CEN TR 15993-2018 Automotive fuels - Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel - Background to the parameters required and their respective limits and determination.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Automotive fuels - Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel - Background to the parameters required and their respective limits and determinationPD CEN/TR 15993:2018National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation

2、 of CEN/TR 15993:2018. It supersedes PD CEN/TR 15993:2013, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/2, Liquid Fuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not p

3、urport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 51506 4ICS 71.080.60; 75.160.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from

4、legal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 15993:2018TECHNICAL REPORTRAPPORT TECHNIQUETECHNISCHER BERICHTCEN/TR

5、 15993March 2018ICS 75.160.20; 71.080.60 Supersedes CEN/TR 15993:2013EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2018 CEN Ref. No. CEN/TR 15993:2018: EAll rights of exploitation in

6、any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national MembersAutomotive fuels - Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel - Background to the parameters required and their respective limits and determinationCarburants pour automobiles - Ethanol (E85) carburants pour automobiles - Historique sur la dfini

7、tion des paramtres requis, de leurs limites et de leur dtermination respectivesKraftstoffe fr Kraftfahrzeuge - Ethanol (E85) Fahrzeugkraftstoff - Hintergrund ber die geforderten Parameter und ihre entsprechenden Grenzen und BestimmungThis Technical Report was approved by CEN on 8 February 2018. It h

8、as been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 19.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lit

9、huania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.English VersionCEN/TR 15993:2018 (E)European foreword 31 Scope . 42 Normative references 43 Summary . 54 Historical context . 65 Task Forces .

10、75.1 The Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel Task Force . 75.2 The Ethanol Fuel Task Force . 86 The ethanol (E85) automotive fuel specification 106.1 Parameters included . 106.2 Considerations on the parameters 146.2.1 Denaturants . 146.2.2 RON/MON . 146.2.3 Ethanol content and higher alcohols .156.2.4 Va

11、pour pressure 166.2.5 Density . 186.2.6 Sulfur content 186.2.7 Oxidation stability .196.2.8 Oxygenates content 206.2.9 Phosphorus 226.2.10 Water content 226.2.11 Inorganic Chloride content 236.2.12 Copper strip corrosion.246.2.13 Total acidity .246.2.14 Sulfate content 256.2.15 Conductivity 276.2.16

12、 Additives 276.2.17 Appearance 286.2.18 Biologically sourced ethanol . 286.2.19 Guidelines . 286.3 Parameters considered and not included (anymore) in the draft specification286.3.1 Existent gum content (solvent washed) .286.3.2 Copper content .296.3.3 pHe 296.3.4 High boiling components . 306.3.5 C

13、hlorine as chlorides .306.3.6 Lead 307 Acknowledgements .30Bibliography .312Contents PagePD CEN/TR 15993:2018CEN/TR 15993:2018 (E)European forewordThis document (CEN/TR 15993:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petrol

14、eum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.This document supersede

15、s CEN/TR 15993:2013.The original Technical Report presented all decisions that led to CEN/TS 15293:2011 1, when it was developed from its predecessor 2. This document now includes all decisions that have been made within the Ethanol Fuel Task Force since 2011, following comments and further investig

16、ations leading to the draft ethanol (E85) automotive fuel specification as a proposed European Standard prEN 15293:2017.3PD CEN/TR 15993:2018CEN/TR 15993:2018 (E)1 ScopeThis Technical Report explains the requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol (E85) automotive fuel according

17、 to EN 15293. It provides background information on the final text of the draft European standard and gives guidance and explanations to the producers, blenders, marketers and users of ethanol (E85) automotive fuel.It is applicable to ethanol (E85) for use in spark ignition engine vehicles designed

18、to run on ethanol (E85). Ethanol (E85) is a mixture of nominally 85 % ethanol and 15 % petrol, but it also includes the possibility of having different seasonal grades containing 50 % or more ethanol.NOTE 1 This document is directly related to prEN 15293:2017 and will be updated if further revisions

