CSA SPE-900-2013 Solar photovoltaic rooftop-installation best practices guideline (First Edition).pdf

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1、SPE-900-13Solar photovoltaic rooftop-installation best practices guidelineLegal NoticeThis document is provided by the Canadian Standards Association (operating as “CSA Group”) as a convenience only. Disclaimer and exclusion of liabilityThis document is provided without any representations, warranti

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13、ance of the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice.Standards Update ServiceSPE-900-13June 2013Title: Solar photovoltaic rooftop-installation best practices guidelinePagination: 72 pages (viii preliminary and 64 text), each dated June 2013To register for e-mail notification about any updates to th

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17、and related publications, visit our Online Store at shop.csa.ca or call toll-free 1-800-463-6727 or 416-747-4044.CSA Group prints its publications on Rolland Enviro100, which contains 100% recycled post-consumer fibre, is EcoLogo and Processed Chlorine Free certified, and was manufactured using biog

18、as energy.June 2013 iiiContents 2013 CSA Group Solar photovoltaic rooftop-installation best practices guidelineSubcommittee on Best Practices for Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Rooftop Installations viPreface viii1Scope 12 Reference publications 23 Definitions 34 Structural requirements 64.1 General 64.2 S

19、tructural loads 74.2.1 General 74.2.2 Solar loading on a rooftop 74.2.3 Dead loads 74.2.4 Live loads due to use and occupancy 74.2.5 Live loads due to snow, ice, and rain 84.2.6 Live loads due to wind 94.2.7 Live loads due to earthquakes for Part 4 buildings and jurisdictions requiring earthquake de

20、sign for residential structures 114.2.8 Importance factors for Part 4 buildings 124.2.9 Load combinations 124.3 Design and structural resistance of photovoltaic modules and racks 124.3.1 Component durability 124.3.2 Component and connection strength and deflection 124.3.3 Ballasted racks 124.3.4 The

21、rmal expansion and contraction of racks 134.4 Design and resistance of building components 134.4.1 General 134.4.2 Wood frame (Part 9 and Part 4) 144.4.3 Prefabricated wood trusses 144.4.4 Open-web steel joists (OWSJ) 154.4.5 Steel frame, steel deck, and/or standing seam roofs 164.4.6 Concrete suspe

22、nded slabs and pre-stressed hollow core slabs 164.4.7 Masonry walls 174.4.8 Lateral load resisting systems 174.4.9 Cladding 184.4.10 Foundations 184.5 Existing buildings 194.5.1 General 194.5.2 Site investigation checklist 194.5.3 Design criteria for buildings designed to previous codes Upgrades 204

23、.6 Inspection 204.6.1 General 204.6.2 Pre-commissioning inspection 204.6.3 Building inspection 204.6.4 Array inspection 214.7 Drawings 224.7.1 Minimum requirements for mechanical installation drawings 224.7.2 Minimum requirements for permit drawings 23SPE-900-13 2013 CSA Groupiv June 20135 Waterproo

24、fing and durability evaluation of photovoltaic integration on commercial roofs 245.1 General 245.2 Checklists 246Roof access 246.1 General 246.2 Access, pathways, and smoke ventilation 256.2.1 General 256.2.2 Residential detached, semi-detached, and attached dwellings 256.2.3 Buildings others than r

25、esidential detached, semi-detached and attached dwellings 266.3 DC cable locations 276.4 System identification 276.4.1 Sign/emblem 276.4.2 System markings 277 Fire risks 277.1 Fire performance of photovoltaic system and roof covering material 277.2 Fire test exposure classes 277.3 Stand-off mounted

26、photovoltaic modules 288 Lightning and surge protection 288.1 Lightning and photovoltaic 288.1.1 General 288.1.2 Risk 288.2 Lightning 298.2.1 Direct strikes 298.2.2 Indirect strikes 298.3 Instrumentation 298.3.1 Instrumentation wiring 298.3.2 Data acquisition systems 298.4 Design considerations 308.

27、4.1 General 308.4.2 AC wiring 308.4.3 String and parallel string photovoltaic module wiring 308.4.4 Power cabling 308.4.5 Racking 308.5 Protection equipment 318.5.1 Lightning protection systems 318.5.2 Surge arrestors 318.5.3 Maintenance 329 Climbing risks 3210 Avalanche risks 3211 Maintenance-relat

28、ed risks 3211.1 Modules and arrays 3211.1.1 Safety 3211.1.2 Periodic maintenance 3311.1.3 Cleaning and inspection 3311.2 Power conversion systems 3411.3 Balance of system 34 2013 CSA Group Solar photovoltaic rooftop-installation best practices guidelineJune 2013 vAnnexesA Wind and snow testing Guide

29、lines for small- scale and full-scale testing 35B Checklist for waterproofing and durability evaluation of photovoltaic integration on commercial roofs 46C Roof access 53D Photovoltaic system maintenance log sheets 60E Bibliography 64Figures1 Photovoltaic cell (truncated corners indicate cell was cu

30、t from single-crystal cylindrical ingot, i.e., monocrystalline silicon); photovoltaic module with 36 cells; photovoltaic array with 10 modules (not to scale) 52 Site investigation checklist Existing structures 193 Structural mechanical installation checklist 224 Electrical installation checklist 225

31、 Structural drawing checklist 236 Photovoltaic module interconnection diagram checklist 237 Electrical installation drawings checklist 24SPE-900-13 2013 CSA Groupvi June 2013Subcommittee on Best Practices for Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Rooftop InstallationsD. Nixon Toronto and Region Conservation Autho

32、rity,Downsview, OntarioChairD. Moses Moses Structural Engineers Inc., Toronto, OntarioVice-ChairJ. Aitchison Jones Brown Inc., Toronto, OntarioB. Baskaran National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, OntarioT. Cupido IRC Building Sciences Group Inc., Mississauga, OntarioG. Doudak University of Ottawa,

33、Ottawa, OntarioS. Douglas International Association of Electrical Inspectors,Toronto, OntarioW. Fritz Schletter Inc., Tucson, Arizona, USAS. Gamble Rowan Williams Davies (b) BCHydro;(c) Hydro Quebec;(d) Manitoba Hydro;(e) Ontario Ministry of Energy; and(f) SaskPower.This Guideline was prepared by th

34、e Subcommittee on Best Practices for Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Rooftop Installations under the jurisdiction of CSA Strategic Steering Committee on Performance, Energy Efficiency, and Renewables.Notes: (1) Use of the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows.(2) Althou

35、gh the intended primary application of this Guideline is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the users of the Guideline to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.(3) To submit a proposal for change, please send the following information to i

36、nquiriescsagroup.org and include “Proposal for change” in the subject line:(a) Standard designation (number);(b) relevant clause, table, and/or figure number;(c) wording of the proposed change; and(d) rationale for the change. 2013 CSA Group Solar photovoltaic rooftop-installation best practices gui

37、delineJune 2013 1SPE-900-13Solar photovoltaic rooftop-installation best practices guideline1Scope1.1There is a need in the Canadian marketplace for guidance on solar photovoltaic rooftop installation, as photovoltaic modules are not currently addressed in many of the building codes. This guideline i

38、s intended to outline best practices for rooftop solar photovoltaic systems by addressing the following:(a)structural analysis of the building itself resulting from the solar photovoltaic system installation;(b) structural analysis of the solar photovoltaic racking;(c) flammability of rooftop solar

39、photovoltaic mounting systems;(d) preventing water penetration of the roofing system due to the installation of a solar photovoltaic system;(e) climbing hazards associated with solar photovoltaic system installations;(f) avalanche hazards (due to snow and wind loads) associated with solar photovolta

40、ic installation; and(g) safe roof access for first responders (i.e., fire fighters) in the event of an emergency or maintenance personnel (e.g., electricians, window cleaners, or other service personnel)1.2This guideline is intended to be used by solar photovoltaic system designers, installers, syst

41、em owners, local building officials, fire departments, insurers, project financiers, etc.1.3The values given in SI (metric) units are the standard. Any values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4This guideline addresses rooftop solar photovoltaic systems only. It is applicable to reside

42、ntial, institutional, commercial, and industrial (ICI) buildings with either flat roofs or pitched roofs. While the focus is on rooftop-mounted systems, some of the principles described herein can be applied to photovoltaic systems mounted to facades, carports, awnings, sound barriers, and other bui

43、lding structures. This guideline will also examine different roofing materials and systems, including membranes, standing-seam metal roofing, steel high-rib roofing, steel shingle, asphalt, tile, slate, cedar shakes, and green roofs. Lastly, it will take into consideration the structure itself, incl

44、uding the structural systems and type of building materials (e.g., wood-frame rafters and joists, prefabricated wood trusses, structural steel beams and joists, and other systems in steel, masonry, concrete, and wood).1.5It is important to note that this guideline does not address solar photovoltaic

45、 system electrical hazards, as these issues are addressed by the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I (CEC). However, this guideline does direct the user to the appropriate sections of the CEC as required. In addition, this guideline does not address building-integrated solar photovoltaic systems (BIPV)

46、.SPE-900-13 2013 CSA Group2 June 20131.6Reference to the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) implies the adopted versions of the National Building Code of Canada by provincial and regional authorities throughout Canada.1.7It is advisable to contact local municipalities (or building authority) to

47、 determine electrical and structural permit requirements for the installation of photovoltaic rooftop installations for the photovoltaic system and the building itself. Requirements for zoning, new developments, and photovoltaic design may vary.1.8In this guideline, “should” is used to express a rec

48、ommendation or that which is advised but not required; “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the guideline; and “can” is used to express possibility or capability.2 Reference publicationsThis Guideline refers to the following publications, and where suc

49、h reference is made, it is to the edition listed below, including all amendments published thereto.CSA GroupCAN/CSA-A23.3-04 (R2010)Design of concrete structuresA23.4-09Precast concrete Materials and constructionA123.21-10Standard test method for the dynamic wind uplift resistance of membrane-roofing systemsC22.1-12Canadian Electrical Code, Part IO86-09Engineering design in woodCAN/CSA-S6-06 (R2012)Canadian Highway Bridge Design CodeS16-09Design of steel structuresCAN/CSA-S157-05 (R2010)Strength design in aluminumS304.1-04 (R2010)Design of masonry st