CLC TS 61836-2009 Solar photovoltaic energy systems - Terms definitions and symbols《太阳能光伏能源系统 术语 定义和符号》.pdf

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1、DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT DD CLC/TS61836:2009Solar photovoltaicenergy systems Terms, definitions andsymbols ICS 27.160 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g4

2、3g55g3g47g36g58DD CLC/TS 61836:2009This Draft for Developmentwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and Strategy Committeeon 29 February 2008 BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 67928 5National forewordThis Draft for Development is the UK implementation of CLC/TS 61836:2009.This publication is n

3、ot to be regarded as a British Standard.It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is ofa provisional nature. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so thatinformation and experience of its practical application can be obtained.Comments arising from the use o

4、f this Draft for Development are requested sothat UK experience can be reported to the international organizationresponsible for its conversion to an international standard. A review of thispublication will be initiated not later than three years after its publication bythe international organizatio

5、n so that a decision can be taken on its status.Notification of the start of the review period will be made in an announcementin the appropriate issue of Update Standards.According to the replies received by the end of the review period, theresponsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support th

6、e conversion intoan international Standard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification orto withdraw it. Comments should be sent to the Secretary of the responsibleBSI Technical Committee at British Standards House, 389 Chiswick HighRoad, London W4 4AL.The UK participation in its preparation

7、was entrusted to Technical CommitteeGEL/82, Solar photovoltaic energy systems.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct

8、 application.31 March 2011 It is identical to IEC/TS 61836:2007. It supersedes DD IEC/TS 61836:2007,which is withdrawn.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsThis corrigendum renumbers DD IEC/TS 61836:2007as DD CLC/TS 61836:2009TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION CLC/TS 61836 SPCIFICATION TE

9、CHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION May 2009 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2009 CENELEC - All rights of exploitatio

10、n in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. CLC/TS 61836:2009 E ICS 27.160 English version Solar photovoltaic energy systems - Terms, definitions and symbols (IEC/TS 61836:2007) Systmes de conversion photovoltaque de lnergie solaire - Termes, dfinitions et symbole

11、s (CEI/TS 61836:2007) Photovoltaische Solarenergiesysteme - Begriffe, Definitionen und Symbole (IEC/TS 61836:2007) This Technical Specification was approved by CENELEC on 2009-01-23. CENELEC members are required to announce the existence of this TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the TS ava

12、ilable promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hun

13、gary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Foreword The text of the Technical Specification IEC/TS 61836:2007, prepared by IEC TC 82, Solar photovoltai

14、c energy systems was submitted to the vote in accordance with the Internal Regulations, Part 2, Subclause 11.3.3.3 and was approved by CENELEC as CLC/TS 61836 on 2009-01-23. The following date was fixed: latest date by which the existence of the CLC/TS has to be announced at national level (doa) 200

15、9-07-23 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ DD CLC/TS 61836:2009CLC/TS 61836:2009 2 Endorsement notice The text of the Technical Specification IEC/TS 61836:2007 was approved by CENELEC as a Technical Specification without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following n

16、otes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 60891 + A1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60891:1994 (not modified). IEC 60904-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60904-1:2006 (not modified). IEC 60904-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60904-2:2007 (not modified). IEC 60904-5 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60904-5:1995 (not modifie

17、d). IEC 60904-7 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60904-7:1998, which is superseded by EN 60904-7:2009 based on IEC 60904-7:2008 (not modified). IEC 60904-8 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60904-8:1998 (not modified). IEC 60904-9 NOTE IEC 60904-9:1995 is superseded by IEC 60904-9:2007, which is harmonized as EN 60904-9:2

18、007 (not modified). IEC 60904-10 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60904-10:1998 (not modified). IEC 61215 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61215:2005 (not modified). IEC 61646 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61646:1997, which is superseded by EN 61646:2008 based on IEC 61646:2008 (not modified). IEC 61730-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 6

19、1730-1:2007 (modified). IEC 61730-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61730-2:2007 (modified). IEC 61683 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61683:2000 (not modified). IEC 61702 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61702:1999 (not modified). IEC 61725 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61725:1997 (not modified). IEC 62093 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62093:20

