CEN TS 15680-2007 Prefabricated timber stairs - Mechanical test methods《预制木楼梯 机械试验方法》.pdf

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1、DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENTDD CEN/TS 15680:2007Prefabricated timber stairs Mechanical test methodsICS 91.060.30g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g

2、36g58DD CEN/TS 15680:2007This Draft for Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 58696 5National forewordThis Draft for Development is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 15680:2007.This publication is not to b

3、e regarded as a British Standard.It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so that information and experience of its practical application can be obtained.Comments arising from the use of thi

4、s Draft for Development are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the European organization responsible for its conversion to a European standard. A review of this publication will be initiated not later than 3 years after its publication by the European organization so that a decision

5、can be taken on its status. Notification of the start of the review period will be made in an announcement in the appropriate issue of Update Standards.According to the replies received by the end of the review period, the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into

6、a European Standard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent to the Secretary of the responsible BSI Technical Committee at British Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Tec

7、hnical Committee B/543, Round and sawn timber.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Amendments issued

8、 since publicationDate CommentsTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSPCIFICATION TECHNIQUETECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATIONCEN/TS 15680November 2007ICS 91.060.30English VersionPrefabricated timber stairs - Mechanical test methodsEscaliers prfabriqus en bois - Mthodes dessaimcaniquesVorgefertigte Holztreppen - Mechanische

9、PrfverfahrenThis Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 24 September 2007 for provisional application.The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit theircomments, particularly on the question

10、 whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS availablepromptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in

11、force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irelan

12、d, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-

13、1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. CEN/TS 15680:2007: E2 Contents Page Foreword5 Introduction .6 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Determination of mechanical strength of bal

14、usters under static load on prefabricated railing system : handrails or balustrades .7 4.1 General7 4.2 Principle7 4.3 Equipment 7 4.4 Conditioning.9 4.5 Sampling.9 4.6 Procedure .9 4.7 Results 10 5 Determination of mechanical strength under distributed static load of prefabricated systems : handrai

15、ls or balustrades .10 5.1 General10 5.2 Principle10 5.3 Equipment 10 5.3.1 Support structure.10 5.3.2 Distributed load application system10 5.4 Conditioning.11 5.5 Sampling.11 5.6 Procedure .11 5.7 Calculated value.11 5.8 Test results.12 6 Determination of mechanical strength under dynamic loads of

16、prefabricated systems : handrails or balustrades .12 6.1 General12 6.2 Principle12 6.3 Equipment 12 6.3.1 Support structure.12 6.3.2 Hanging impact body system.12 6.3.3 Survey system13 6.4 Conditioning.13 6.5 Sampling.13 6.6 Procedure .13 6.7 Results 14 7 Determination of mechanical strength under v

17、ertical static load on handrails14 7.1 General14 7.2 Principle14 7.3 Equipment 14 7.4 Conditioning.14 7.5 Sampling.15 7.6 Procedure .15 7.7 Results 15 CEN/TS 15680:2007 3 8 Determination of mechanical strength under concentrated static loads on panels of prefebricated systems: handrails or balustrad

18、es 15 8.1 General .15 8.2 Principle16 8.3 Equipment 16 8.3.1 Support structure 16 8.3.2 Virtually rigid anchorage system.16 8.3.3 Loading application and measurement system .16 8.3.4 Survey system .16 8.4 Conditioning 16 8.5 Sampling.16 8.6 Procedure.16 8.7 Results17 9 Determination of load bearing

19、capacity for flights of stairs .17 9.1 General .17 9.2 Principle17 9.3 Equipment 18 9.3.1 Support structure 18 9.3.2 Distributed load application system18 9.4 Conditioning 18 9.5 Sampling.18 9.6 Procedure.18 9.7 Characteristic value 18 9.8 Results19 10 Determination of flight deflection under distri

20、buted static load 19 10.1 General .19 10.2 Principle19 10.3 Equipment 19 10.3.1 Support structure 19 10.3.2 Load application system.19 10.3.3 Survey system .19 10.4 Conditioning 19 10.5 Sampling.19 10.6 Procedure.20 10.7 Results20 11 Determination of mechanical strength under dynamic loads on steps

21、included in flights or on flights of stairs in prefebricated stairs20 11.1 General .20 11.2 Principle20 11.3 Equipment 20 11.3.1 Support structure 20 11.3.2 Hanging impact body system 21 11.3.3 Survey system .21 11.4 Conditioning 21 11.5 Sampling.21 11.6 Procedure.21 11.7 Results21 12 Determination

22、of bending strength of steps of prefabricated stairs .21 12.1 General .21 12.2 Principle22 12.3 Equipment 22 12.3.1 Support structure 22 12.3.2 Load application and measurement system.22 12.3.3 Survey system .22 12.4 Conditioning 22 12.5 Sampling.22 12.6 Procedure.22 CEN/TS 15680:2007 4 12.7 Charact

23、eristic value.23 12.8 Results 23 13 Determination of step deflection under vertical static load 23 13.1 General23 13.2 Principle23 13.3 Equipment 23 13.3.1 Support structure.23 13.3.2 Load application and measurement system.23 13.3.3 Survey system24 13.4 Conditioning.24 13.5 Sampling.24 13.6 Procedu

24、re .24 13.7 Results 24 14 Test laboratory.24 Annex A (informative) Examples of calculation on ultimate limit states.25 A.1 Test until failure .25 A.1.1 Examples with 3 series .25 A.1.2 Example with 10 series .26 A.2 Test without failure28 A.2.1 Example with 3 series .28 A.2.2 Example with 10 series

