EN 10218-1-2012 en Steel wire and wire products - General - Part 1 Test methods《钢丝和线材制品 概述 试验方法》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 10218-1:2012Steel wire and wire products GeneralPart 1: Test methodsBS EN 10218-1:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN

2、 10218-1:2012.It supersedes BS EN 10218-1:1994 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/106, Wire Rod and Wire.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport

3、to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012ISBN 978 0 580 62761 3ICS 77.140.65Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under t

4、he authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 10218-1:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 10218-1 January 2012 ICS 77.140.65 Supersedes EN 10218-1:1994English Version Steel wire and wire p

5、roducts - General - Part 1: Test methods Fils et produits trfils en acier - Gnralits - Partie 1 : Mthodes dessai Stahldraht und Drahterzeugnisse - Allgemeines - Teil 1: Prfverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 September 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC I

6、nternal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to

7、any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official

8、 versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovaki

9、a, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worl

10、dwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 10218-1:2012: EBS EN 10218-1:2012EN 10218-1:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Tensile test .53.1 General 53.2 Type of samples .53.3 Preparation of test piece .53.4 Cross-sectional area .53.5 Method of gripping 53.6 Tensi

11、le test on knotted wire .54 Simple torsion test.55 Reverse bend test 56 Wrapping test .67 Bend test .68 Reverse torsion test 69 Compression test.69.1 Purpose .69.2 Principle 610 Deep etch test 610.1 Purpose .610.2 Principle 611 Hardness test .712 Quench hardenability test .713 Fatigue test (bend and

12、 axial) 714 Wire cast measurement 714.1 General 714.2 Circular cast .814.3 Helix cast 914.3.1 General 914.3.2 Method A .914.3.3 Method B .914.4 Spiral cast 1015 Artificial ageing . 1116 Decarburization test . 1117 Non-destructive tests . 1118 Grain size test . 1119 Segregation test 1120 Non-metallic

13、 inclusion test 1121 Chemical analysis . 1122 Retests . 11BS EN 10218-1:2012EN 10218-1:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 10218-1:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ECISS/TC 106 “Wire rod and wires”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the

14、status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subje

15、ct of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 10218-1:1994. The standard will comprise the following parts: Part 1: Test methods; Part 2: Wire dimensions and tolerances. According to the CEN/CENELEC In

16、ternal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Lux

17、embourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 10218-1:2012EN 10218-1:2012 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the methods for the general testing of steel wire and wire products which ha

18、ve been cold worked, annealed or oil hardened and tempered and/or coated and are of constant cross section, either round, or special section. It includes tensile testing, torsion testing, reverse bend testing, wrapping test, bend test, reverse torsion test, compression test, deep etch test, hardness

19、 test, quench hardenability test, fatigue test, wire cast measurement, artificial ageing, decarburization test, non-destructive tests, grain size tests, segregation test, non-metallic inclusion test and chemical analysis. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable fo

20、r the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 10021, General technical delivery conditions for steel products EN 10247, Micrographic examination of

21、 the non-metallic inclusion content of steels using standard pictures CEN/TR 10261, Iron and steel Review of available methods of chemical analysis EN ISO 377, Steel and steel products Location and preparation of samples and test pieces for mechanical testing (ISO 377:1997) EN ISO 643, Steels Microg

22、raphic determination of the apparent grain size (ISO 643:2003) EN ISO 3887, Steels Determination of depth of decarburization (ISO 3887:2003) EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test method (ISO 6506-1:2005) EN ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials Rockwell hardness test Part 1:

23、Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) (ISO 6508-1:2005) EN ISO 6508-2, Metallic materials Rockwell hardness test Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) (ISO 6508-2:2005) EN ISO 6508-3, Metallic materials Rockwell hardness test

24、 Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) (ISO 6508-3:2005) EN ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 1: Method of test at room temperature EN ISO 6892-2, Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 2: Method of test at elevated temperature EN ISO 161

25、20-1, Non-alloy steel wire rod for conversion to wire Part 1: General requirements ISO 7800, Metallic materials Wire Simple torsion test ISO 7801, Metallic materials Wire Reverse bend test ISO 7802, Metallic materials Wire Wrapping test ISO 9649, Metallic materials Wire Reverse torsion test BS EN 10

26、218-1:2012EN 10218-1:2012 (E) 5 3 Tensile test 3.1 General The tensile test shall be in accordance with EN ISO 6892-1 for testing at ambient temperature and EN ISO 6892-2 for testing at elevated temperature with the modifications specified in 3.2 to 3.6. NOTE For fine wires 0,5 mm diameter or less,

27、any requirements for elongation values should not be mandatory but for information only. 3.2 Type of samples Samples shall be selected in accordance with EN ISO 377 using the full cross section, i.e. be an unmachined portion of wire. 3.3 Preparation of test piece The test piece shall be straightened

28、 with care so as not to cause damage (see EN ISO 6892-1 and EN ISO 377). 3.4 Cross-sectional area In EN ISO 6892-1, the actual dimensions are used for tensile calculations but the nominal dimensions may be used if specified in the product standard or order. For non-circular wire, the original cross-

29、sectional area may be determined from the mass of known length and its appropriate density. 3.5 Method of gripping To avoid breakages of the wire at the gripping zone, when testing the smaller diameters less than or equal to 1 mm, it is recommended the wire ends are wrapped round a circular bar or d