19、 to the standard take place.NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/ V )” are used to represent the mass fraction, , and the volume fraction, , respectively.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of the

20、ir content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.EN 228, Automotive fuels Unleaded petrol Requirements and test methodsEN 1601:1997, Liq

21、uid petroleum products Unleaded petrol Determination of organic oxygenate compounds and total organically bound oxygen content by gas chromatography (O-FID)EN 13016-1, Liquid petroleum products Vapour pressure Part 1: Determination of air saturated vapour pressure (ASVP) and calculated dry vapour pr

22、essure equivalent (DVPE)EN 13016-3, Liquid petroleum products Vapour pressure Part 3: Determination of vapour pressure and calculated dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE) (Triple Expansion Method)CEN/TS 15293:2011, Automotive fuels Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel Requirements and test methodsprEN 152

23、93:2017, Automotive fuels Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel Requirements and test methodsEN 15376, Automotive fuels Ethanol as a blending component for petrol Requirements and test methodsEN 15485, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol Determination of sulfur content Wavelength dispersive X-ray flu

24、orescence spectrometric methodEN 15486, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol Determination of sulfur content Ultraviolet fluorescence methodEN 15487, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol Determination of phosphorus content Ammonium molybdate spectrometric methodEN 15488, Ethanol as a ble

25、nding component for petrol Determination of copper content Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric methodEN 15489, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol Determination of water content Karl Fischer coulometric titration methodEN 15490, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol Determin

26、ation of pHeEN 15491, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol Determination of total acidity Colour indicator titration methodEN 15492, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol Determination of inorganic chloride and sulfate content Ion chromatographic method4 PD CEN/TR 15993:2018CEN/TR 15993:2

27、018 (E)EN 15691:2009, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol Determination of dry residue (involatile material) Gravimetric methodEN 15692:2009, Ethanol as a blending component for petrol Determination of water content Karl Fischer potentiometric titration methodEN 15721:2013, Ethanol as a blend

28、ing component for petrol Determination of higher alcohols, methanol and other impurities Gas chromatographic methodEN 15769, Ethanol as a blending component of petrol Determination of appearance Visual methodEN 16270:2015, Automotive fuels Determination of high-boiling components including fatty aci

29、d methyl esters in petrol and ethanol (E85) automotive fuel Gas chromatographic methodEN 16761-1, Automotive fuels Determination of methanol in automotive ethanol (E85) fuel by gas chromatography Part 1: Method using single column techniqueEN 16761-2, Automotive fuels Determination of methanol in au

30、tomotive ethanol (E85) fuel by gas chromatography Part 2: Method using heart cut techniqueEN ISO 2160, Petroleum products Corrosiveness to copper Copper strip test (ISO 2160)EN ISO 3405:2000, Petroleum products Determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure (ISO 3405:2000)EN I

31、SO 5163, Petroleum products Determination of knock characteristics of motor and aviation fuels Motor method (ISO 5163)EN ISO 5164, Petroleum products Determination of knock characteristics of motor fuels Research method (ISO 5164)EN ISO 7536, Petroleum products Determination of oxidation stability o

32、f gasoline Induction period method (ISO 7536)EN ISO 12185, Crude petroleum and petroleum products Determination of density Oscillating U-tube method (ISO 12185)EN ISO 22854, Liquid petroleum products Determination of hydrocarbon types and oxygenates in automotive-motor gasoline and in ethanol (E85)

33、automotive fuel Multidimensional gas chromatography method (ISO 22854)3 SummaryThe European Commission is promoting the increased use of renewable energy and, as part of this policy, is encouraging the use of ethanol as a blend component with gasoline.For ethanol itself, a European Standard, EN 1537

34、6, was published in 2011, and this was developed further into a standard for ethanol suitable for blending at all levels up to 85 % in gasoline (2014 publication).For ethanol (E85) automotive fuel, the standardization activity began with the creation of a CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA). This was devel

