EN 1127-2-2014 en Explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection - Part 2 Basic concepts and methodology for mining《爆炸性环境 防爆和防护 第2部分 采矿的基本概念和方法》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 1127-2:2014Explosive atmospheres Explosion prevention and protectionPart 2: Basic concepts and methodology for miningBS EN 1127-2:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1127-2:2014. It supersedes BS EN 1127-2:2002+A1:

2、2008 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EXL/23, Explosion and fire precautions in industrial and chemical plant.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not pur

3、port to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 80561 5ICS 13.230; 73.100.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal

4、 obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 1127-2:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1127-2 June 2014 ICS 13.

5、230; 73.100.01 Supersedes EN 1127-2:2002+A1:2008English Version Explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection - Part 2: Basic concepts and methodology for mining Atmosphres explosives - Prvention de lexplosion et protection contre lexplosion - Partie 2: Notions fondamentales et mthodol

6、ogie dans lexploitation des mines Explosionsfhige Atmosphren - Explosionsschutz - Teil 2: Grundlagen und Methodik in Bergwerken This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 May 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for givin

7、g this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three offic

8、ial versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of

9、Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, S

10、weden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for

11、 CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1127-2:2014 EBS EN 1127-2:2014EN 1127-2:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 8 2 Normative references 9 3 Terms and definitions 10 4 Risk assessment . 11 4.1 General . 11 4.2 Identification of explosion hazards. 11 4.3 Identification of ignit

12、ion hazards 11 4.4 Estimation of the possible effects of an explosion . 11 5 Possible ignition sources 12 5.1 Hot surfaces 12 5.2 Flames and hot gases (including hot particles) 12 5.3 Mechanically generated sparks . 12 5.4 Electrical equipment . 12 5.5 Stray electric currents 12 5.6 Static electrici

13、ty 13 5.7 Lightning 13 5.8 Radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves from 104Hz to 3 1011Hz (high frequency) . 13 5.9 Electromagnetic waves from 3 1011Hz to 3 1015Hz . 13 5.10 Ionizing radiation 13 5.11 Ultrasonics 13 5.12 Adiabatic compression and shock waves . 13 5.13 Exothermic reactions, includ

14、ing self-ignition of dusts . 13 6 Risk reduction . 14 6.1 Fundamental principles . 14 6.2 Avoidance or reduction of explosive atmosphere 14 6.2.1 Process parameters . 14 6.2.2 Design and construction of equipment, protective systems and components containing flammable substances . 16 6.3 Classificat

15、ion of hazardous atmospheric conditions . 16 6.3.1 General . 16 6.3.2 Hazardous atmospheric conditions 17 6.4 Requirements for the design and construction of equipment, protective systems and components by avoidance of effective ignition sources 17 6.4.1 General . 17 6.4.2 Hot surfaces 18 6.4.3 Flam

16、es and hot gases 19 6.4.4 Mechanically generated sparks . 19 6.4.5 Electrical equipment . 20 6.4.6 Stray electric currents 20 6.4.7 Static electricity 20 6.4.8 Lightning 20 6.4.9 Radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves from 104Hz to 3 1011Hz 20 6.4.10 Electromagnetic waves from 3 1011Hz to 3 1015

17、Hz . 21 6.4.11 Ionizing radiation 22 BS EN 1127-2:2014EN 1127-2:2014 (E) 3 6.4.12 Ultrasonics . 22 6.4.13 Adiabatic compression and shock waves 22 6.4.14 Exothermic reactions, including self-ignition of dusts . 22 6.5 Requirements for design and construction of equipment, protective systems and comp

18、onents to reduce the explosion effects . 23 6.5.1 General . 23 6.5.2 Special equipment for underground mining. 23 6.6 Provisions for emergency measures 24 6.7 Principles for measuring and control systems for explosion prevention and protection . 24 7 Information for use 24 7.1 General . 24 7.2 Infor

19、mation for commissioning, maintenance and repair to prevent explosion 25 7.3 Qualifications and training . 26 Annex A (informative) Relation between categories and hazardous atmospheric conditions . 27 Annex B (normative) Tools for use in potentially explosive atmospheres . 28 Annex C (informative)

20、Significant technical changes between this document and the previous edition of this European Standard . 29 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 94/9/EC 30 Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard

21、and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC 31 Bibliography 32 BS EN 1127-2:2014EN 1127-2:2014 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 1127-2:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 305 “Potentially explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection”, the secretariat of

22、 which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2014 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2014. Attention is drawn to the

23、 possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1127-2:2002+A1:2008. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN b

24、y the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directives. For relationship with EU Directives, see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are an integral part of this document. EN 1127, Explosive atmospheres Explosion prevention and protec

25、tion is composed of the following parts: Part 1: Basic concepts and methodology Part 2: Basic concepts and methodology for mining (the present document) Annex C provides details of significant changes between this document and the previous edition. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations,

26、the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lat

27、via, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1127-2:2014EN 1127-2:2014 (E) 5 Introduction General CEN and CENELEC are producing a series of standards to assist designers, manufa

28、cturers and other interested bodies to interpret the essential safety requirements in order to achieve conformity with European legislation. Within this series of standards, CEN has undertaken to draw up a standard to give guidance in the field of explosion prevention and protection, as hazards from

