DOD MIL-HDBK-850-1994 GLOSSARY OF MAPPING CHARTING AND GEODESY TERMS《地图 海图和测量学术语表》.pdf

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1、MIL-HDBK-6.50 9999970 OLL201 037 NOT MEASUREMENT SENSITIV E MIL=H D B K-850 31 Januarv 1994 SUPERSEDING GLOSXMCGTERMS FOURTH EDITION 1981 MILITARY HANDBOOK Glossary of Mapping, Charting, and Geodetic Terms AMSC NIA AREA MCGT DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unli

2、mited. Provided by IHS Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-MIL-HDBK-850 9999970 0171202 T73 MI L-HDBK-850 FOREWORD 1. This military handbook is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense. 2. Beneficial comments (reco

3、mmendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to: DMA(TIJ), Stop A-10, 8613 Lee Highway, Fairfax, Virginia, 22031 -2137, by using the Standardization Document Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document

4、or by letter. 3. The purpose of this glossary is to provide a comprehensive and authoritative source of current usage of mapping, charting, and geodetic terms for all levels of users to help them communicate effectively. This edition of the glossary in addition to the main glossary of terms, include

5、s a list of MC horizontal parallax; linear parallax; parallax; stereoscopic parai lax; x-paral lax. abnormal magnetic varlation-Any absolute term-A term (usually only one) in an anomalous deflection, whose cause is unknown, equation, which represents a known numerical of the compass needle from the

6、magnetic value and does not contain any unknown or meridian. variable elements. abscissa-The horizontal coordinate of a set of absolute unit-Any unit in a system that is rectangular coordinates. Also used in a similar based directly upon associated fundamental sense in connection with oblique coordi

7、nates. units of length, mass, and time. See also Also called total departures; x-coordinate. dynamic number. absolute accuracy-The evaluation of all absolute value-A mathematical quantity errors in determining a position with respect to an taken without regard to its associated plus or absolute refe

8、rence frame, such as the DoD minus sign. Used often with residuals. absolute vector-A directed line segment absolute error-Absolute deviation, the value whose end points are measured in absolute units taken without regard to sign, from the from a point designated as the origin. corresponding true va

9、lue. absorption-Conversion of radiant energy into absolute gravity station-A marked point, other forms by passage through or reflection usually in a laboratory, where the value of from matter. absolute gravity has been determined. See also absolute g ravi ty. acceleration of gravity-The acceleration

10、 of a freely falling body, approximately 9.8m/sec2. absolute gravity-The acceleration of gravity directly determined by a device that measures acceleration-1. The rate of change of time and length. See also gravity. velocity. 2. The act or process of accelerating, or the state of being accelerated.

11、absolute orientation-The scaling and leveling to ground control (in a photogrammetric accelerometer-1. A device that measures instrument) Of a reiativeiy oriented StereosCopiC the rate of change of speed of an object. 2. An model Or group of models. See als0 relative instrument, specially designed f

12、or carrying in orlentat Ion. aircraft or missiles, which measures the rate of change in velocity, direction, and/or altitude. absolute parallax-See absolute stereoscopic parallax. accidental error-See random error. 0 World Geodetic System. absolute positioning-Determination of the position Of a poin

13、t with respect to the Center Of mass of the Earth as defined in the DoD World accommodation-1. The ability of the human eye to adjust itself to give sharp images of objects of different distances. In stereoscopy, the ability of the humari eyes to bring two images Geodetic System. 8 into superimposit

14、ion for stereoscopic viewing. 2. 3 3 Provided by IHS Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-MIL-HDBK-850 W 9999970 0191208 491 MI L- H D B K-850 The limits or range within which a stereoplotting repeated. 2. The closeness of the best instrument is capabl

15、e of operating. For example, estimated value obtained by the measurements the multiplex can adjust (or accommodate) for to the “true“ value of the quantity measured. small tilts in the projectors ranging from approximately 10“ about the x-axis to 20“ about accurate contour-A contour line, the the y-

16、axis. accuracy of which lies within one-half of the basic vertical interval. Also called normal contour. accumulated dlscrepancy-The algebraic sum of the separate discrepancies which occur in acetate-A nonflammable plastic sheeting the various steps of making a survey or of the used as a base for ph

17、otographic films or as a computation of a survey. drafting base for overlays where critical registration is not required. accumulated divergence-( leveling) The algebraic sum of the divergences for the sections achromatic color-Color that does not elicit of a line of levels, from the beginning of th

18、e line hue. to any section end at which it is desired to compute the total divergence. achromatic lens-A lens that has been partly corrected for chromatic aberration. Such a lens is accumulatlve error-See systematic usually of a multi-element design to bring green error. and red light rays to approx

19、imately the same point of focus. accuracy checking-The procurement of presumptive evidence of a maps compliance acoustic navigatlon-Navigation by means of with specified accuracy standards. Accuracy sound waves whether or not they are within the checking generally indicates the relative (rather audi

20、ble range. Also called sonic navigation. than the absolute) accuracy of map features. See also Doppler sonar navigation. accuracy evaluation-The comparison of the actinic light-Light which is capable of causing quality of an MC balancing a survey; direction method of adjustment; figure land-line adj

21、ustment; least squares; map adjustment. o additive color viewer-Projector for positive transparencies obtained through multiband adjustment; Instrument adjustment: photography. Each image is superimposed by use of a different colored light. additlvity of luminance-Luminance produced with a mixture o

22、f light from several sources is the sum of the luminances produced by the light from lack of the sources acting separately. adequate-A term used to describe a product which meets all of the accuracy and currency standards established by its most stringent use, and thus, is suitable for all its inten

23、ded uses. adjacency-A topological property which provides relationships between objects which abut or are located in close proximity. Also known as contiguity. adjoining sheets-Adjacent maps to one or all sides and corners of a particular map sheet. adjusted mapping support data (AMSD)-The post-miss

24、ion refined version of those parameters used to position collector platforms, sensors, and sensor pointing angles. administrative map-(JCS) A map on which is graphically recorded information pertaining to administrative matters, such as supply and evacuation installations, personnel installations, m

25、edical facilities, collecting points for stragglers and prisoners of war, train bivouacs, service and maintenance areas, main supply roads, traffic circulation, boundaries, and other details necessary to show the administrative situation. See also map. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR

26、)-A five to six channel sensor with a resolution of 11 km. Applications include cloud temperature, sea surface temperature, land temperature, and vegetation indice s. Advanced Weapons and Systems Data Base (AWSD8)-A DMA relational data base used to assess and consolidate the MC angle method of O 5 Provided by IHS Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-