EN 13001-1-2015 en Cranes - General design - Part 1 General principles and requirements《起重机 通用设计 第1部分 一般原则和要求》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 13001-1:2015Cranes General designPart 1: General principles and requirementsBS EN 13001-1:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13001-1:2015.It supersedes BS EN 13001-1:2004+A1:2009 which is withdrawn.The UK particip

2、ation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee MHE/3/1, Crane design.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its co

3、rrectapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 84410 2ICS 53.020.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strate

4、gy Committee on 30 April 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 13001-1:2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13001-1 April 2015 ICS 53.020.20 Supersedes EN 13001-1:2004+A1:2009English Version Cranes - General design - Part 1: General principles and requir

5、ements Appareils de levage charge suspendue - Conception gnrale - Partie 1 : Principes gnraux et prescriptions Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 1: Allgemeine Prinzipien und Anforderungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 February 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN

6、/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Cen

7、tre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as th

8、e official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Nether

9、lands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All righ

10、ts of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13001-1:2015 EBS EN 13001-1:2015EN 13001-1:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 5 3.1 Terms an

11、d definitions . 5 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations 6 4 Safety requirements and/or measures 8 4.1 General 8 4.2 Proof calculation 8 4.2.1 General principles . 8 4.2.2 Models of cranes and loads 11 4.2.3 Simulation of load actions 11 4.2.4 Load combinations and load effects .11 4.2.5 Limit states .12 4.2

12、.6 Proof of competence .12 4.2.7 Methods for the proof of competence .13 4.3 Classification15 4.3.1 General 15 4.3.2 Total numbers of working cycles .16 4.3.3 Average linear or angular displacements .17 4.3.4 Frequencies of loads .19 4.3.5 Positioning of loads 20 4.4 Stress histories 21 4.4.1 Genera

13、l 21 4.4.2 Frequencies of stress cycles 22 4.4.3 Transformation of the identified stress cycles into cycles with constant mean stress or constant stress ratio .23 4.4.4 Classification of stress histories .25 Annex A (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application

14、 .28 Annex B (informative) Discreet and continuous distributions .30 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC 33 Bibliography 34 BS EN 13001-1:2015EN 13001-1:2015 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13001-1:2015) has be

15、en prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes -Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2015, and conflicting national stan

16、dards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13

17、001-1:2004+A1:2009. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of t

18、his document. The major changes in this revision are in 4.2.7.2, 4.3.3 and 4.4.4. Annex B has been added. This European Standard is one part of EN 13001. The parts are the following ones: Part 1: General principles and requirements; Part 2: Load actions; Part 3-1: Limit States and proof competence o

19、f steel structure; Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems; Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contacts; Part 3-4: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery currently at Enquiry stage; Part 3-5: Limit states and proof of compe

20、tence of forged hooks Technical Specification. For the relationship with other European Standards for cranes, see Annex A. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgiu

21、m, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerl

22、and, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13001-1:2015EN 13001-1:2015 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means for the mechanical design and theoretical verification of cranes to conform to the essential health and safety requiremen

23、ts of the Machinery Directive, as amended. This standard also establishes interfaces between the user (purchaser) of the crane and the designer, as well as between the designer and the component manufacturer, in order to form a basis for selecting cranes and components. This European Standard is a t

24、ype C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100. The crane parts, components or machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the scope of this standard. When provisions of this type C standard are different from those, which are stated in type A or B standards, the provi

25、sions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard. BS EN 13001-1:2015EN 13001-1:2015 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies general principles and requir

26、ements to be used together with EN 13001-2 and the EN 13001-3 series of standards, and as such they specify conditions and requirements on design to prevent mechanical hazards of cranes, and a method of verification of those requirements. NOTE Specific requirements for particular types of crane are

27、given in the appropriate European Standard for the particular crane type. The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. Clause 4 of this European Standard is necessary to reduce or elim

28、inate the risks associated with the following hazards: a) instability of the crane or its parts (tilting); b) exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue); c) elastic instability of the crane or its parts (buckling, bulging); d) exceeding temperature limits of material or components;

29、e) exceeding the deformation limits. This European Standard is applicable to cranes which are manufactured after the date of approval by CEN of this standard and serves as reference base for the European Standards for particular crane types. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole o

30、r in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13001-2, Crane safety General design Pa

31、rt 2: Load actions EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery General principles for design Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010) ISO 2394, General principles on reliability for structures ISO 4306-1:2007, Cranes Vocabulary Part 1: General 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.

