EN 14066-2013 en Natural stone test methods - Determination of resistance to ageing by thermal shock《天然石料试验方法 用热冲击法测定耐老化性》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 14066:2013Natural stone test methods Determination of resistance to ageing by thermal shockBS EN 14066:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK

2、 implementation of EN 14066:2013. Itsupersedes BS EN 14066:2003 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/545, Natural stone.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does n

3、ot purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013 ISBN 978 0 580 75262 9 ICS 73.020; 91.100.15 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity

4、from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 14066:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14066 March 2013 ICS 73.020; 91.100

5、.15 Supersedes EN 14066:2003English Version Natural stone test methods - Determination of resistance to ageing by thermal shock Mthodes dessai pour les pierres naturelles - Dtermination de la rsistance au vieillissement acclr par choc thermique Prfverfahren fr Naturstein - Bestimmung des Widerstande

6、s gegen Alterung durch Wrmeschock This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 January 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-

7、date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translati

8、on under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, F

9、ormer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COM

10、IT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14066:2013: EBS EN 14066:2013EN 14066:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page For

11、eword 3 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Symbols and abbreviations 5 5 Principle 6 6 Apparatus .6 7 Preparation of specimens .6 7.1 Sampling .6 7.2 Dimensions of the test specimens.6 7.3 Putting reference marks on the specimens 6 7.4 Drying the specimens .7 8 Test proc

12、edure .7 8.1 Control measurements before cycling 7 8.2 Description of the cycles 7 8.3 Control measurements after cycling .7 9 Expression of results 7 9.1 Visual appearance .7 9.2 Modulus of elasticity .7 9.3 Open porosity .8 9.4 Ultrasound pulse velocity .8 9.5 Flexural strength 8 10 Test report 8

13、Bibliography . 10 BS EN 14066:2013EN 14066:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14066:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 “Natural stones”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication o

14、f an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shal

15、l not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14066:2003. The following modifications have been made: The new standard requires the evaluation of the produced decay through both non-destructive and destructive methods. Specimens dimensions have

16、been modified. The normative references have been updated. Test methods for natural stone consist of the following European Standards: EN 1925, Natural stone test methods Determination of water absorption coefficient by capillarity EN 1926, Natural stone test methods Determination of uniaxial compre

17、ssive strength EN 1936, Natural stone test methods Determination of real density and apparent density, and of total and open porosity EN 12370, Natural stone test methods Determination of resistance to salt crystallisation EN 12371, Natural stone test methods Determination of frost resistance EN 123

18、72, Natural stone test methods Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load EN 12407, Natural stone test methods Petrographic examination EN 13161, Natural stone test methods Determination of flexural strength under constant moment EN 13364, Natural stone test methods Determination of

19、the breaking load at dowel hole EN 13373, Natural stone test methods Determination of geometric characteristics on units EN 13755, Natural stone test methods Determination of water absorption at atmospheric pressure EN 14146, Natural stone test methods Determination of the dynamic modulus of elastic

20、ity (by measuring the fundamental resonance frequency) EN 14147, Natural stone test methods Determination of resistance to ageing by salt mist BS EN 14066:2013EN 14066:2013 (E) 4 EN 14157, Natural stone test methods Determination of the abrasion resistance EN 14158, Natural stone test methods Determ

21、ination of rupture energy EN 14205, Natural stone test methods Determination of Knoop hardness EN 14231, Natural stone test methods Determination of the slip resistance by means of the pendulum tester EN 14579, Natural stone test methods Determination of sound speed propagation EN 14580, Natural sto

22、ne test methods Determination of static elastic modulus EN 14581, Natural stone test methods Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European S

23、tandard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,

24、 Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14066:2013EN 14066:2013 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method to assess possible changes of natural stones under the effect of sudden changes in temperature (thermal shock). 2 Normative references The following docum

25、ents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1936, Natural stone tes

26、t methods Determination of real density and apparent density, and of total and open porosity EN 12372, Natural stone test methods Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load EN 12670:2001, Natural stone Terminology EN 14146, Natural stone test methods Determination of the dynamic modu

27、lus of elasticity (by measuring the fundamental resonance frequency) EN 14579, Natural stone test methods Determination of sound speed propagation 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12670:2001 apply. 4 Symbols and abbreviations FrFlexural

28、 strength tested on the reference specimens, in MPa FfFlexural strength tested on the specimens subjected to thermal cycles, in MPa F Change in flexural strength between reference and exposed specimens, in % E0Dynamic elastic modulus of the specimens before the thermal cycles, in MPa Ef Dynamic elas

29、tic modulus of the specimens after the thermal cycles, in MPa EChange in dynamic elastic modulus of the specimen, in % 0Open porosity before the test, in % fOpen porosity after the test, in % - Change in open porosity of the specimen, in % v0Ultrasound pulse velocity (UPV) before the test, in km/s v

30、fUltrasound pulse velocity (UPV) after the test, in km/s v Change in Ultrasound pulse velocity of the specimen, in % BS EN 14066:2013EN 14066:2013 (E) 6 5 Principle After drying at (40 5) C for a week, the specimens are subjected to successive cycles, each formed by drying at (70 5) C followed by im