29、 explosions are to be considered in accordance with EN ISO 12100. In accordance with EN ISO 12100, it is a type A standard. Special considerations for mining Explosions can result from: materials processed or used by the equipment and components, e.g. minerals obtained as part of the winning process

30、; materials released by the equipment and components; materials in the vicinity of the equipment, protective systems and components; materials of which the equipment, protective systems and components are constructed. As the explosion protection of equipment, protective systems and components depend

31、s on: the design and construction of the equipment, protective systems and components; the intended use; the foreseeable misuse; the ambient conditions; the materials extracted and handled. This standard also includes safety aspects related to these factors, i.e. it is imperative that the manufactur

32、er consider how and for what the equipment, protective systems and components will be used and take this into account during their design and construction. Only in this way can hazards inherent in equipment, protective systems and components be reduced. NOTE 1 This standard can also serve as a guide

33、 for users of equipment, protective systems and components when assessing the risk of explosion in the workplace and selecting the appropriate equipment, protective systems and components. Mines can be either gassy or non-gassy depending upon the mineral/material being extracted and whether or not f

34、iredamp can occur in the workings. It is usual practice to consider all coal mines as gassy mines. Non-coal mines can, however, also be susceptible to the occurrence of firedamp, e.g. if minerals/materials are being extracted in the vicinity of oil-bearing strata or unworked coal seams which are dis

35、turbed by the extraction process or mines susceptible to outbursts of flammable gas. In mines where flammable minerals/materials are extracted, there can also be a risk of explosions because small particles of the extracted product can be blown into the air to form dust/air mixtures able to support

36、rapid combustion. Combustible dust can either be an explosion risk on its own (when in the form of an explosive dust/air mixture), or it can settle in layers which may be blown from the floor and sides of the roadways by a BS EN 1127-2:2014EN 1127-2:2014 (E) 6 firedamp explosion. In the latter case,

37、 the explosive violence can increase many times as more and more fuel in the form of combustible dust is raised by a blast wave and added to the flame as it travels along the roadways. The risk of an explosive atmosphere occurring and its consequences will therefore vary from mine to mine, depending

38、 on the type of mine, its layout, the mineral being extracted and the likelihood of firedamp and/or combustible dust occurring. In coal mining, firedamp and coal dust naturally associated with the coal is released by the activity of the miners. Therefore, the potential explosion risk is greater as a

39、 result of explosive air/gas or air/dust mixtures forming that cannot be totally excluded by the preventive measures taken. Firedamp/air mixtures are usually diluted by the ventilation and evacuated to the surface via the mine workings so that the gas content in normal operation is kept far below th

40、e lower explosion limit. However, as a result of system malfunction (e.g. fan failure), sudden release of large gas quantities (gas outbursts) or intensified gas release caused by decreasing air pressure or by increased coal production, the permissible gas concentration thresholds may be exceeded. T

41、he explosive atmosphere caused in this way, even though limited in space and/or time, may cause a hazard not just at its point of origin but also in the escape roads, waste air paths and other connected mine structures in the mine layout. Coal dust/air mixtures are usually neutralized at the dust so

42、urce by water sprays, dust removal systems on heading machines and/or treating with inert dust in order to reduce the explosive potential. However, an explosion hazard can exist if explosive dust can become airborne, e.g. at transfer points, in bunkers and other conveying systems. In contrast to sur

43、face industries, in gassy mines electrical and non-electrical equipment and mining personnel are in permanent contact with gas and/or dust/air mixtures which, under unfavourable conditions, may constitute explosive atmospheres. Accordingly, particularly stringent safety requirements are in force for

44、 explosion protection and escape possibilities in the event of a hazard. Due to the possibly devastating effects of underground gas/dust explosions, underground mining is permitted only well outside the explosion range. In gassy mines, the decision as to whether or not mine workers can operate in a

45、particular workplace depends upon the atmospheric conditions prevailing at the time. Traditionally, a factor of safety is also introduced so that it is common practice throughout the European member states for equipment to be de-energized or made safe and for miners to be withdrawn from their workpl

46、ace if the atmospheric conditions attain a specific percentage of the lower explosion limit (LEL) of methane (firedamp) in air as defined by the relevant national legislation of the member states. NOTE 2 The current limit values for disconnecting equipment and withdrawing personnel are different in

47、each member state. Two different ranges of explosive atmospheres originating from the intended installation and use of the equipment are taken into account when dealing with requirements for Equipment Groups M 2 and M 1: potentially explosive atmosphere range between 0 % and below LEL or above UEL u

48、p to 100 % of firedamp in air; explosive atmosphere range between LEL and UEL of firedamp in air. In mine workings with explosive atmospheres, only M 1 equipment is acceptable as it has a very high level of protection. M 1 equipment, e.g. telephones or gas measuring equipment may continue to be oper

49、ated in explosive atmospheres, because they are safe even in the event of rare equipment faults. This is ensured by the existence of two independent protective measures or double fail-safe systems. In mine workings with potentially explosive atmospheres, both M 1 and M 2 equipment may be used. M 2 equipment may be used as it has a high level of protection and is suitable for the severe conditions in mining. In an explosive atmospheres, M 2 equipment needs to be capable of being disconnected or made safe. BS EN 1127-2:2014EN 1127-