35、oped subsequently by the Task Force (E85) into a CEN Technical Specification, positively balloted by the end of 2010 (CEN/TS 15293).The Ethanol Fuel Task Force (EFTF) was formed by CEN in 2011, and combined the activities of TF E85 and the existing Ethanol Task Force. EFTF was mandated to develop th

36、e Technical Specification for E85 into a full European Standard.The test methods have been examined by the experts in the task forces to ensure their applicability to E85 fuel and to determine if their precision is sufficient to support the limit values proposed. This 5PD CEN/TR 15993:2018CEN/TR 159

37、93:2018 (E)activity was supported by work in several other CEN working groups where the specialists in particular methods are present.All parameters were reviewed in terms of their need to be in the specification, and their limit values re-assessed to fit with current needs. Parameters have been add

38、ed or removed accordingly. Improved methods have been developed, and some discontinued that did not meet the precision requirements.Automotive ethanol (E85) automotive fuel is constituted from a mixture of ethanol complying to EN 15376 and of regular market petrol product. The latter either complies

39、 to EN 228 or is a Blending Oxygenate Base-stock (BOB) that fulfils EN 228 after addition of ethanol. The need for a particular parameter to be part of the E85 specification has taken account of those parameters in the ethanol and gasoline specifications.This document is the report on the technical

40、work to date carried out by the TF E85 (see 5.1) and subsequently the EFTF (see 5.2) towards establishing a European Standard for ethanol (E85) automotive fuel.4 Historical contextThe European Commission is following a policy of promoting renewable energy use in Europe, and to this end is encouragin

41、g the extension of automotive gasoline fuel with a proportion of renewably-sourced ethyl alcohol (referred to in this document as ethanol).In order to facilitate a transparent and stable market in ethanol, it is necessary to establish an ethanol (E85) automotive fuel standard for Europe that will en

42、sure a uniform high quality fuel for problem-free use as a gasoline fuel for FFV engines.In anticipation of a mandate from the Commission, in 2007 the Comit Europen de Normalization (CEN) Technical Committee 19, responsible for Automotive Fuels Standards, accepted the CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA) re

43、vision as a work item on its programme to be developed in Working Group 21, responsible for Automotive Gasoline management.The intention of CEN/TC 19 was to develop CWA 15293 through to a European Standard, based on the publication of EN 15376 for ethanol and EN 228 for gasoline, also taking into ac

44、count the developments in Sweden, France and Germany. Discussion in WG 21 had indicated that there were still test method questions to be solved and thus national initiatives were not halted.Initial planning was for enquiry text to be ready in August 2008, and the final text to be delivered in Novem

45、ber 2009. WG 21 had advised the use of EN 228 as the blending component and had supported a six month extension allowance for the E85 specification for the necessary updating of test methods and seasonal grades. prEN 15293 was published for ballot in May 2009.The TF 85, however, had encountered seve

46、ral open issues due to the uncertainty of octane guarantee in the future with the integration of Blending Oxygenate Base-stock (BOB) in all European markets and its impact on ethanol (E85) automotive fuels. In addition, the test methods precision for chlorine content at 1 mg/kg or below and the high

47、-boiler requirement, had been under evaluation. Further time was required to collect data on the current market, resulting in a better specification proposal. At the end of 2009, TF 85 still planned to aim at a submission for formal vote halfway through 2010. After the CEN enquiry, considering the t

48、echnical comments and the suggested necessary updates, the deliverable on prEN 15293 had been changed into a CEN Technical Specification with its submission to CEN/CCMC in March 2010.CEN/TS 15293 was ratified by CEN on 28th September 2010 and was published as CEN/TS 15293:2011.The EFTF was formed in

49、 2011 at the request of WG 21, and combined the work programmes on ethanol and on E85. The mandate from WG 21 was:a) to revise the Ethanol standard EN 15376 to be applicable to ethanol for blending at all levels up to and including 85 %6 PD CEN/TR 15993:2018CEN/TR 15993:2018 (E)b) to develop the CEN Technical Specification CEN/TS 15293 to a full European standardThe Ethanol European standard was duly revised and published as EN 15376:2014.For E85, work within th