EN 1176-1-2008 en Playground equipment and surfacing - Part 1 General safety requirements and test methods《游乐场设备和铺面 第1部分 一般安全性要求和试验方法》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1176-1:2008Incorporating corrigendum August 2008Playground equipment and surfacing Part 1: General safety requirements and test methodsICS 97.200.40g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g4

2、0g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 1176-1:2008This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 64112 1National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation

3、of EN 1176-1:2008. It supersedes BS EN 1176-1:1998 which will be withdrawn on 31 May 2009.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee SW/65, Childrens playground equipment.Attention is drawn to BS EN 1176-1:2008, Clause 4.2.8.5.2 Note 1 and the use, within the UK, of

4、 natural grass as playground surfacing. The UK committee, following representation from the national Play Safety Forum, offer the subsequent guidance. This guidance is drawn from the experiences of the UK committee, and the experiences of other European organizations, in the application of BS EN 117

5、6-1:1998 over the past ten years.Grass is a low cost, readily available and environmentally friendly surface that is liked by children. It is visually attractive, easy to maintain and importantly for children, can, by increasing the uninterrupted playing surface of a playground, enhance opportunitie

6、s for incidental and unstructured play.Grass can, on playgrounds with a low intensity of use, be successfully used below and around play equipment, removing the necessity to install specialist Impact Attenuating Surfaces. The suitability of grass has to be determined locally by risk assessment. The

7、following criteria can form part of this assessment and will provide guidance as to whether grass is suitable for use. The maximum fall height of the equipment is less than 1,5 m. It should be assessed whether the grass has at least 150 mm of soil beneath it. (A reasonable evaluation may be made by

8、pushing vertically by hand into the ground a thin probe, such as a screwdriver, to a depth of 150 mm, at regular and frequent locations, without it being impeded by a high proportion of solids, such as stone, brick or tree roots.) It should be ensured that the grass remains throughout the year and d

9、oes not become mud or bare earth. Its impact absorbency is dependent upon the roots maintaining an uncompacted soil structure. This will need to be continually assessed following installation of equipment. Following completion of a satisfactory risk assessment including the three principal criteria

10、above, grass is suitable for use. However, operators may want to use other criteria they believe necessary to ensure the suitability of grass. Grass, even in low usage playgrounds, will not sustain intensive use; for example: beneath the central arc of a swing; the run out area of a slide; below a f

11、ire fighters pole; around the outside of a carousel; equipment access and exit points. For these relatively small high-wear areas, in order to meet the requirements of this standard, other surfaces to replace or prevent erosion of the grass are needed, taking care that no trip points or hard edges o

12、ccur. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments30 September 2008 Correction to national forewordBS EN 1176-1:2008iOperators and providers are advised that equipment conforming to EN 1176 require regular maintenance. Guidance on this and appropriate inspection, maintenance and opera

13、tion schedules are contained within BS EN 1176-7:2008.National standards have been published by BSI on childrens playground equipment since BS 3178 was first issued in 1959, this standard concentrated on specifications for specific types of equipment. It was replaced in 1979 by BS 5696 which switche

14、d focus to a design and safety approach. With the increasing introduction of overseas equipment BSI led the way by calling for a European Standard to address the conflicting safety advice and standards from other countries. This was published in 1999 as BS EN 1176 and further focused on the safety o

15、f playground equipment.All standards published by BSI are regularly assessed and this revision is part of the process, it takes into account new design concepts and the operating experience available to the standards committees.It is advised that the previous version of BS EN 1176 will not be withdr

16、awn until 31 May 2009 to give manufacturers time to amend their product lines.Playground equipment not complying with this revision should not automatically be considered as being unsafe or to require replacement. A risk assessment by competent persons should be used to determine what action, if any

17、, is necessary. Manufacturers and Inspectors of the Register of Play Inspectors International (RPII) are amongst those that will be able to assist in this. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include

18、all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.blankEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1176-1May 2008ICS 97.200.40 Supersedes EN 1176-1:1998 English VersionP

19、layground equipment and surfacing - Part 1: General safetyrequirements and test methodsEquipements et sols daires de jeux - Partie 1 : Exigencesde scurit et mthodes dessai gnralesSpielplatzgerte und Spielplatzbden - Teil 1: Allgemeinesicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und PrfverfahrenThis European

20、Standard was approved by CEN on 25 April 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning

21、 such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own langua

22、ge and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemb

23、ourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights o

24、f exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1176-1:2008: E2 Contents Page Foreword4 Introduction .6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions .8 4 Safety requirements 15 4.1 Materials .15 4.1.1 General15 4.1.2 Flammability.15 4.

25、1.3 Timber and associated products .15 4.1.4 Metals16 4.1.5 Synthetics.16 4.1.6 Dangerous substances .16 4.2 Design and manufacture.16 4.2.1 General16 4.2.2 Structural integrity.17 4.2.3 Accessibility for adults .18 4.2.4 Protection against falling18 4.2.5 Finish of equipment.22 4.2.6 Moving parts.2

26、2 4.2.7 Protection against entrapment.22 4.2.8 Protection against injuries during movement and falling .27 4.2.9 Means of access 38 4.2.10 Connections .40 4.2.11 Consumable components.40 4.2.12 Ropes 40 4.2.13 Chains .42 4.2.14 Foundations .42 4.2.15 Heavy suspended beams43 5 Test methods and report

27、s.44 6 Information to be provided by the manufacturer/supplier 45 6.1 Information to be provided by the manufacturer/supplier of playground equipment45 6.1.1 General product information 45 6.1.2 Pre-information 45 6.1.3 Installation information .45 6.1.4 Inspection and maintenance information .46 6.