30、isc and fastened. 3.6 Tensile test on knotted wire The tensile test on knotted wire shall be carried out in accordance with EN ISO 6892-1 with a simple knot approximately in the middle of the test piece. 4 Simple torsion test The simple torsion test shall be in accordance with ISO 7800. In this even

31、t of initial failure, a retest shall be carried out (see EN 10021). Where possible, the retest shall be conducted at a speed conforming to requirements of ISO 7800 (as a function of wire diameter). Where the fracture in the torsion test is required to be characterized, it shall be done on the basis

32、of Table 1. NOTE For small diameter wires, it may not be possible to make a distinction between some of the classes in Table 1 (e.g. 2b versus 3b). 5 Reverse bend test The reverse bend test shall be in accordance with ISO 7801 with the following amendment for automatic counters. BS EN 10218-1:2012EN

33、 10218-1:2012 (E) 6 If the testing machine has an automatic counter operating at the limit stops, then the first bend down through 90 counts as one bend and the second bend is represented by the 180 bend in the opposite direction. The last figure obtained before fracture occurs counts as the number

34、of bends. 6 Wrapping test The wrapping test shall be in accordance with ISO 7802 and may be applied to assess coilability, ductility or the adherence of coatings as specified in the relevant product standard. 7 Bend test The bend test comprises bending the wire, which is allowed to move freely over

35、a mandrel of specified diameter through a specified angle in one operation at ambient temperature. Details will be given in the relevant product standard. 8 Reverse torsion test The reverse torsion test shall be in accordance with ISO 9649 with the following amendment: The test shall be used to dete

36、ct surface defects as well as to assess ductility. 9 Compression test 9.1 Purpose The purpose of the test is to detect surface defects. This test is not suitable for wires of less than 4,0 mm diameter. 9.2 Principle A straight test pieces of wire equal in length to 1 (or 1,5 times), the diameter of

37、the wire is cut, with cuts at right angles to the wire axis. The test piece is placed on a flat surface of a compression machine and compressed at room temperature in the direction of the wire axis to a specified percentage of it original length. The compressed test piece is examined for surface cra

38、cking. The degree of acceptability is specified in the product standard. 10 Deep etch test 10.1 Purpose The deep etch test is used for the detection of surface defects. 10.2 Principle A cold test piece is suitably degreased where appropriate. The test piece which has undergone deformation by drawing

39、 is washed and dried and in the case of high carbon steel, the test piece is stress relieved at 400 C to 500 C for 15 min and allowed to cool to ambient temperature before etching. With the exception of test pieces greater than 5,00 mm and test pieces of annealed structures, the test piece is immers

40、ed in a solution of 50 % by volume concentrated hydrochloridric acid and 50 % by volume of water, at a minimum temperature of 60 C for a period of time equivalent to 2 s for every 0,025 mm of diameter with a maximum of 5 min. Test pieces greater than 5,00 mm and test pieces of annealed structures ma

41、y be left in the solution for 10 min. BS EN 10218-1:2012EN 10218-1:2012 (E) 7 The test piece is examined for surface defects. To ascertain the depth of defect, the test piece is filed until the defect disappears, the difference in thickness before and after filing being recorded as the defect depth.

42、 For a definitive assessment of a defect, optical micrographical analysis shall be used. 11 Hardness test Hardness test shall be in accordance with EN ISO 6506-1 or EN ISO 6508 (Part 1 to Part 3) as specified in the product standard or in the order. A distinction should be made between surface hardn

43、ess, core hardness and through hardness. NOTE There is no relevant relationship between hardness and tensile strength. 12 Quench hardenability test The test pieces for the quench hardening test shall be heated in neutral or reducing furnace atmosphere up to the austenitising temperature specified fo

44、r the steel type, and maintained at this temperature until they are completely austenitised. They shall then be taken out of the furnace and promptly quenched down, in a high-duty quenching oil, to complete temperature equalization. The high-duty quenching oil shall be at a temperature of (50 10) C,

45、 be of sufficient volume and agitated such that together with the speed of immersion, the test pieces shall achieve the temperature of the quenching medium without significant delay. The hardness test shall be carried out in accordance with Clause 11 on a suitably prepared test piece. A distinction

46、should be made between core hardness and through hardness. In case of dispute, reference to the Jominy value of the original feedstock shall be made for the particular steel. 13 Fatigue test (bend and axial) The tests to be applied for wire are an axial fatigue test or a rotating bend fatigue test a

47、nd within the scope of these tests, there are a number of variations. The subsequent interpretation of the test results of any one test should be carefully considered in relation to the results obtained from another test. Such is the complexity of interpretation, that specific references will appear

48、 in the appropriate product standard. 14 Wire cast measurement 14.1 General 14.1.1 The cast of wire is characterised by the diameter of the free laying unrestrained wap of wire taken from coil or reel. For coil, ends can be together (closed cast) or apart (open cast). NOTE For the purposes of this s

49、tandard, the terms “coil“, “reel“, “spool“ and “bobbin“ are synonymous. 14.1.2 Sufficient wire from a coil or reel is cut off to produce a full free wap (single convolution of wire) ensuring that it is not bent or damaged (see Figure 1). BS EN 10218-1:2012EN 10218-1:2012 (E) 8 Key 1 Take several waps (convolutions of wire) and at one point cut the sample to provide an unrestrained wap Figure 1 Sampling of wire 14.1.3 The test speci