CAN CGSB-4 2 NO 65-M91-1991 Textile test methods Determination of strength of bonds of bonded laminated and fused fabrics.pdf

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1、 CAN/CGSB-4.2 No. 65-M91 Extended April 1997 Reaffirmed November 2013 National Standard of Canada ICS 59.080.10 Textile test methods Determination of strength of bonds of bonded, laminated and fused fabrics The CANADIAN GENERAL STANDARDS BOARD (CGSB), under whose auspices this standard has been deve

2、loped, is a government agency within Public Works and Government Services Canada. CGSB is engaged in the production of voluntary standards in a wide range of subject areas through the media of standards committees and the consensus process. The standards committees are composed of representatives of

3、 relevant interests including producers, consumers and other users, retailers, governments, educational institutions, technical, professional and trade societies, and research and testing organizations. Any given standard is developed on the consensus of views expressed by such representatives. CGSB

4、 has been accredited by the Standards Council of Canada as a national standards-development organization. The standards that it develops and offers as National Standards of Canada conform to the criteria and procedures established for this purpose by the Standards Council of Canada. In addition to s

5、tandards it publishes as National Standards of Canada, CGSB produces standards to meet particular needs, in response to requests from a variety of sources in both the public and private sectors. Both CGSB standards and CGSB national standards are developed in conformance with the policies described

6、in the CGSB Policy and Procedures Manual for the Development and Maintenance of Standards. CGSB standards are subject to review and revision to ensure that they keep abreast of technological progress. CGSB will initiate the review of this standard within five years of the date of publication. Sugges

7、tions for their improvement, which are always welcome, should be brought to the notice of the standards committees concerned. Changes to standards are issued either as separate amendment sheets or in new editions of standards. An up-to-date listing of CGSB standards, including details on latest issu

8、es and amendments, and ordering instructions, is found in the CGSB Catalogue at our Web site www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/ ongc-cgsb along with more information about CGSB products and services. Although the intended primary application of this standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that

9、it remains the responsibility of the users of the standard to judge its suitability for their particular purpose. The testing and evaluation of a product against this standard may require the use of materials and/or equipment that could be hazardous. This document does not purport to address all the

10、 safety aspects associated with its use. Anyone using this standard has the responsibility to consult the appropriate authorities and to establish appropriate health and safety practices in conjunction with any applicable regulatory requirements prior to its use. CGSB neither assumes nor accepts any

11、 responsibility for any injury or damage that may occur during or as the result of tests, wherever performed. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this Canadian standard may be the subject of patent rights. CGSB shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all s

12、uch patent rights. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights is entirely their own responsibility. Further information on CGSB and its services and standards may be obtained from: The Manager Standards Division Canadian General Standard

13、s Board Gatineau, Canada K1A 1G6 The Standards Council of Canada (SCC) is the coordinating body of the Canadian standardization network, which is composed of people and organizations involved in the development, promotion and implementation of standards. Through the collaborative efforts of Canadian

14、 standardization network members, standardization is helping to advance the social and economic well-being of Canada and to safeguard the health and safety of Canadians. The networks efforts are overseen by SCC. The principal objectives of SCC are to foster and promote voluntary standardization as a

15、 means of advancing the national economy, supporting sustainable development, benefiting the health, safety and welfare of workers and the public, assisting and protecting the consumer, facilitating domestic and international trade, and furthering international cooperation in relation to standardiza

16、tion. An important facet of the Canadian standards development system is the use of the following principles: consensus; equal access and effective participation by concerned interests; respect for diverse interests and identification of those who should be afforded access to provide the needed bala

17、nce of interests; mechanism for dispute resolution; openness and transparency; open access by interested parties to the procedures guiding the standards development process; clarity with respect to the processes; and Canadian interest consideration as the initial basis for the development of standar

18、ds. A National Standard of Canada (NSC) is a standard prepared or reviewed by an SCC-accredited SDO and approved by the SCC according to NSC approval requirements. Approval does not refer to the technical content of the standard, as this remains the responsibility of the SDO. An NSC reflects a conse

19、nsus of a number of capable individuals whose collective interests provide, to the greatest practicable extent, a balance of representation of general interests, producers, regulators, users (including consumers) and others with relevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject at hand. NSCs

20、are intended to make a significant and timely contribution to the Canadian interest. Those who have a need to apply standards are encouraged to use NSCs. These standards are subject to periodic review. Users of NSCs are cautioned to obtain the latest edition from the SDO that publishes the standard.

