CIE 128-1998 Guide to the Lighting for Open-Cast Mines《露天矿的照明指南》.pdf

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1、 STD-CIE 328-ENGL 1778 9006345 0005921 230 II ISBN 3 WO 734 86 O COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE LCLAIRAGE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION INTERNATIONALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOMMISSION GUIDE TO THE LIGHTING FOR OPEN-CAST MINES CIE 128- 1998 UDC: 628.971.9 Descriptors: Lighting for outdoor work 628.977

2、.1 :622.33 Mine lighting COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesSTD-CIE 128-ENGL 1998 900b145 O005922 157 U CIE 128 - 1998 This Technical Report has been prepared by CIE Technical Committee 5-03 of Division 5 “Exterior and other lighting applicatio

3、ns“ and has been approved by the Board of Administration of the Commission Internationale de IEclairage for study and application. The document reports on current knowledge and experience within the specific field of light and lighting described, and is intended to be used by the CIE membership and

4、other interested parties. It should be noted, however, that the status of this document is advisory and not mandatory. The latest CIE proceedings or CIE NEWS should be consulted regarding possible subsequent amendments. Ce rapport technique a t prpar par le Comit Technique CIE 5-03 de la Division 5

5、“Eclairage extrieur et autres applications“ et a t approuv par le Bureau dAdministration de ia Commission Internationale de IEclairage, pour tude et application. Le document traite des connaissances courantes et de Iexprience dans le domaine spcifique indiqu de la lumire et de Iclairage, et il est t

6、abli pour lusage des membres de la CIE et autres groupements intresss. II faut cependant noter que ce document est indicatif et non obligatoire. Pour connaitre dventuels amendements, consulter les plus rcents comptes rendus de la CIE ou le CIE NEWS. Dieser Technische Bericht ist vom CIE Technischen

7、Komitee 5-03 der Division 5 “Aussenbeleuchtung und andere Lichtanwendungen“ ausgearbeitet und vom Vorstand der Commission Internationale de IEclairage gebilligt worden. Das Dokument berichtet ber den derzeitigen Stand des Wissens und Erfahrung in dem behandelten Gebiet von Licht und Beleuchtung; es

8、ist zur Verwendung durch CIE-Mitglieder und durch andere Interessierte bestimmt. Es sollte jedoch beachtet werden, da das Dokument eine Empfehlung und keine Vorschrift ist. Die neuesten CIE-Tagungsberichte oder das CIE NEWS sollten im Hinblick auf mgliche sptere nderungen zu Rate gezogen werden. Any

9、 mention of organisations or products does not imply endorsement by the CIE. Whilst every care has been taken in the compilation of any lists, up to the time of going to press, these may not be comprehensive. Toute mention dorganisme ou de produit nimplique pas une prfrence de la CIE. Malgr le soin

10、apport la compilation de tous les documents jusqu la mise sous presse, ce travail ne saurait tre exhaustif. Die Erwhnung von Organisationen oder Erzeugnissen bedeutet keine Billigung durch die CIE. Obgleich groBe Sorgfalt bei der Erstellung von Verzeichnissen bis zum Zeitpunkt der Drucklegung angewe

11、ndet wurde, ist es mglich, da diese nicht vollstndig sind. O CIE 1998 II COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE 128 - 1998 The following members of TC 5-03 OPEN - CAST MINE LIGHTING took part in the preparation of this Guide. The TC comes under

12、 CIE Division 5 Exterior and other Lighting Applications. Mr. Pranab K Bandyopadhyay (Chairman) Mr. Peter Baxter Mr. Peter Davies Mr. Zhang Hai-Cong Mr. Roger Hemp Mr. P.S. van Oosten Mr. James M Peay Mr. Tim Shotbolt India Australia South Africa China South Africa Australia U.S.A. Australia Table o

13、f Contents Summary Rsum Zusammenfassung 1. SCOPE 2. INTRODUCTION 3. OPEN-CAST COAL MINES 4. OPEN-CAST METAL AND NON-METAL MINES 5. MINE FACE LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS 5.1 The visibility requirement for operators of Le machines 6. LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS FOR AREAS OTHER THAN MINE FACES 6.1 Haul roads 6.2 S

14、tock-yards for coal or other mined materials 6.3 Process areas 6.3.1 Coal handling plant 6.3.2 6.4 Repair workshops, yard and parking lots for machines and equipment 6.5 Conveyor haulage systems 6.6 Wagon and truck loading and unloading areas 6.7 Control room Open belt conveyor in corridor V V VI 1

15、1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 Ill COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE 128 - 1998 6.8 Electronic track scale station 6.9 Central control office 6.10 CPU room 6.1 1 Main power distribution room 7. LIGHTING SYSTEMS 7.1 Light sources 7.2 Luminai

