EN 13814-2004 en Fairground and amusement park machinery and structures - Safety《博览会和露天游艺场机械和建筑物的安全性》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 13814:2004Incorporating corrigenda September 2008and June 2011 Fairground and amusement park machinery and structures SafetyICS 91.040.99g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g

2、55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 13814:2004This British Standard waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Policy andStrategy Committee on 29 September 2006 BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 75299 5National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1381

3、4:2004.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee MCE/3, Safeguarding of machinery, to Subcommittee MCE/3/4, Fairgroundand amusement park machinery and structures Safety.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary

4、.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.WARNINGBSI as a member of CEN, is obliged to publish EN 13814:2004 as a British S

5、tandard.However, attention is drawn to the fact that during the development of thisEuropean Standard, the UK consistently voted against its approval as a EuropeanStandard.The reason for this disapproval is that during discussion of this standard by BSITechnical Committee MCE/3/4, which mirrors the w

6、ork of CEN Committee TC 152,the UK expressed the opinion that there are several points which may necessitateadditional or different safety measures to be applied to amusement devices that areto be used in the UK. In the opinion of the committee, it is important that designers should be aware thatcom

7、pliance with requirements of this standard may not be sufficient to ensurecompliance with UK law1).The BSI committee had particular concerns with: fatigue life assessment: EN 13814:2004 does not require the designer to pass on any information regarding fatigue lives exceeding 35 000 hours, nor to cr

8、oss checkthat inspection/maintenance instructions are consistent with any of the calculatedlives. The committee believes this is inconsistent with Section 6 of the Health andSafety at Work etc. Act 1974; control systems: in the opinion of the UK committee a reference to IEC 62061would be appropriate

9、, which relates to control system design safety; passenger containment and clearance envelopes (6.1.6.1.2): the minimum reachdistances for passengers as required in 6.1.6.1.2 do not conform to UK legalrequirements1). Risk assessments referencing anthropometric data in relation tothe severity of the

10、hazards should be used to determine safe reach distances and inmost cases applicable to the UK, the safe distances will be much greater thanstated in 6.1.6.1.2; wind loading calculations: in 5.3.3.4.1 the latest relevant Eurocodes2) should betaken into account as should higher probable wind loadings

11、 in the UK. Thepossibility of portable rides being used in northern areas with even higherprobable wind velocities should also be considered.1)It is the intention of BSI Technical Committee MCE/3/4 to draft a national annex NA, whichwill give additional guidance on implementation, particularly in re

12、lation to compliance with UKregulations.2)The national annex NA to BS EN 1991-1-4 will provide supplementary information andguidance on implementation for UK users. It is anticipated that this document will be availableby the end of October 2008. Until the NA is published, BS 6399-2:1997 should be u

13、sed.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments30 September 2008 National foreword revised30 June 2011Correction to Equation (53) in 5.5.1.2 EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 13814December 2004ICS 91.040.99English versionFairground and amusement park machinery and str

14、uctures -SafetyMachines et structures pour ftes foraines et parcsdattraction - ScuritFliegende Bauten und Anlagen fr Veranstaltungspltzeund Vergngungsparks - SicherheitThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 May 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

15、which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Sta

16、ndard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standa

17、rds bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTE

18、E FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13814:2004: EEN 13814:2004 (E) 2 Contents pa

19、ge Foreword6 1 Scope 8 2 Normative references 8 3 Terms and definitions .11 4 Symbols 12 5 Common requirements for design analysis and examination 12 5.1 Design documents.12 5.1.1 General12 5.1.2 Description of design and operation .13 5.1.3 Design and manufacturing drawings.13 5.1.4 Principles of a

20、nalysis 13 5.2 Selection of materials14 5.2.1 General14 5.2.2 Recommended steels14 5.2.3 Aluminium alloy .15 5.2.4 Timber .15 5.2.5 Plastic composites 15 5.2.6 Concrete .15 5.2.7 Fasteners 15 5.3 Design loads.16 5.3.1 General16 5.3.2 Permanent actions.16 5.3.3 Variable actions .16 5.3.4 Seismic forc

21、es22 5.3.5 Applicable coefficients for impacts, the vibration of structural components directly travelled over and collisions 22 5.3.6 Load combinations23 5.4 Structural analysis Principles .24 5.4.1 General24 5.4.2 Analysis principles for various types of rides24 5.4.3 Roller coasters with rail tra

