of thickness point of measurement of length machine or longitudinal direction of particleboard, fibreboard and similar wood-based panels 9, If there is a risk of confusion, “ten“ shall be used. lo) If there is a risk of confusion, %a“ s

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