16、res 7.2.1 7.2.2 Photometric classification 7.2.3. Materials and construction 7.2.4 Control gear Classification of luminaires according to the degree of dust and moisture protections 7.3 Machine - mounted lighting 7.4 Movable lighting for mine face 7.4.1 Stope (excavating area) 7.4.2 Piling waste yar

17、d or overburden dump 7.5 Lighting systems for areas other than mine faces 7.5.1 Haul roads (permanent sections) 7.5.2 7.5.3 Open belt conveyor 7.5.4 7.5.5 Coal transfer piling yard 7.5.6 7.5.7 Control room 7.5.8 Coal handling plant 7.5.9 Central control oflce 7.5.10 CPU room 7.5.1 1 7.5.12 Bucket-wh

18、eel system Enclosed belt conveyor for exterior use Open belt conveyor in corridor Mined material loading railway station Main power distribution room 7.6 Emergency lighting 7.7 Maintenance 8. LIGHTING 8.1 Lighting level 8.2 Uniformity of illuminance 8.3 Maintenance factors 8.4 Glare limitation 8.5 L

19、ighting calculations 4 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 9 9 10 10 10 10 17 17 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 17 17 9. CONCLUSION 17 1 O. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17 11. BIBLIOGRAPHY 18 IV COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services STD-CIE 128-ENGL 1778 m 900blLi5 000

20、5725 766 m CIE 128 - 1998 CIE GUIDE TO THE LIGHTING FOR OPEN-CAST MINES SUMMARY Open-cast mines cover a large area and continually change their shape as mining proceeds. Effective illumination is required to achieve production and safe operation of various machinery at different work areas. Mobile m

21、ining machinery is equipped with luminaires powered by on board generators. Movable lighting towers are used in the mine faces for general lighting. Deep, compact pits and permanent facilities such as stockpiles, conveyors and processing plant, can be lit from fixed lighting arrangements. Illuminanc

22、e levels are provided for each work area to meet the visibility requirements of equipment operators and other workers. Luminaires must have a high degree of protection against ingress of dust and moisture due to the atmosphere prevalent in open-cast mines. Luminaire design and installation must faci

23、litate ease of maintenance. Strict adherence to agreed-upon maintenance schedules is important for prevention of undue loss of light with time and to avoid capital investment in higher initial lighting levels thus saving energy. Lighting quality parameters like average illuminance, uniformity and gl

24、are limitation have been described. Further guidance can be obtained from existing CIE publications. Requirements for areas typical of open-cast mines have been given. GUIDE POUR LECLAIRAGE DES MINES A CIEL OUVERT RESUME Les mines ciel ouvert couvrent de grandes surfaces dont la forme change continu

25、ellement au cours de lexploitation. Lclairage efficace des zones de travail est important pour la productivit du matriel qui suppose un capital investi lev et pour la scurit du personnel et du matriel. Une machine mobile dextraction est quipe dun systme dclairage autonome. Des tours mobiles dclairag

26、e sont utilises sur les faces de taille des mines pour lclairage gnral. Les creusements profonds, les puits compacts et les amnagements permanents tels que les piles de stockage, les convoyeurs et les zones de transformation peuvent tre clairs par des installations fixes. Les exigences de visibilit

27、des oprateurs et les systmes dclairage utiliss sur les machines et sur diffrentes zones sont couvertes par ce document. COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesSTD-CIE 128-ENGL 1998 m 900b145 000592b BT2 CIE 128 - 1998 Les luminaires doivent possder

28、 un haut degr de protection contre lagressivit des poussires et des moisissures dues latmosphre qui prvaut dans les mines ciel ouvert. La conception des luminaires et leur installation doit faciliter leur maintenance. Le strict respect dune politique de maintenance concerte est important pour prveni

29、r des pertes de lumire anormales au cours du temps et de plus pour viter, en contribuant ainsi aux conomies dnergie, un investissement excessif d la fourniture de niveaux dclairement initiaux plus levs. Les paramtres de qualit tels que lclairement moyen, luniformit et la limitation de lblouissement

30、sont dcrits dans ce document. Dautres indications peuvent tre tires de publications CIE existantes. Des exigences sont donnes pour les zones typiques des mines ciel ouvert. CIE LEITFADEN FR DIE BELEUCHTUNG VON TAGBAU-MINEN ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Tagbauminen nehmen eine groe Flche ein und ndern im Laufe des

31、 Abbaus stndig ihre Form. Eine effiziente Beleuchtung der Arbeitspltze im Minenbereich ist wichtig fr die Produktivitt in einem Bereich mit hohen Anlageinvestitionen und fr die Sicherheit der Anlagen und des Personals. Die mobile Minenausstattung ist mit aggregatbetriebener Beleuchtung versehen. Bew