22、ck bound vehicles .30 5.4.4 Other railways with track bound vehicles.37 5.4.5 Grandstands.37 5.5 Verification of stability 37 5.5.1 Safety against overturning, sliding and lifting .37 5.5.2 Ground anchorages.40 5.5.3 Further requirements 43 5.5.4 Ground support for packing.43 5.6 Verification of str

23、ength .44 5.6.1 General44 5.6.2 Predominantly static stress44 5.6.3 Fluctuating stress45 5.6.4 Bolts 48 5.6.5 Ropes, chains, safety devices, connectors and adapters.50 5.7 Structural design and workmanship53 5.7.1 Arrangement, accessibility .53 5.7.2 Locking and safety devices for fasteners .53 5.7.

24、3 Joints intended for dismantling .53 5.7.4 Designing of components subject to fluctuating loads.53 5.7.5 Supports .54 BS EN 13814:2004EN 13814:2004 (E) 3 5.7.6 Central masts .54 5.7.7 Prevention of corrosion and rot.54 6 Requirements for design and manufacture of rides and structures54 6.1 Risk red

25、uction by prevailing design and safety measures.54 6.1.1 General54 6.1.2 Hazard analysis54 6.1.3 Risk reduction for platforms, ramps, floors, stairs and walkways.54 6.1.4 Risk reduction by the use of railings, fencing and guarding56 6.1.5 Risk reduction in the case of access and egress 59 6.1.6 Risk

26、 reduction for passenger units .60 6.1.7 Risk reduction by special provisions67 6.2 Supplementary safety requirements for various types of amusement device .68 6.2.1 Round-abouts with horizontal and/or vertical movements.68 6.2.2 Giant wheels, swings (with and without motor drives) .70 6.2.3 Roller

27、coasters, flume rides, dark rides, railways and other rail-guided channel or trackbound devices72 6.2.4 Maximum deceleration shall not exceed 0,7 g for an emergency and 0.5 g for normal stopping brakes (service brakes) unless special provisions for passengers are installed (lap bars, etc.).75 6.2.5

28、Side shows, booths, win-a-prize and sales stands, mazes, halls of mirrors, fun houses, labyrinths, hammers, ring the bell and similar.84 6.2.6 Temporary grandstands, maneges, etc.86 6.2.7 Shooting stands and trailers, shooting devices 86 6.3 Mechanical systems88 6.4 Manufacture and supply .92 6.4.1

29、General92 6.4.2 Manufacture .92 6.4.3 Supply.95 6.5 Initial approval, examination and acceptance Recommended procedures .97 6.5.1 General97 6.5.2 Initial approval of amusement devices97 6.6 Provisions before supply and use .100 6.6.1 Log book.100 6.6.2 Official technical dossier 101 6.6.3 Identifica

30、tion marking .102 7 Operation and use of rides and structures.102 7.1 Introduction102 7.2 Standard documentation 103 7.3 Requirements for Personnel 103 7.4 Duties of the controller .103 7.4.1 General103 7.4.2 Buying and selling.104 7.4.3 Selection and training of staff 104 7.4.4 Build up ad pull dow

31、n .105 7.4.5 Care of equipment .107 7.4.6 Trial Operations and Checks109 7.4.7 Operation110 7.4.8 Special duties for the supervision of the operation.112 7.4.9 Maintenance, repair and modifications.116 7.5 Duties of the amusement device operator117 7.6 Duties of the attendant119 7.7 Independent exam

32、inations .119 7.7.1 Independent thorough examination 119 7.7.2 Installation examination121 7.7.3 Examination after repair and modification121 7.7.4 Reports .122 7.7.5 Examination intervals122 7.8 Fire 122 7.8.1 General122 7.8.2 Fire procedures122 7.8.3 Provisions in case of fire 122 7.8.4 Access of

33、emergency services 123 BS EN 13814:2004EN 13814:2004 (E) 4 Annex A (informative) Fatigue analysis .125 A.1 General125 A.2 Symbols and definitions .125 A.3 Requirements for fatigue assessment.126 A.4 Fatigue strength of steel structures 127 A.4.1 Constant amplitude stress range (Palmgreen-Miner-Rule)

34、.127 A.4.2 Equivalent constant amplitude stress range at N 127 A.4.3 Equivalent constant amplitude stress range at Nc= 2 106.128 A.5 Damage assessment for combined stresses129 A.6 Formulae for life time prediction130 A.6.1 General130 A.6.2 Basic procedure.130 A.6.3 Calculation of fatigue life 130 An

35、nex B (normative) Detailed analysis rules.132 B.1 Swings 132 B.1.1 General132 B.1.2 Forces on struts.133 B.1.3 Safety of the swing against overturning .134 B.1.4 Motor driven swings136 B.2 Ferris wheels136 B.2.1 Loads 136 B.2.2 Dominant loading cases .138 B.2.3 Calculation138 B.2.4 Erection.143 B.2.