25、.28 Bibliography 29 CEN/TS 15680:2007 5 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 15680:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 175 “Round and sawn timber”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subje

26、ct of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium

27、, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN/TS 15680:2007 6 Intro

28、duction There are a number of methods of evaluating the mechanical performance of stairs. These include: - testing, - calculation, - conventional accepted performance. All methods have equal validity. This standard identifies a number of possible test methods which can be used. 1 Scope This Technica

29、l Specification gives test methods for prefabricated timber stairs. These stairs are made from timber and/or wood-based materials. The methods included in this document can also be used for single components used in stairs (e.g. steps, handrails, balusters, ). This document does not consider the ove

30、rall structure design of these elements. Stairs that are designed to contribute to the overall stability of the works or to the strength of the structure are not covered by this standard. The surfaces of the timber elements may be exposed or covered by finishes. NOTE 1 Where stairs are supplied with

31、 a finish or covering, some basic characteristics will not be covered by this standard and references should be made to the appropriate product standard (e.g. colour fastness of carpet finishes) NOTE 2 Where the term “stair“ is used in this document, it may also apply to individual element or compon

32、ent where appropriate Tests can be carried out on a complete fully assembled system according to manufacturer installation instructions or on individual components. A fully assembled stair test cannot be used to evaluate individual components. There is no particular hierarchy of sequences or the nee

33、d to carry out all the tests. NOTE The nature of used tests and elements can be given by national regulations. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated reference

34、s, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1991-1-1, Eurocode 1 : Actions on structures Part 1-1:General actions Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings CEN/TS 15680:2007 7 EN 14076 : 2004, Timber stairs Terminology PrEN 15644 : 2007, Traditio

35、nally designed prefabricated stairs made of solid wood Specifications and requirements. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14076:2004 and in prEN 15644:2007 apply. 4 Determination of mechanical strength of balusters under static load on p

36、refabricated railing system : handrails or balustrades 4.1 General This test provides a method to determine mechanical strength under concentrated static load of balusters made also with different materials, being a part of prefabricated railing system, handrails or balustrades. This test applies to

37、 all handrails or balustrades of any material used for their construction, as usually installed and used, according to producer recommendations, in a construction. It does not apply to handrails or balustrades made on site and/or installed with building works. 4.2 Principle Application of a concentr

38、ated load on a standardized conical element put between two balusters, checking deformations and possible breaks of these elements and their anchorages. NOTE The conical element is the concentrated load application device made with rigid material ( for wood 700 kg/m3), cone-shaped or frustum of cone

39、, with 30 summit angle and base diameter 200 mm. 4.3 Equipment 4.3.1 A support structure which is composed by rigid frame to fix the components system of, balustrade or handrail , according to producer instruction : such a frame shall allow the installation of different components in horizontal or v

40、ertical position (balustrade or handrail), see Figure 1. CEN/TS 15680:2007 8 Figure 1 Example of a support structure CEN/TS 15680:2007 9 4.3.2 Virtually rigid anchorage system of upper element of handrail or balustrade. 4.3.3 Concentrated load application system including cone-shape or frustum of co

41、ne interposed element as above-mentioned 4.4 Conditioning Temperature and air humidity of the laboratory shall be specified in test report. 4.5 Sampling For 3 tests, the sampling is composed at least by 6 balusters. 4.6 Procedure For individual components, tested system shall be fixed into the suppo

42、rt structure; The top of the tested element, next to load application point of the balusters, shall be locked, to avoid deformations during load application; Put load application system, so that the interposition cone is placed between two balusters on the worst position, typically closest to the ha

43、lf of their height, measured between the lowest and the upper anchorage; Apply the load according to tested elements use (see prEN 15644:2007, Table A.3); load application shall be progressive (not less than 5 s) and in direction towards the external side of the balustrade or handrail (see Figure 2)

44、 and maintain for 15 minutes ; Measure the largest distance between the two balusters, within 2 minutes of load application and at the end of the test or note the damage, if any, at the level checked or done ; The test shall be repeated for each sample (at least 3 pairs of balusters). Figure 2 Examp

45、le of load application CEN/TS 15680:2007 10 4.7 Results At the end of the test, check and record any possible deterioration on tested element which compromise its integrity and it functionality : damages of each component of element or relevant anchorage system; Specify equipment used; Record deform

46、ation in each measurement point and the arrow marked under and after loading. 5 Determination of mechanical strength under distributed static load of prefabricated systems : handrails or balustrades 5.1 General This test provides a method to determine mechanical strength under distributed static loa

47、ds of prefabricated systems, (handrails or balustrades) as protection for free fall, made by the composition of different components (handrails, balusters, panels and apron linings) made also with different materials. It applies to all handrails or balustrades of any material used for their construc

48、tion, as usually installed and used, according to producer recommendations, in a construction. It does not apply to handrails or balustrades made on site and/or installed with building works. NOTE This test does not apply to the support system (for example newel). 5.2 Principle Application of a stan

49、dardized horizontal distributed static load to handrails or balustrades, until rupture or to the minimum load determined in accordance with EN 1991-1-1and its national annexes. If not specified in national regulation, the material partial safety factor m= 1,5 is to be used for the minimum value of three test. This factor mbecomes 1,3 for a 5% fractile (for a confidence level of 75%) of at least 10 tests. 5.3 Equipment 5.3.1 Support structure This support structure is composed by a rigid frame to fix the component system of the railing, handr