32、egliche Beleuchtungstrme werden in den Minen fr die Allgemeinbeleuchtung verwendet. Tiefe, kompakte Gruben und stndige Einrichtungen, wie Lager, Frderbnder und Verarbeitungsanlagen, knnen von fixen Beleuchtungsanlagen beleuchtet werden. Anforderungen des Bedienungspersonals an die Sichtbarkeit sowie

33、 an Maschinen und in verschiedenen Bereichen verwendete eleuchtungssysteme werden hier behandelt. Aufgrund der in Tagbauminen vorherrschenden Atmosphre mssen die Leuchten gegen das Eindringen von Staub und Feuchtigkeit gut geschtzt sein. Design und Installation der Leuchten mssen eine leichte Wartun

34、g ermglichen. Ein striktes Einhalten der vereinbarten Wartungstermine ist wichtig, um unntigen Lichtverlust im Laufe der Zeit zu verhindern, und um Investitionen in ein hheres Anfangsbeleuchtungsniveau zu vermeiden und damit Energie zu sparen. Parameter fr die Beleuchtungsqualitt, wie durchschnittli

35、che Beleuchtungsstrke, Gleichmigkeit und Blendungsverminderung wurden beschrieben. Weitere Richtlinien knnen bestehenden CIE-Publikationen entnommen werden. Anforderungen an fr Tagbauminen typische Gebiete werden genannt. VI COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information H

36、andling ServicesSTDmCIE 128-ENGL 1998 = 9OObLqC 0005927 739 CIE 128 - 1998 1. SCOPE The guide specifies the points to be considered for the design of lighting for open-cast (also called open-cut in some countries like Australia) mines in view of the processes involved in the open-cast mining. Three

37、types of lighting are involved: machine-mounted, movable and fixed. 2. INTRODUCTION Open-cast mines cover a very large area, sometimes measuring over 50 square kilometres. The mining area continuously changes with the progress of the mining operations, making it almost impossible to provide any kind

38、 of permanent lighting. The operations involved are extensively mechanised using very large, diesel or electric powered, mobile construction type equipment. As the capital investments are very high, most mines work 24 hours a day. Proper and effective illumination in these mines is very important no

39、t only for the productivity but for the safety of the personnel, machines and vehicles moving continuously on changing and temporary working areas and roads. Open-cast mining engineering includes two kinds of work: Stripping (excavating, transportation and piling waste) and mining (excavating, trans

40、portation as well as piling and unloading mined material), having their specific lighting requirements. 3. OPEN-CAST COAL MINES Usually one of the longer sides of the area is considered as the starting line for the mining operation and is called “fixed face“. The A“ grade coal is often available at

41、a depth of approximateiy 90 m. This means first removing the over burden (the earth and rock overlying a coal bed) and then transporting this to a predetermined site. As the removal and transporting requires moving the machines and vehicles to the operation sites, the entire area is gradually conver

42、ted into benches in order to reach the coal bed. For easy operation and for the movement of vehicles up and down there are limitations on the maximum height of a face and the height and width of the benches. The bench height of mining is 8 - 12 m, but the height of piling yards is 30 m. The conditio

43、ns encountered at these areas are given in Figure 3.1. 4. OPEN-CAST METAL AND NON-METAL MINES Open-cast mining operations are used for many other ores and substances like iron ore, copper ore, manganese ore, limestone, lignite (brown coal), etc. Most of these mines operate in more or less similar fa

44、shion as the open-cast coal mines with similar equipment. Iron ore mines are large, open pit mines. Here also, the benching method is employed using loading shovels and haulage trucks, which transport the ore to a primary crusher. From there a conveyor beit takes the ore to a secondary crusher. Some

45、 iron ore is then processed into pellets at a plant located adjacent to a mining pit. 5. MINE FACE LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS Most of the mining materials have very poor reflectance, being black and dark brown in colour. It is not possible to have permanent lighting systems installed, as the area of work

46、 is continuously changing in a quarry. 1 COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services STDmCIE 128-ENGL 3998 W 7006345 0005926 675 CIE 128 - 1998 There are two ways of lighting the mine face: a) from the machines - this is the most preferred and used met

47、hod; b) by portable floodlights or temporary pole mounted equipment. Figure 3. i: Overburden removal and coal mining operation. 5.1 Machines used in open-cast mining are draglines, stripping shovels, loading shovels, haulage trucks, drilling rigs, scrapers, bulldozers, graders, and bucket-wheel syst

48、em, as well as service vehicles like fuel and lubrication trucks, water trucks, explosive trucks, maintenance trucks, cable handler, tyre handler and low loader. The operators of these machines must be able to see cleariy the exact areas of various operations, which are quite oten at long distances,

49、 and manoeuvre their equipment while excavating, dumping, loading etc. There are many safety considerations like seeing moving objects during excavation, seeing the ladders and handrails of the machines, viewing the edge of the dump, readily detecting hazards and seeing other moving equipment. The visibility requirement for operators of the machines 6. LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS FOR AREAS OTHER THAN MINE FACES 6.