36、5 General indications143 B.3 Chair-O-Planes and suspension roundabouts .143 B.4 Roundabout with floor (suspended floor and turntable roundabouts)148 B.5 Motor-driven vehicle attractions 149 B.5.1 Motor-driven vehicle attractions with carriageways for unidirectional driving (e. g. car racing tracks,

37、multi storey car tracks, go-cart tracks, motor scooter tracks).149 B.5.2 Driving installations with arbitrary directions of driving (dodgem cars).150 B.6 Steep wall tracks150 B.7 Globes.151 B.8 Installations for artistic aerial displays .151 B.9 Rotors .151 B.10 Toboggans151 B.11 Rolling barrels152

38、B.12 Travelling platforms 152 B.13 Turntables.152 Annex C (normative) Examination forms .153 C.1 Thorough examination form .153 C.2 Initial examination form 154 Annex D (normative) Electrical equipment and Control systems .155 D.1 Electrical equipment155 D.1.1 General155 D.1.2 Protection class of eq

39、uipment .155 D.1.3 Sliding contacts .155 D.1.4 Earthing systems.155 D.1.5 Protection against electric shocks 155 D.1.6 Lightning protection measures 156 D.1.7 Lighting and emergency lighting .156 D.1.8 Overload and short circuit protection .156 D.1.9 Additional requirements for water rides .156 D.2

40、Control systems.156 D.2.1 General156 D.2.2 Relevant standards157 D.2.3 Safety related control systems elements157 D.2.4 Stop functions158 D.2.5 Safety related parameters.158 D.2.6 Passenger restraint status159 BS EN 13814:2004EN 13814:2004 (E) 5 D.2.7 Inhibiting or bypassing of safety functions159 D

41、.2.8 Control modes .159 D.2.9 Collision prevention by control systems 161 Annex E (informative) Guidance on design of passenger containment164 Annex F (informative) Log Book for an amusement device.167 Annex G (informative) Acceleration Effects on Passengers187 G.1 Medical tolerance General .187 G.2

42、 Rides .187 G.2.1 General187 G.2.2 Lateral acceleration (y-direction) .187 G.2.3 Vertical acceleration (z-direction) 187 G.2.4 Combination.187 Annex H (informative) Provisions prior to use191 H.1 General191 H.2 Operation Authorisation or Permit 191 H.3 Competence .191 H.4 Operation authorisation or

43、permit for used and imported devices191 H.4.1 Procedure .191 H.4.2 Transfer.191 H.5 Prolongation and Transfer of the Operation Authorisation or Permit .192 H.6 Reports for the prolongation of an operation authorisation or permit 192 H.7 Testing 192 H.8 Inspection bodies 192 H.8.1 General192 H.8.2 Qu

44、alification .193 H.8.3 Equipment availability.193 H.9 Installation Examination .193 H.10 Examples of examination intervals used by member states regulations.193 H.10.1 General193 H.10.2 Germany .193 H.10.3 Great Britain .196 H.10.4 Italy 196 H.10.5 Netherlands 196 H.10.6 Sweden .196 Annex I (informa

45、tive) List of hazards .198 Bibliography200 BS EN 13814:2004EN 13814:2004 (E) 6 Foreword This document (EN 13814:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 152, “Fairground and amusement park machinery and structures - Safety“, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standar

46、d shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2005. This European standard has been prepared under the mandate M/233 given to CE

47、N by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. A European Directive concerning fairground and amusement machinery does not exist. This European standard forms part of a series of two documents prepared by CEN/TC 152 for fairground and amusement park machinery and structures. T

48、he other document is prEN 13782, “Temporary structures Tents Safety” In its present state this European Standard may require, where mentioned in the different clauses, the application of national standards since some of the basic EN-standards to be used in applying this European Standard are not yet

49、 available. The content of this European Standard brings together the different existing national regulations and guidelines as far as possible. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzer