EN 1228-1996 en Plastics Piping Systems - Glass-Reinforced Thermosetting Plastics (GRP) Pipes - Determination of Initial Specific Ring Stiffness《塑料管道系统 玻璃纤维增强热固塑料(GFK) 特殊初始环状刚性的测算》.pdf

《EN 1228-1996 en Plastics Piping Systems - Glass-Reinforced Thermosetting Plastics (GRP) Pipes - Determination of Initial Specific Ring Stiffness《塑料管道系统 玻璃纤维增强热固塑料(GFK) 特殊初始环状刚性的测算》.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《EN 1228-1996 en Plastics Piping Systems - Glass-Reinforced Thermosetting Plastics (GRP) Pipes - Determination of Initial Specific Ring Stiffness《塑料管道系统 玻璃纤维增强热固塑料(GFK) 特殊初始环状刚性的测算》.pdf（11页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、STD-BSI BS EN 1228-ENGL 1777 1bZLibbS Obb273 853 W BRITISH STANDARD Plastics piping systems - Glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes - Determination of initial specific ring stiffness * o * The European Standard EN 1228 : 1996 has the status of a British Standard ICs 23.040.20 NO COPYIN

2、G WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN 1228 : 1997 BS 2782 : Part 12 : Methods 1214A and B : 1997 STD-BSI BS EN 1226-ENGL 1977 Lb2qbb9 Rbb274 79T BS EN 1228 : 1997 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standmd was entrusted to T

3、echnical Committee PRU61, Plastics piping systems and components, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Gas plc British Piastics Federation British Plumbing Fithngc Manufacturem Association British Valve and Actuator Manufacturers Association Chartered Institution of Water and En

4、vironmental Management Department of the Environment (British Board of Agrment) Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of ?i.ansport Electricity Association Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Health and Safety Executive Institute of Budding Control Instit

5、ute of Materials Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Gas Engineers National Association of Plumbing, Heating and Mechanical Services Contractors Pipeline Industries Guild Plastics Land Drainage Manufactures Association Society of British Gas Industries Society of British Water Industries W

6、ater Companies Association Water Services Association of England and Wales The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and panels Association of Consulting Engineers Engineering Equipment and Materiah Users Association Institution of Mechanical E

7、ngineers WRA Technology Ltd. This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Materiais and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 April 1997 O BSI 1997 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. IDate

8、ITextaffected The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard Committee reference PRU61 Draft for comment 934313470 DC ISBN O 68 26814 4 STDnBSI BS EN 1228-ENGL 1777 Lb24bb7 ObObZ75 b2b BS EN 1228 : 1997 Contents page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Fo

9、reword 2 Method 1 Scope 3 2 Definitions 3 3 Principle 3 4 Apparatus 3 6 Testpiece 4 6 Conditioning 5 7 Procedure 5 8 Calculation 6 9 Test report 6 Figures 2 3 1 Schematic diagcam of the test arrangement 4 Method A: Load and corresponding deflection versus time using loading condition b) 5 Method B D

10、eflection and corresponding load versus time using loading condition a) 6 * * rn O BSI 1997 i STD-BSI BS EN 1228-ENGL 1777 D Lb29bb7 ObOb27b 5b2 BS EN 1228 : 1997 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee PRY61 and is the English language version of EN 1228 : 1

11、996 plastics piping systems - Glass-winforced Uzennosetting plastics (GRP) pipes - Determination of initial specific ring stiflms, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It is incorporated into BS 2782 Methods of testing plastics : Part 12 : Reinforced plastics pipes, fitting

12、s and valves, as Methods 1214A and B : 1997, for association with related test methods for plastics materials and plastics piping components, where method 1214A corresponds to method A of EN 1228 (using constant load) and method 1214B corresponds to method B of EN 1228 (using constant deflection). T

13、his standard has been prepared for reference by other standards under preparation by CEN for specification of reinforced plastics piping systems and components. It has been implemented to enable experience of the methods to be gained and for use for other fresh applications. It is also for use for t

14、he revision or amendment of other national stan- as practicable, but it should not be presumed to apply to any existing standard or specification which contains or makes reference to a Werent test method until that standardspecification has been amended or revised to make reference to this method an

15、d adjust any requirements as appropriate. No existing British Standard is superseded by this Method. This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 13 and a back cover. Warning note. This British standard, which is identical with EN 1228 : 1996, does not nec

16、essarily detail all the precautions necessary to meet the requirements of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974. Attention should be paid to any appropriate safety precautions and the method should be operated only by trained personnel. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself con

17、fer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside f-ont cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. STD-BSI BS EN L228-ENGL 1997 W Lb24bbS OhOb277 4T9 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1228 NORME EUR0PEE”E EUR

18、OP - materialdependent or performance requirements are not given; - editorial changes have been introduced. “he materialdependent test parameters andor performance requirements are incorporated in the referring standard. This standard is one of a series of standards on test methods which support Sys

19、tem Standards for plastics piping systems and ducting systems. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 1996, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by

20、 December 1996. According to the CENKENELEC Internai Regulations, the national standards organizations of the foliowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: AustSia, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Port

21、ugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. O BSI 1997 STD.BS1 BS EN 1228-ENGL I997 lb29bb9 Obb279 271 Page 3 EN 1228 : 1996 1 Scope This standard specifies methods for determjning the initiai specific ring stifhess of glassreinforced thermosethg plastics (GRP) pipes. Two methods are gi

22、ven and within the specified deflection hits each is equally valid and may be used for any diameter. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply: 2.1 compressive load (F) The load applied to a pipe to cause a diametric deflection. It is expressed in newtons. 2.2

23、deflection (y) The change in diameter of a pipe in response to a diametric compressive load (see 2.1). It is expressed in metres. 2.3 relative deflection (y/ de is the average of the measured external diameters (see 6.3.3), in metres; e is the average of the measured wall thicknesses of the pipe (se

24、e 6.3.2), in metres. 2.6 specific ring stiffness (S) A physical characteristic of the pipe which is a measure of the resistance to ring deflection under external load. This chasacteristic is determined by testing and is defined, in newtons per square metre, by the equation: EXI s= where: E is the ap

25、parent modulus of elasticity as determined in the ring stiffness test, in newtons per square metre; method B: After applying the load to achieve the initiai deflection specified in the referring standard, the deflection is kept constant for a period of time and the final load being applied at the en

26、d of this period is determined. NOTE. It is assumed that the following test parameters are set by the standard making reference to this standard: a) the method for determining the initial specific ring stiffness (see 2.6); b) the length of the test piece (see 6.1); c) the number of test pieces (see

27、6.2); d) if applicable, conditioning of the test piece (see clause 6);. e) for method B, the relative deflection to be applied (see 7.3.3) 4 Apparatus 4.1 Compressive loading machine, comprising a system capable of applying a controlled rate of compression (suitable for methods A or B) or a dead wei

28、ght loading system (suitable for method A only), without shock, through two parallel load application surfaces conforming to 4.2 so that a horizontally orientated test piece of pipe conforming to clause 6 cam be compressed verticay. The accuracy of loading shall be f 1 % of the maximum indicated loa

29、d. O BSI 1997 STD-BSI BS EN L228-ENGL 1997 1b24bb7 UbOb280 T73 Page 4 EN 1228 : 1996 4.2 Load application surfaces 4.2.1 General arrangement The surfaces shaii be provided by a pair of plates (see 4.2.2), or a pair of beam bars (see 4.2.3), or a combination of one such plate and one such bar, with t

30、heir major axes perpendicular to and centred on the direction of application of load F by the compressive loading machine, as shown in figure 1. The surfaces to be in contact with the test piece shall be fiat, smooth, clean and parailel. Plates and beam bars shall have a length at least equal to the

31、 test piece (see clause 5) and have a thickness such that visible deformation does not occur during the test. 4.2.2 Plates The plate(s) shall have a width of at least 100 mm. 4.2.3 Beam bars Each beam bar shaii have rounded edges, a flat face (see figure 1) without sharp edges and a width dependent

32、upon the pipe as follows: a) for pipes with a nominal size not greater than DN 300 the width shall be (20 f 2) mm; b) for pipes of nominal sizes greater than DN 300 the width shall be (50 5) mm. The beam bars shaii be so constructed and supported that no other surface of the beam bar simcture shall

33、come into contact with the test piece during the test. 4.3 Dimensional measuring devices, capable of determjning - the necessary dimensions Qength, diameter, wall thickness) to an accuracy of within f 0,1 mm; - the deflection of the test piece in the vertical direction to an accuracy of within f 1,0

34、 % of the maximum value. 5 “kst piece 6.1 Preparation The test piece shall be a complete ring cut from the pipe to be tested. The length of the test piece shall be as specified in the referring standard, with permissible deviations off 5 %. The cut ends shall be smooth and perpendicular to the axis

35、of the pipe. Stsaight lines, to serve as reference lines, shall be dram on the inside or the outside along the length of the test piece at 60“ intewals around its circumference. 6.2 Number The number of test pieces shall be as specified in the referring standard 5.3 Determination of the dimensions 5

36、.3.1 Length Measure the length of the test piece along each reference line to an accuracy of 0,2 mm. Calculate the average length, L, in metres, of the test piece from the six measured values. 5.3.2 Wall thickness Measure to within f 0,2 mm the wall thickness of the test piece at each end of each re

37、ference line. Calculate the average wall thickness, e, as the average of the 12 measured values, in metres. 5.3.3 Mean diameter Measure to an accuracy of within f 0,5 mm either of the following: a) the intend diameter, 4, of the test piece between each diametrically opposed pair of reference lines a

38、t their mid-length, e.g. by means of a caliper; b) the external diameter, de, of the test piece at the mid-points of the reference lines, e.g. by means of a circumferential wrap steel tape. Calculate the mean diameter, d., of the test piece using the values obtajned for wall thickness and either the

39、 internai or the external diameter (see 2.4). I F Plate W U rnd Itenat sutace F Plate loadng Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the test arrangement O BSI 1997 Page 6 EN 1228 : 1996 6 Conditioning Unless otherwise specified by the referring standard, store the test pieces for at least 0,5 h at the test

40、temperature (see 7.1) prior to testing. 7 Procedure 7.1 Test temperature Conduct the foiiowing procedure at the temperature specified in the referring standard. 7.2 Positioning of the test piece Place the test piece in the apparatus with a pair of diarnetridy opposed reference hes in contact with th

41、e plate(s) andor beam bar(s). Ensure that the contact between the test piece and each plate or beam bar is as uniform as possible and that the plate(s) andor beam bar(s) are not tilted lakrally 7.3 Application of load and measurement of deflection 7.3.1 General Cany out a test at each pair of refere

42、nce lines (see 6.1). Allow the test piece to recover between each test In case of dispute, allow 15 min between each test. 7.3.2 Method A: Using constant load Apply the compressive load under one of the folowjng conditions: a) at a substantially constant rate so that a rel 0,05 0,04 0,03 0,02 Yld, F

43、 IN1 I I I I I I I I I I O 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 43 5 t min Figure 2, Method A: Load and corresponding deflection versus time using loading condition b) Q BSI 1997 Page 6 EN 1228 : 1996 I I l I Relative dofledon, I y/dm = constant I I I I I I I I I I I o,= - 0.04 0.W - 0.02 - 0.01 O Figure 3. Meth

44、od B: Deflection and corresponding load versus time using loading condition a) 7.3.3 Method B: Using constant b) in three stages of loading. Keep this deflection constant for 2 min and at the end of this period determine and record the deflection and the load. NOTE. An estimate of the compressive lo

45、ad required to achieve a relative deflection can be made from knowledge of the nominal stiffness (SN). 8 Calculation Calculate the initial specinc ring stiffness, So, for each of the three positions using the following equation: where: f is the deflection coefficient f= (1860 + (2500 X y/ c) the dim

46、ensions of each test piece; d) the number of test pieces; e) the positions in the pipe from which the test pieces were obtained; f) the equipment details, including whether beam bars and/or plates were used; g) the test temperature; h) the test method used, i.e. method A or B, and the load applicati

47、on condition a) orb) (see 7.3); i) the individual values for loads and corresponding deflections used to calculate the initial specific rhg stiffness; j) the initial specific ring stiffries of each test piece; k) any factors which may have affected the results, such as any incidents or any operathg

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