31、mediate immersion in water at (20 5) C. The potential strength loss is measured according to EN 12372. Exposed specimens and, when relevant, changes in other physical and mechanical properties are measured by one or more of the following non-destructive tests: dynamic elastic modulus (E0) according

32、to EN 14146, UPV (v0) according to EN 14579, and open porosity (0) according to EN 1936, performed on specimens before and after the thermal cycles. 6 Apparatus 6.1 A ventilated oven capable of maintaining a temperature of (70 5) C. 6.2 A covered tank with a flat base, comprising small non-oxidising

33、 and non-absorbent supports for the specimens. 6.3 A weighing instrument with an accuracy of at least 0,01 % of the mass to be weighed. 7 Preparation of specimens 7.1 Sampling The sampling is not the responsibility of the test laboratory except where specially requested. At least 20 specimens shall

34、be selected from a homogeneous batch: a set of 10 specimens as references for flexural strength measurement of fresh material and the other set for the thermal cycles. 7.2 Dimensions of the test specimens The dimensions of the specimens shall be in accordance with EN 12372, i.e. determined by their

35、thickness. the thickness shall be between 25 mm and 100 mm and shall be greater than twice the size of the largest grain in the stone; the total length shall be equal to six times the thickness; the distance between the supporting rollers shall be equal to five times the thickness; the width shall b

36、e between 50 mm and three times the thickness and in no case shall it be less than the thickness. 7.3 Putting reference marks on the specimens To ensure that the measurements of the dynamic elastic modulus or of the ultrasound pulse velocity performed before and after the thermal shock test are done

37、 at the same points, indelible marks in the form of points are made on the relevant faces of the specimens, to show the location of emitter and receiver. Indelible lines are traced to show the location of the axis of the two supports on which the specimens will be placed during the determination of

38、the dynamic elastic modulus and the UPV. BS EN 14066:2013EN 14066:2013 (E) 7 7.4 Drying the specimens The specimens are dried in a ventilated oven at (40 5) C for one week and then cooled to ambient temperature (20 5) C before start of the cycles. 8 Test procedure 8.1 Control measurements before cyc

39、ling Before cycling, depending on the test chosen to evaluate the change in performance, the specimens subjected to cycles are measured according to one or more of the non-destructive tests: dynamic elastic modulus (E0) according to EN 14146, UPV (v0) according to EN 14579, and open porosity (0) acc

40、ording to EN 1936. 8.2 Description of the cycles The dried specimens are subjected to changes of temperature according to the following procedure: (18 1) h in a ventilated oven at (70 5) C; immediately followed by (6 0,5) h completely submerged in tap water, whose temperature before the immersion of

41、 the specimens is (20 5) C. Both in the oven and in the water container, the specimens are placed on the supports at a distance of at least 50 mm from one another and from the wall. In the water container, the specimens are placed on supports located at the bottom of the container which has been fil

42、led with tap water to such a height that the water level above the specimens is (60 10) mm. The procedure described above constitutes one cycle. If the test is to be interrupted at any time, other than for testing, then the specimens are to be immersed in water at (20 5) C. 8.3 Control measurements

43、after cycling After the 20thcycle the specimens are dried to constant mass at (70 5) C. Constant mass is reached when the difference between two weighing at an interval of (24 2) h is not greater than 0,1 % of the first of the two masses. Then they are visually inspected and compared with the refere

44、nce specimens. All alterations are recorded. One or more of the non-destructive tests are performed: the dynamic elastic modulus (Ef) according to EN 14146, the UPV (vf) according to EN 14579, and/or the open porosity (f) according to EN 1936. Finally, the flexural strength test is performed accordi

45、ng to EN 12372, on the dried references specimens and on the specimens subjected to thermal cycles. 9 Expression of results 9.1 Visual appearance Describe the modifications observed visually by comparison with the reference specimen, such as: cracking; scaling or exfoliation. 9.2 Modulus of elastici

46、ty Calculate the change in dynamic elastic modulus to the nearest 0,1 % according to Formula (1): BS EN 14066:2013EN 14066:2013 (E) 8 10000f=EEEE (1) 9.3 Open porosity Calculate the change in open porosity to the nearest 0,1 % according to Formula (2): 10000f= (2) 9.4 Ultrasound pulse velocity Calcu

47、late the change in ultrasound pulse velocity to the nearest 0,1 % according to Formula (3): 100 00f= (3) 9.5 Flexural strength Measure the flexural strength on dried reference and exposed specimens. The percentage change in flexural strength (F) is calculated as follows: 100 rrf=FFFF (4) 10 Test rep

48、ort The test report shall contain the following information: a) unique identification number of this report, i.e. EN 14066:2013; b) the number, title and date of issue of this European Standard; c) the name and address of the test laboratory and the address where the test was carried out if it is di

49、fferent from the test laboratory; d) the name and address of the client; e) it is the responsibility of the client to give the following information: 1) the petrographic name of the stone; 2) the commercial name of the stone; 3) the country and region of extraction; 4) the name of the supplier; 5) the direction of any existing plane of anisotropy (if relevant to the test) to be clearly indic