EN 1385-2012 en Helmets for canoeing and white water sports《木船和水上运动头盔》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 1385:2012Helmets for canoeing andwhite water sportsBS EN 1385:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1385:2012. Itsupers

2、edes BS EN 1385:1998 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PH/6/6, Protective helmets for sport and leisure.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to i

3、nclude all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 75028 1ICS 13.340.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Br

4、itish Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 1385:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1385 February 2012 ICS 13.340.20 Supersedes EN 1385:1997English Versi

5、on Helmets for canoeing and white water sports Casques utiliss dans la pratique du cano-kayak et des sports en eau vive Helme fr den Kanu- und Wildwassersport This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 December 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations whi

6、ch stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This Eu

7、ropean Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members

8、are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swe

9、den, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national

10、Members. Ref. No. EN 1385:2012: EBS EN 1385:2012EN 1385:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 3Introduction . 41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions . 54 White water classification of rivers . 65 Construction 75.1 Materials . 75.2 Extent of shell 75.3 Holes . 75.4 Projections . 75.5

11、 Retention system . 85.6 Face guards and visors 86 Performance requirements . 96.1 Impact protection . 96.2 Retention system strength . 96.3 Retention system effectiveness . 96.4 Buoyancy 107 Testing 107.1 General . 107.2 Headforms 107.3 Number of samples and sequence of tests 107.3.1 Number of samp

12、les . 107.3.2 Sequence of tests 107.4 Test area . 117.5 Conditioning . 117.5.1 High temperature conditioning 117.5.2 Low temperature conditioning . 117.5.3 Water immersion 117.5.4 Artificial ageing 117.6 Impact protection resistance 127.6.1 Apparatus . 127.6.2 Procedure . 127.7 Test for strength of

13、retention system 137.7.1 Apparatus . 137.7.2 Procedure . 147.8 Retention system effectiveness . 147.8.1 Apparatus . 147.8.2 Procedure . 148 Marking . 179 Information to be supplied by the manufacturer 18Annex A (informative) Alternative procedure for artificial ageing . 19Annex B (informative) Signi

14、ficant technical changes between this European Standard and EN 1385:1997 20Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 89/686/EEC Personal Protective Equipment . 21Bibliography 22BS EN 1385:2012EN 1385:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This doc

15、ument (EN 1385:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 158 “Head protection“, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2012, an

16、d conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This

17、 document supersedes EN 1385:1997. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an int

18、egral part of this document. Annex B provides details of significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Stan

19、dard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and th

20、e United Kingdom. BS EN 1385:2012EN 1385:2012 (E) 4 Introduction The most common head injury in canoeing and white water sports happens when a person strikes an underwater object after capsizing. Under these circumstances it is extremely unlikely that the speed of impact will be greater than 18 km/h

21、 (5 m/s) because this is the highest recorded rate of flow in a white water river. The most common site of injury is the frontal or forehead area or the side of the eye socket. To achieve the performance of which the helmet is capable, and to ensure stability on the head, it needs to be as close fit

22、ting as possible consistent with comfort. The helmet needs to be securely fastened on to the head, and any chin strap has to be under tension at all times. The protection given by a helmet depends on the circumstances of the accident and wearing a helmet does not always prevent death or long term di

23、sability. A proportion of the energy of an impact is absorbed by the helmet, thereby reducing the force of the blow sustained by the head. The structure of the helmet may be damaged in absorbing this energy and any helmet that sustains a severe blow needs to be replaced even if damage is not apparen

24、t. This European Standard includes the International Canoe Federation classification of risks. BS EN 1385:2012EN 1385:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies requirements for helmets for canoeing and white water sports for use in waters of classes 1 to 4 as classified by Clause 4. The le

25、vels of protection recognise that most fatalities in canoeing and white water sports result from drowning after concussion and not from brain damage. This European Standard is not intended to apply to helmets for use in extreme white water situations such as those where the jumping of high waterfall

26、s is undertaken, because the need for impact absorption for such a helmet, and the area of the head to be protected, are greater than those for most canoeing and white water sports. The standard applies to helmets with and without holes in the shell. NOTE This European Standard does not provide perf

27、ormance requirements for visors, chin-guards or face-guards. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the l

28、atest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 960:2006, Headforms for use in the testing of protective helmets ISO 6487, Road vehicles Measurement techniques in impact tests Instrumentation 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following ter

29、ms and definitions apply. 3.1 canoeing normal use of a canoe or of a kayak, in white water of classes 1 to 4 classified in accordance with Clause 4 3.2 white water sports non-powered sporting activities carried out in and/or on moving water as defined by classes 1 to 4 in accordance with Clause 4 3.

