EIA-512-1-1990 Standard Methods for Measurement of the Equivalent Electrical Parameters of Quartz Crystal Units 1 kHz to 1 GHz (Addendum No 1 to EIA-512).pdf
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1、r I a In I w l- a - EIA 532-3 90 W 3234b00 0072873 8 = APPROVED: November 12, 1990 EIA STANDARD Standard Methods dor Measurement of the Equivalent Electrical Parameters of Quartz Crystal Units, 1 kHz to 1 GHz EIA-512-6 (Addendum No. 1 to EIA-512) DECEMBER 1990 ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION ENGIN
2、EERING DEPARTMENT EIA 512-1 90 3234b00 0072872 T W D b NOTICE EIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting th
3、e purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for his particular need. Existence of such Standards and Publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or nonmember of EL4 from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards and Publications
4、, nor shall the existence of such Standards and Publications preclude their voluntary use by those other than EIA members, whether the standard is to be used either domestically or internationally. Recommended Standards and Publications are adopted by EL4 without regard to whether their adoption may
5、 involve patents on articles, materials, or processes. By such action, ETA does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Recommended Standard or Publication. This EIA Standard is considered to have International Standardization
6、implication, but the International Electrotechnical Commission activity has not progressed to the point where a valid comparison between the EIA Standard and the IEC document can be made. This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulato
7、ry requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Standards Proposal No. 2200 formulated under the cognizance of the EIA P-11 Committee on Quar
8、tz Crystals.) COPYRIGHT 1991 Published by ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION Engineering Department 2001 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006 PRICE: Please refer to the current Catalog of EIA even users who buy “complete“ measurement systems, which include equipment, fixtures, and software,
9、 must still be aware of how to make accurate measurements and how to verify system performance. This guide will provide the needed information to do so, EIA-512 is complete in describing scattering parameter (S-parameter) theory, error correction techniques and in deriving the quartz crystal electri
10、cal parameter equations. For that reason, no attempt is made to review or summarize the standard. Instead, only information that adds to the understanding and use of the standard is included in the guide. Some material from the IECs Technical Committee No. 49 document, “A Guide To The Measurement of
11、 Equivalent Parameters Of Quartz Crystal Units“ was used in preparing this guide. EIA 512-1 90 W 3234600 0072875 5 M EIA-5 12 - 1 Page 2 2.0 OVERVIEW OF MEASUREMENT METHODS 2.1 EQUIVALENT NETWORKS A proper equivalent circuit should represent the entire crystal unit as seen from the reference plane a
12、t the test fixture. It should include all the effects of leads, mountings and enclosure. It should also include crystal parameter dependency on frequency, drive level, and temperature. The effects of any mechanically or electrically coupled modes should be taken into account. Except for any nonlinea
13、r amplitude behavior, a quartz crystal unit can be quite accurate1 represented by the equivalent circuit in Figure 2.1 A description of each circuit element I ollows: cPl The electrical surrounding ground planes. capacitance between each connecting pin and the The electrical capacitance between the
14、pins. The equivalent resistances of the mounting structure. The electrical capacitance between the two electrodes. The electrical capacitances between the electrodes and the surrounding ground planes. The resistance between the electrodes. cPP Rpl, Rp2 Ce Ce19Ce2 RS I The equivalent electrical param
15、eters of the design mode of resonance. R,N, L,N, C1,N The equivalent electrical parameters of other modes of resonance. here so that the user is aware that complete characterization of a quartz crystal requires careful interpretation of measurements. The frequency and quality of the unit under test
16、should be taken into account. Fortunately, this degree of sophistication is seldom needed. The circuit is reproduced For most applications the following conditions are valid: a) Within a couple of percent frequency range of the mode of interest, there are no effects of interfering modes. Stated anot
17、her way, R1, L1, C1 are constant over the frequency range of interest. b) $1 =RPl2+ ($1)/ and Xp2=Rp22+ are each much less than XI = R12+ (wL1- l/wCl) 3 2 1/2 -EIA 512-1 90 3234600 0072876 7 W (This condition should be checked for frequencies above 300 MHz.) c) R, Xi The following terms can be combi
18、ned: EIA- 5 12 - 1 Page 3 e) Co = Ce + Cpp This results in the simplified equivalent circuit of Figure 2.2a for a two-port, three terminal quartz crystal. For a one-port measurement, the stray capacitances are combined with Co and the equivalent circuit can be represented as shown in Figure 2.2b. Th
19、is circuit representation is also used for glass enclosed quartz crystals regardless of whether the two-port or one-port method is used. Since the stray capacitances will differ in each case, the values of Co will not be the same. (Fs) (the series resonance frequency of the series arm) is relatively
20、 independent of Co and any stray capacitance, it should be used to correlate EIA-512 one-port and two-port d measurements. When selecting crystals to correlate other measurement systems, select those units that do not show motional parameter dependency on small variations in drive level. Also select
21、 units that exhibit a good circle fit in the admittance plane. A good fit guarantees that there are no interfering modes of vibration over the frequency range used for the measurement. Units that are not “well behaved“ cannot be represented by the simplified equivaIent network. They can still be mea
22、sured using EIA-512 but attempts to correlate these measurements with other test systems will yield erroneous results. 2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MEASUREMENT SYSEMS In the general case the quartz crystal unit must be treated as a three terminal network the third terminal being in the typical case a metal
23、 enclosure, which should be grounded. Three types of connection of the crystal unit are possible : -One-port (two-terminal) in which one of the pins (leads) is grounded while the enclosure is floating; -One-port (two-terminal) in which one of the pins (leads) is grounded and the enclosure is also gr
24、ounded; a -Two-port (three-terminal connection in which only the enclosure is grounded. EIA 512-1 90 3234b00 0072877 9 EIA-512-1 Page 4 The true values of the motional arms of the quartz crystal unit equivalent circuit (for the main resonance : series resonance frequency Fs, motional resistance R1 a
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