21、 The responsibility for approving standards as NSCs rests with: Standards Council of Canada 270 Albert Street, Suite 200 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6N7, CANADA How to order Publications: by telephone 819-956-0425 or 1-800-665-2472 by fax 819-956-5740 by mail CGSB Sales Centre Gatineau, Canada K1A 1G6 in pe

22、rson Place du Portage Phase III, 6B1 11 Laurier Street Gatineau, Quebec by email ncr.cgsb-ongctpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca on the Web www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/ongc-cgsb NATIONAL STANDARD OF CANADA CAN/CGSB-4.2 No. 65-M91 Extended April 1997 Reaffirmed November 2013 Textile test methods Determination of strength o

23、f bonds of bonded, laminated and fused fabrics CETTE NORME NATIONALE DU CANADA EST DISPONIBLE EN VERSIONS FRANAISE ET ANGLAISE. Published June 1991 by the Canadian General Standards Board Gatineau, Canada K1A 1G6 Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1991 No part of this publication may be reproduc

24、ed in any form without the prior permission of the publisher. Prepared by the Canadian General Standards Board Approved by the CAN/CGSB-4.2 No. 65-M91 CGSB 2013 All rights reserved CANADIAN GENERAL STANDARDS BOARD Committee on Textile Test Methods and Terminology (Voting membership at date of reaffi

25、rmation) General interest category Batcheller, J. University of Alberta Carrick, D. Consultant Davie, N. Consultant Liu, S. University of Manitoba Man, T.M. Consultant Tait, C. National Defence/DSSPM Producer category Adam, C. Tencate Protective Fabrics Canada Boivin, D. E.I. DuPont Co. Lawson, L. D

26、avey Textile Solutions Leblanc, J.-M. Marv Holland Apparel Ltd. Schumann, E. Lincoln Fabrics Ltd. Taylor, V. Invista (Canada) Co. Regulator category Andersson, C. Health Canada User category Bourget, S. National Defence/QETE DEntremont, E. Royal Canadian Mounted Police Izquierdo, V. Textile Technolo

27、gies Centre Kohli, G. Sears Canada Inc. Larsen, A.-L. Exova Group Ltd. Litva, M. Canada Border Services Agency MacLeod, J. Public Works and Government Services Canada Tebbs, C. International Drycleaners Congress Secretary (non-voting) Grabowski, M. Canadian General Standards Board Acknowledgment is

28、made for the translation of this National Standard of Canada by the Translation Bureau of Public Works and Government Services Canada. CGSB 2013 All rights reserved i CAN/CGSB-4.2 No. 65-M91 Extended April 1997 Reaffirmed November 2013 Preface to the National Standard of Canada This National Standar

29、d of Canada has been extended and reaffirmed by the CGSB Committee on Textile Test Methods and Terminology. Editorial changes have been made by the addition and correction of the following paragraphs: FOREWORD This method is similar to the strength of bond test procedures forming part of ASTM D2724-

30、87, Standard Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and Laminated Apparel Fabrics. A new edition of ASTM D2724 was published in 2007 and reaffirmed in 2011. 9.1 Source of Referenced Publications The publications referred to in par. 3.1.1 may be obtained from the Canadian General Standards Board, Sales Cent

31、re, Gatineau, Canada K1A 1G6. Telephone 819-956-0425 or 1-800-665-2472. Fax 819-956-5740. E-mail ncr.cgsb-ongctpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca. Web site www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/ongc-cgsb. Extended April 1997Reaffirmed November 20134. 4.1 4.1.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 5. 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this method

32、, the following definitions apply: Bonded fabric: a layered fabric structure wherein a face or shell fabric is joined to a backing fabric, such as tricot, with an adhesive that does not significantly add to the thickness of the combined fabrics. In this context, a thin layer of foam is considered an

33、 adhesive when the cell structure is completely collapsed by a flame. Laminated fabric: a layered fabric structure wherein a face or outer fabric is joined to a continuous sheet material, such as polyurethane foam, in such a way that the identity of the continuous sheet material is retained, either