20、05 (not modified). IEC 61173 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61173:1994 (not modified). IEC 61194 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61194:1995 (modified). IEC 61277 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61277:1998 (not modified). IEC 61724 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61724:1998 (not modified). IEC 62124 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62124:2005 (not m

21、odified). IEC 61345 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61345:1998 (not modified). IEC 61701 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61701:1999 (not modified). IEC 61721 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61721:1999 (not modified). IEC 62108 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62108:2008 (not modified). _ DD CLC/TS 61836:2009CLC/TS 61836:2009 3 Annex ZA (no

22、rmative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of th

23、e referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60904-3 1989 Photovoltaic devices - Part 3: Measurement principles for ter

24、restrial photovoltaic (PV) solar devices with reference spectral irradiance data EN 60904-31) 1993 1) EN 60904-3 is superseded by EN 60904-3:2008, which is based on IEC 60904-3:2008. DD CLC/TS 61836:2009CLC/TS 61836:2009 4 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.6 1 Scope and object7 2 Normative references .7 3 Gloss

25、ary of terms and symbols for solar photovoltaic energy systems 7 3.1 Solar photovoltaic cells and modules.7 3.2 Solar photovoltaic systems components 17 3.3 Solar photovoltaic systems22 3.4 Solar photovoltaic system and component performance parameters 33 3.5 Measurement devices51 3.6 Environmental

26、parameters.52 3.7 Quality and testing 60 3.8 Concentrator photovoltaics65 3.9 Project management .67 3.10 Miscellaneous .68 4 Acronyms and abbreviations.68 Bibliography 71 Index of terms and symbols 73 DD CLC/TS 61836:2009CLC/TS 61836:2009 5 INTRODUCTION Following the development of solar photovolta

27、ic (PV) technology, specific Standards have been prepared by IEC Technical Committee 82 since 1987. The terms and symbols used in the PV industry necessitate a systematisation in order to have a consolidated glossary for experts common understanding. This Glossary lists the terms and symbols that th

28、e PV industry commonly uses. It is a living document that will change as new terms and symbols are added. These have been harmonized with IEC 60050 and other IEC documents as far as possible. All definitions not included in this Technical Specification may be found elsewhere in other IEC documents.

29、NOTE 1 The terms “PV“, “photovoltaic“ and “solar photovoltaic“ can be read and used interchangeably and without the need for stating each term to show that each are applicable and commonly used by the solar photovoltaic industry. NOTE 2 All terms beginning with “solar photovoltaic“ and “PV“ are list

30、ed under their respective “photovoltaic“ names. NOTE 3 The terms are listed alphabetically in ten categories. Under these categories, some of the terms have been grouped into families of related meaning in order for the reader to readily see the differences between the terms. NOTE 4 This Glossary li

31、sts the precise usage of terms. Cross-references are provided to efficiently point the reader to the location of definitions. For example, a “solar photovoltaic array“ may also be referred to as “photovoltaic array“ or “array“ when the reference to it is particularly clear. The definition for this t

32、erm, for example, occurs under the family heading of “photovoltaic“ in the “Solar photovoltaic systems“ section. NOTE 5 The colloquial use of “solar“ as the sole adjective of a noun is discouraged. For example, though “solar array“ may be commonly used in non-technical conversations, the precise ter

33、ms are “solar photovoltaic array“, “photovoltaic array“, and “array“. NOTE 6 Unless specifically noted otherwise, the terms “device“, “cell“, “module“, “array“, “sub-array“, “field“, “component“, “system“, and “product“ refer to items incorporating a photovoltaic device. As a result, each of these t

34、erms can be understood to read as “PV device“, “PV cell“, “PV module“, etc., without having to re-state the term “PV“ each time, though now and then it is useful to re-state “PV“. NOTE 7 The numeric quantities described by many of the terms can be expressed over any convenient unit of time that the

35、user may wish, such as day, month or year. NOTE 8 “Wp“ is not a recommended unit for rated power. For example for a 50 W module, the correct terminology is “the rated power is 50 W“, and not “the power is 50 Wp“. NOTE 9 The documents from which these terms originated are shown in square brackets . S