32、1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and, for the definitions of loads, in ISO 4306-1:2007, Clause 6, and the following apply. BS EN 13001-1:2015EN 13001-1:2015 (E) 6 3.2 Symbols and abbreviations The symbols and abbreviation

33、s used in this part of EN 13001 are given in Table 1. Table 1 Symbols and abbreviations Symbols, abbreviations Description adm Allowable (admissible) stress C Total number of working cycles iC Number of working cycles where a load i is handled rC Number of working cycles of task r 0Dh to 9Dh Classes

34、 of average linear displacement linX for hoisting 0Dt to 9Dt Classes of average linear displacement linX for traversing (trolley) 0Dc to 9Dc Classes of average linear displacement linX for travelling (crane) 0Da to 5Da Classes of average angular displacement angX if Characteristic loads including dy

35、namic factors jF Combined loads from load combination j (limit state method) jF Combined loads from load combination j (allowable stress method) km Stress spectrum factor, based on m of detail under consideration kQ Load spectrum factor rkQ Load spectrum factor for task r lim D Limit in damage calcu

36、lation lim Limit design stress m Inverse slope of the log a /log N curve n Total number of stress cycles ijn Number of stress cycles of class ij ( )ijrn Number of stress cycles of class ij occurring each time task r is carried out ri rj,nn Service frequency of position i or j n ( R or m ) Number of

37、stress cycles with stress amplitude a ( R or m ) in ( R or m ) Number of stress cycles with amplitude a,i ( R or m ) N Number of stress cycles to failure by fatigue DN Number of cycles at reference point BS EN 13001-1:2015EN 13001-1:2015 (E) 7 Symbols, abbreviations Description pAverage number of ac

38、celerations P ,0Pto 3PClasses of average numbers of accelerations p 0Qto 5QClasses of load spectrum factors kQ Q Maximum value of rQ for all tasks r iQ Magnitude of load i rQ Maximum load for task r dR Characteristic resistance of material, connection or component R Stress ratio s Stress history par

39、ameter 02S to 9S Classes of stress history parameters s kS Load effect in section k of a member (limit state method) kSLoad effect in section k of a member (allowable stress method) 0,UUto 9UClasses of total numbers of working cycles C ri rj,xx Displacement of the drive under consideration to serve

40、position i or j rxAverage displacement during task r lin ang,XX Average linear or angular displacement 12, Angles between horizontal line and lines of constant N in the am plane r Relative number of working cycles for task r f Overall safety factor m Resistance coefficient n Risk coefficient p Parti

41、al safety factor p Reduced partial safety factor Relative total number of stress cycles aStress amplitude a(R), a (R) Stress amplitude, maximum stress amplitude for constant stress ratio R a(m), a (m) Stress amplitude, maximum stress amplitude for constant mean stress ma,iStress amplitude of range i

42、 BS EN 13001-1:2015EN 13001-1:2015 (E) 8 Symbols, abbreviations Description bLower extreme value of stress cycle l Design stress in element l (limit state method) l Design stress in element l (allowable stress method) 1l Stresses in element l resulting from Sk(limit state method) 1l Stresses in elem

43、ent l resulting from kS (allowable stress method) 2l Stresses in element l arising from local effects (limit state method) 2l Stresses in element l arising from local effects (allowable stress method) mMean stress m,jMean stress of range j uUpper extreme value of stress cycle iDynamic factors 4 Safe

44、ty requirements and/or measures 4.1 General Cranes shall conform to the safety requirements and/or measures of this clause. Hazards not covered in EN 13001 (all parts) may be covered by other general requirements for all types of cranes and/or by specific requirements for particular types of cranes,

45、 as given in the standards listed in Annex A. In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100 for hazards relevant but not significant which are not dealt with by the above mentioned standards. 4.2 Proof calculation 4.2.1 General principles The objective of thi

46、s calculation is to prove theoretically that a crane, taking into account the service conditions agreed between the user, designer and/or manufacturer, as well as the states during erection, dismantling and transport, has been designed in conformance to the safety requirements to prevent mechanical

47、hazards. The proof of competence according to the EN 13001 series shall be carried out by using the general principles and methods appropriate for this purpose and corresponding with the recognized state of the art in crane design. Alternatively, advanced and recognized theoretical or experimental m

48、ethods may be used in general, provided that they conform to the principles of this standard. Hazards can occur if extreme values of load effects or their histories exceed the corresponding limit states. To prevent these hazards with a margin of safety, it shall be shown that the calculated extreme

49、values of load effects from all loads acting simultaneously on a crane and multiplied with an adequate partial safety coefficient, as well as the estimated histories of load effects, do not exceed their corresponding limit states at any critical point of the crane. For this purpose the limit state method, and where applicable the allowable stress method, is used in accordance with international and European design codes. BS EN 13001-1:2015EN 13001-1:2015 (E) 9 The analysis of load actions from ind