28、2 Information to be provided by the manufacturer or supplier of impact-attenuating surfacing.47 6.2.1 Pre-information 47 6.2.2 Installation 47 6.2.3 Inspection and maintenance 47 6.2.4 Identification of impact-attenuating playground surfacing.47 7 Marking .48 7.1 Equipment identification.48 7.2 Basi

29、c level mark.48 Annex A (normative) Loads 49 A.1 Permanent loads49 A.2 Variable loads.49 A.3 Number of users on the equipment .54 Annex B (normative) Method of calculation of structural integrity56 B.1 General principles: Limit state .56 B.2 Load combinations for static analysis 57 BS EN 1176-1:2008

30、EN 1176-1:2008 (E) 3 B.3 Worked example of the calculation of user loads (without safety factors).58 B.4 Calculation of forces acting on a swing seat .61 B.5 Worked examples for forces acting on a swing (without safety factors)63 B.6 Calculation of forces acting on the cable of a cableway.64 B.7 Wor

31、ked example for forces acting on a cableway (without safety factors) 66 Annex C (normative) Physical testing of structural integrity .69 C.1 Pass/fail criteria .69 C.2 Test load for equipment69 C.3 Load application 70 C.4 Test report70 Annex D (normative) Test methods for entrapment 71 D.1 General .

32、71 D.2 Head and neck entrapment 71 D.3 Entrapment of clothing (Toggle test) 77 D.4 Finger entrapment.80 Annex E (informative) Overview of possible entrapment situations .83 Annex F (informative) Adeviations 85 F.1 General .85 F.2 France.85 F.3 Germany .85 Bibliography88 BS EN 1176-1:2008EN 1176-1:20

33、08 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 1176-1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 136 “Sports, playground and other recreational facilities and equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publi

34、cation of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC sha

35、ll not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1176-1:1998. This European Standard consists of a number of parts as follows: EN 1176-1, Playground equipment and surfacing Part 1: General safety requirements and test methods EN 1176-2, Playground

36、 equipment and surfacing Part 2: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for swings EN 1176-3, Playground equipment and surfacing Part 3: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for slides EN 1176-4, Playground equipment and surfacing Part 4: Additional specific saf

37、ety requirements and test methods for cableways EN 1176-5, Playground equipment and surfacing Part 5: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for carousels EN 1176-6, Playground equipment and surfacing Part 6 : Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for rocking equ

38、ipment EN 1176-7, Playground equipment and surfacing Part 7: Guidance on installation, inspection, maintenance and operation EN 1176-10, Playground equipment and surfacing Part 10: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for fully enclosed play equipment EN 1176-11, Playground equip

39、ment and surfacing Part 11: Additional specific safety requirements and test methods for spatial network This part of EN 1176 should be read in conjunction with: EN 1177:2008, Impact attenuating playground surfacing Determination of critical fall height. For inflatable play equipment see: EN 14960,

40、Inflatable play equipment Safety requirements and test methods. The principal changes from the previous edition of this part of EN 1176 are as follows. a) This part of EN 1176 now includes requirements for surfacing based on those that were previously specified in EN 1177. BS EN 1176-1:2008EN 1176-1

41、:2008 (E) 5 b) The inclusion of additional requirements for barriers and steep play elements. c) The requirements relating to entrapment are now for all age groups and the test for partially bound open-ings has been clarified, with new requirements included dependent on the angle of insertion. Accor

42、ding to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Repub-lic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latv

43、ia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1176-1:2008EN 1176-1:2008 (E) 6 Introduction It is not the purpose of the requirements of this standard to lessen the contribution that playg

44、round equipment makes to the childs development and/or play, which is meaningful from an educational point of view. This standard acknowledges the difficulties of addressing safety issues by age criteria alone because the abil-ity to handle risk is based on the individual users level of skills and n

45、ot by age. Also users other than the in-tended age range will almost certainly make use of the playground equipment. Risk-taking is an essential feature of play provision and of all environments in which children legitimately spend time playing. Play provision aims to offer children the chance to en

46、counter acceptable risks as part of a stimulating, challenging and controlled learning environment. Play provision should aim at managing the bal-ance between the need to offer risk and the need to keep children safe from serious harm. The principles of safety management are applicable both to workp

47、laces in general as well as to play provision. However, the balance between safety and benefits is likely to be different in the two environments. In play provision exposure to some degree of risk may be of benefit because it satisfies a basic human need and gives children the chance to learn about

48、risk and consequences in a controlled environment. Respecting the characteristics of childrens play and the way children benefit from playing on the playground with regard to development, children need to learn to cope with risk and this may lead to bumps and bruises and even occasionally a broken l

49、imb. The aim of this standard is first and foremost to prevent accidents with a disabling or fatal consequence, and secondly to lessen serious consequences caused by the occasional mis-hap that inevitably will occur in childrens pursuit of expanding their level of competence, be it socially, intellec-tually or physically. Refusal of admittance and access as a safety precaution is problematic due to, for example, breach in super-vision or help by peers. Requirements of significant importance, such as, for example, head and neck entrap-me