36、ome adaptations may have occurred. NOTE 10 This Glossary document recognises the related IEC co-ordinating Technical Committees: 1 Terminology 77 Electromagnetic compatibility 21 Secondary cells and batteries 82 Solar photovoltaic energy systems 22 Power electronic systems and equipment 88 Wind turb

37、ines 47 Semiconductor devices 105 Fuel cell technologies 64 Electrical installations and protection against electric shock 106 Methods for the assessment of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields associated with human exposure DD CLC/TS 61836:2009CLC/TS 61836:2009 6 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY

38、SYSTEMS TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS 1 Scope and object This Technical Specification deals with the terms and symbols from national and international solar photovoltaic standards and relevant documents used within the field of solar photovoltaic (PV) energy systems. It includes the terms and symbo

39、ls compiled from the published IEC technical committee 82 standards, previously published as technical report IEC 61836:1997. The focus of this Technical Specification is “what do the words mean“ and not “under what conditions do the terms apply“. 2 Normative references The following referenced docu

40、ments are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60904-3:1989, Photovoltaic devices Part 3: Measurement principles for terr

41、estrial photovoltaic (PV) solar devices with reference spectral irradiance data 3 Glossary of terms, definitions and symbols for solar photovoltaic energy systems 3.1 Solar photovoltaic cells and modules This subclause addresses vocabulary pertaining to photovoltaic materials, photovoltaic cells and

42、 photovoltaic modules. Other photovoltaic components are described in subclause 3.2. Photovoltaic systems are described in subclause 3.3. 3.1.1 amorphous photovoltaic material solid-state material in a semi-stable condition with no long-range order in the structural arrangement of the atoms 3.1.2 am

43、orphous silicon see “silicon/amorphous“, 3.1.58a). 3.1.3 anti-reflective coating layer formed on the surface of a PV cell to reduce reflective loss 3.1.4 back surface field effect see “effect/back surface field effect“, 3.1.25a) 3.1.5 band gap energy (Unit: eV) DD CLC/TS 61836:2009CLC/TS 61836:2009

44、7 amount of energy required to bring an electron from the state of valence electron to the state of free electron 3.1.6 barrier energy (Unit: eV) energy given up by an electron in penetrating the PV cell barrier NOTE The barrier energy is a measure of the electrostatic potential of the barrier. 3.1.

45、7 bus lines see “metallisation line/bus bar“, 3.1.37a) 3.1.8 bypass diode (on a module level) diode connected across one or more PV cells in the forward electric current direction to allow the PV module electric current to bypass cells to prevent hot spot or hot cell damage resulting from the revers

46、e voltage biasing from the other cells in that module 3.1.9 cell see “photovoltaic/photovoltaic cell“, 3.1.43a). The following terms are used to describe the structure of PV cells and materials. a) CIS photovoltaic cell PV cell fabricated of copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2, abbreviation CIS) mater

47、ial as a main constituent (thin film type) b) compound semiconductor photovoltaic cell PV cell made of compound semiconductor, which consists of different chemical elements, such as GaAs (III-V compounds), CdS/CdTe (II-VI compounds), CdS/CuInSe2, etc. c) concentrator photovoltaic cell see “concentra

48、tor photovoltaic cell“, 3.8.5a) d) dye-sensitized photovoltaic cell photoelectrochemical device using dye molecules with two electrodes and an electrolyte e) integrated type photovoltaic cell multiple PV cells connected in series produced on a single substrate that appears like a single cell NOTE 1

49、Integrated type PV cells may include stacked or side-by-side configurations. f) multijunction photovoltaic cell see “cell/stacked photovoltaic cell“, 3.1.9k) g) organic photovoltaic cell PV cell fabricated of organic materials being polymers and/or small molecules (thin film type) h) PN junction photovoltaic cell PV cell using a PN junction NOTE 2 See also “PN junction“, 3.1.34f). i) Schottky barrier photovoltaic cell DD CLC/TS 61836:2009CLC/TS 61836:2009 8 PV cell using a Schottky junction f