30、3 helmet headwear that is intended to protect the wearers head from concussion 3.4 shell material that provides the general outer form of the helmet 3.5 protective padding lining material used to either absorb impact energy or improve the wearers comfort 3.6 retention system entire assembly of compo

31、nents that prevent the helmet coming off the head 3.7 chin strap strap passing under the wearers lower jaw that is intended to prevent the helmet coming off the head BS EN 1385:2012EN 1385:2012 (E) 6 3.8 harness assembly of headband and suspension designed to keep the helmet on the head, and to abso

32、rb some kinetic energy 3.9 headband horizontal band of material that is adjustable to fit the circumference of the wearers head above the eyes 3.10 suspension means of resting the helmet on the upper parts of the head 3.11 headform rigid object designed to simulate a human head for use in testing he

33、lmets 3.12 basic plane of the human head longitudinal plane which passes through the lower level of the eye orbits and the upper level of the external opening of the ear canals 3.13 basic plane of a headform plane relative to the headform that corresponds to the basic plane of the human head 3.14 re

34、ference plane construction plane parallel to the basic plane of the headform at a distance from it which is a function of the size of the headform 4 White water classification of rivers NOTE 1 This classification is produced by the International Canoe Federation. Class 1 Not difficult. Regular curre

35、nt, small waves and riffles, occasional small rapids; pebble banks, no or few obstructions. Class 2 Moderately difficult. Clear and wide passages; irregular current, rapids bigger waves, easy eddies, stopper and whirlpools; simple obstructions in the passage, small ledges. Class 3 Difficult. Course

36、not always easily to recognize. High and irregular waves, long rapids, stopper, boils and whirlpools; occasional boulders, drops and various obstructions in the passage. Class 4 Very difficult. Course difficult to recognize, inspection from shore is advised; big hydraulics, keepers and boils; stagge

37、red boulders in main stream, ledges with keepers. Class 5 Exceedingly difficult. Inspection from shore is mandatory; extreme hydraulics, keepers and boils; narrow in the only line of passage, high drops in cascades with difficult entrances and/or exits. Class 6 The absolute limit of difficulty. Usua

38、lly considered unrunnable. All previous mentioned difficulties increased to the limit of practicability. Attempts at certain water levels imply a high risk to life. NOTE 2 Helmets for use in water classes 5 and 6 are outside the scope of this European Standard. It is expected that these helmets will

39、 have performance requirements in excess of this European Standard. BS EN 1385:2012EN 1385:2012 (E) 7 5 Construction 5.1 Materials The mechanical properties of the materials used in the manufacture of the helmet should not deteriorate significantly during the period of normal use, due to influences

40、such as exposure to sun, to temperature changes or to fresh or salt water. Metal parts used to fasten the chin strap and/or a suspension cradle to the shell, should be protected from or resistant to corrosion. The materials forming the parts of the helmet coming into contact with the skin, should no

41、t deteriorate in strength significantly due to contact with sweat and materials which are known to cause skin disorders shall not be used. The thread used for stitching on webbing should be resistant to rotting. 5.2 Extent of shell When the helmet is placed on a headform of size designation given in

42、 Table 1, and the chin strap is secured, the shell, including any holes, shall cover all parts of the headform above the lines ACDF shown in Figure 1 a) and Figure 1 b), except that there may be cut-outs on each side of the helmet to expose the ears for hearing purposes. The dimension “Y” (see Figur

43、e 1) for the headforms in Table 1 shall be taken as given in EN 960:2006, Table 1. The point C for each headform (Figure 1 a) and Figure 1 b) is the midpoint of AZ and the point D is vertically beneath it on the reference plane. NOTE Table 1 gives the EN 960:1994 equivalent letter codes to the EN 96

44、0:2006 size designations for headforms with similar nominal dimensions. These are as given in EN 960:2006, Annex C. The EN 960:2006 size designation approximates to the circumference of the headform at the reference plane, in mm. Table 1 Sizes of headforms Size designation (circumference of headform

45、 at reference plane, mm) Code letter(EN 960:1994) 495 535 575 605 625 A E J M O 5.3 Holes The shell may be pierced by holes that allow ventilation or the draining of water. 5.4 Projections Rivet heads shall be rounded and shall not project more than 2 mm beyond the outer surface of the shell. All ed

46、ges of the shell shall be smooth and rounded to a radius of not less than 1 mm. Any rigid internal projection shall be covered with protective padding. BS EN 1385:2012EN 1385:2012 (E) 8 5.5 Retention system The width of any chin strap shall be not less than 15 mm. The chin strap shall be fitted with

47、 a device to adjust and maintain tension in the strap, and shall not include a chin cup. 5.6 Face guards and visors If the helmet is fitted with means for attaching a face guard or visor then the means of attachment shall not reduce the degree of protection of the helmet. Dimensions in millimetres K

48、ey 1 front 2 central vertical axis 3 AAIplane 4 reference plane 5 rear a) Section of headform showing positions of planes, lines and points BS EN 1385:2012EN 1385:2012 (E) 9 b) Figure 1 a) through 90 Figure 1 Sections of headform 6 Performance requirements 6.1 Impact protection Helmets shall be capa

49、ble of withstanding an impact of not less than 15 J. The deceleration of the headform shall not exceed 250 gn where gn is an acceleration of 9,81 m/s2. Testing shall be in accordance with 7.6. The helmet shall be capable of conforming to these requirements regardless of which conditioning procedure in 7.5 has been chosen. A helmet that has been subjected to the procedure in 7.6 shall not be subje