34、by the flame method or by an adhesive, and this in turn normally but not always, is joined on the back with a backing fabric such as tricot. Bond strength: the tensile force, expressed in newtons per 25 mm of width, required to separate the component layers under specified conditions. Foam tear: a c

35、ondition wherein the foam portion of a laminated fabric ruptures prior to the failure of the bond. APPARATUS Testing machines: tensile testing machines for use in this method shall have autographic recording devices and shall operate on one of the following principles: a. constant-rate-of-extension

36、(CRE) b. constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT). Constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) machine: a testing machine in which one end of the specimen is held by a virtually stationary clamp and the other end is gripped in a clamp that is driven at a constant speed. A suitable system for detecting and recording the

37、 force applied is provided. Constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) machine: a testing machine in which one end of the specimen is held by a clamp driven at a constant speed while the other end is gripped in a clamp attached to a weighing mechanism of a type that permits movement of the attached clamp, e.g.

38、, as in pendulum machines. The specimen is therefore not extended at a constant rate (Note 1). 5.1.3 The tensile testing machines shall have an accuracy of IC 2% within the range O to 100 N. 5.2 Clamps: the clamps of the machines shall be capable of holding the specimen without allowing it to slip a

39、nd shall be so designed that they do not cut or otherwise weaken the specimen. The faces of the jaws shall be plane and parallel (Note 2). When specimens cannot be satisfactorily held in this way, lining materials that will not injure the specimen (e.g., thin cork, adhesive tape) may be used on the

40、gripping surfaces. The gripping surfaces shall be at least 75 mm wide. 6. TEST SPECIMENS 6.1 The fabric shall be conditioned in accordance with CAN/CGSB-4.2 No. 2-M. 6.2 Prepare three test specimens for each test. Note I: Significant errors due to inertia are frequently encountered in testing machin

41、es in which the moving parts of the weighing mechanisms are massive (e.g., CRT machines) especially if such machines are used on materials with low extensibilities or are operated at high speeds. Caution should therefore be exercised in testing other than conventional materials and in testing specim

42、ens that fail near the lower end of the force range of such machines. The constant rate of extension (CRE) machine is preferred for testing according to this method because of the inherent lower machine-induced error in this type of machine. Note 2: As a practical method of determining the degree of

43、fatness and parallelism of the gripping surfaces of each clamp, it is recommended that a sheet of thin white paper between two sheets of carbon paper be placed between the gripping sicrfaces and the siofaces then be brought together with light pressure. Areas of contact will be shown by darkening of

44、 the white sheet. 2 Eo. 65-M91 6.2.1 6.3 6.3.1 6.4 7. 7.1 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4 7.1.5 7.1.6 7.1.7 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 If the precision with which bond strength to be measured is specified, refer to CAN/CGSB-4.2 No. 1-M for procedures to determine the number of test specimens requ

45、ired. If this is unknown, the number of specimens indicated in par. 6.2 shall be taken. Each specimen shall be 75 mm wide and at least 150 mm long; the length of the specimens corresponding to the length direction of the fabric. Samples between 50 and 75 mm wide shall be tested full width and the wi

46、dth determined in accordance with CAN/CGSB-4.2 No. 4.1-M. No specimens less than 50 mm wide should be tested. Except for narrow fabrics, the test specimen shall not be taken closer to the selvage than a distance equal to 20% of the fabric width. PROCEDURE Bonded and Fused Fabrics Manually separate t

47、he two layers of fabric along the 75 mm width of each test specimen for a distance of approximately 40 mm in the direction of the specimen length. Set the lower clamp at a distance of 25 mm from the upper clamp. Secure the separated face fabric of a test specimen in the upper clamp of the tensile te

48、sting machine in such a way that the longitudinal axis of the specimen forms a right angle with the closed clamping surface. Secure the separated backing fabric in the lower clamp of the machine in such a way that the longitudinal axis of the specimen forms a right angle with the closed jaws of the

49、lower clamp. If the indicating scale on the machine is provided with a pawl and ratchet mechanism, disengage the mechanism to permit readings of variable force when the machine is placed in operation. Operate the machine at pulling speed of 300 2 10 mm/min. To the nearest 0.1 N, determine the five highest and the five lowest peak forces recorded during 100 mm of delamination. Average these ten values and multiply the average by 25 width of specimen (mm) to obtain the bond strength per 25 mm width. , Repeat the operation described in par. 7.1.2 through 7.1.5 f