CAN CGSB-149 10-M86-1986 Determination of the Airtightness of Building Envelopes by the Fan Depressurization Method.pdf

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1、CAN/CGSB-149.10-M86 Canadian General Standalds Board 4 I“ I, , , .4/ . 4 4 _.fI/I!AThe CANADIAN GENERAL STANDARDS BOARD (CGSB), under whose auspices this National Standard of Canada has been developed is a government agency within Public Works and Government Services Canada. CGSB is engaged in the p

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20、 the Web http:/www.pwgsc.gc.ca/cgsb CAN/CGSB-149.10-M86NATIONAL STANDARD OF CANADADETERMINATION OF THE AIRTIGHTNESS OF BUILDING ENVELOPES BY THE FAN DEPRESSURIZATION METHOD Prepared by Canadian General Standards Board CGa Approved by Standards Council of Canada Published December 1986 by the Canadia

21、n General Standards Board Minister of Supply and Services Canada - 1986No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission of the publisher.CANADIAN GENERAL STANDARDS BOARDCOMMITTEE ON AIRTIGHTNESS AND AIR LEAKAGETESTING OF BUILDINGS(Membership at date of approval)

22、 Yuill, G.K. Chairman G.K. Yuill and Associates Ltd. Allen, G. Allen Associates Colantonio, T. Department of Public Works Fushtey, M. Alberta Mortgage and Housing Corporation Giesbrecht, P. Ener-Corp Management Ltd. Haysom, J.C. Scanada Consultants Ltd. Jones, W.R. Ontario Hydro Otsason, J. Consumer

23、s Gas Co. Reid, B. Retrotec Energy Innovations Ltd. Richards, G. Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development Russell, P. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation Scheuneman, E. Department of Energy, Mines and Resources Shaw, C.Y. National Research Council of Canada Sulatisky, M. Saskatchewa

24、n Research Council Woods, A.A. Air Leakage Control Systems Corp. Zdanowicz, A. Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing Humphries, W.J. Secretary Canadian General Standards Board Note: CGSB also recognizes the contributions of D. Saum of tnfiitec Inc. to the development of this standard. CA

25、N/CGS.,-149.10-M86 CAN/CGSB-149.10-MaG TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title PageScope and Field of Application2 Principle3 Terminology4 Apparatus5 Laboratory Calibration of Apparatus 26 Testing 26.1 Set-Up Procedures 26.2 Test Procedures 37 Calculations 47.1 General Description 47.2 Determination of the

26、Area of the Building Envelope 47.3 Determination of the Interior Volume Enclosed by the Building Envelope 47.4 Correction of Air Flow Readings 47.5 Correction of Pressure Difference Readings 47.6 Determination of Correlation Coefficient 57.7 Calculation of Equivalent Leakage Area 57.8 Calculation of

27、 Normalized Leakage Area 58 Test Report 5TABLE 1 Symbols 7TABLE 2 Preparation of Intentional Openings 8FIGURE 1 Area which shall be Free of Obstructions 9FIGURE 2 The General Arrangement of the Equipment during the Test showing one Possible Air Flow 11Metering SystemFIGURE 3 Recommended Locations fo

28、r Exterior Pressure Taps 13APPENDIX A Construction and Calibration of ressure Averaging Container A1APPENDIX B Calibration 81APPENDIX C Determination of the Fit of Test Data C1APPENDIX D Air Flow Corrections D1APPENDIX E Specimen Test Report E1CAN/CGSB-149.10-Ma6 CANADIAN GENERAL STANDARDS BOARDDETE

29、RMINATION OF THE AIRTIGHTNESS OF BUILDING ENVELOPES BYTHE FAN DEPRESSURIZATION METHOD1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION 1.1 This is a method for the determination of the airtightness of building envelopes. It is not a method for determining the actual air leakage which occurs through a building envel

30、ope under the influence of wind and buoyancy pressures or the operation of heating and ventilation systems. 1.2 The method is applicable to small detached buildings (especially houses) but with appropriate modifications, it can also be used for other buildings or parts of buildings. 2. PRINCIPLE A f

31、an or fans are used to exhaust air from the building at rates required to maintain specified pressure differences across the building envelope. The air flows and the pressure differences are measured. The intention is to subject the complete envelope to a simultaneous and similarly directed air pres

32、sure. The flows are corrected to reference temperature and reference pressure. The relationship between flow and pressure difference is used to calculate the equivalent leakage area of the building envelope. 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1 Airtightness: the degree to which unintentional openings in the building

33、envelope have been avoided. Building envelope: that portion of the heated structure which separates conditioned from unconditioned space andthe soil.Intentional opening: an opening in the building envelope deliberately made to fulfill a particular function.3.2 Although the definition of each quantit

34、y symbol is usually included in the paragraph in which it appears, Table 1 provides a list of quantity definitions for those quantity syrTlbols which are included in the body of the standard. 4. APPARATUS 4.1 Fan 4.1 .1 The fan or fans shall have a total air flow capacity capable of producing a pres

35、sure difference of at least 50 Pa between the inside and outside of the building envelope. (Sufficient capacity for testing new detached houses may be about 1500 Us and for older detached houses it may be about 2500 Lis.) 4.1.2 The fan shall have a variable speed control or a control damper in serie

36、s with the fan. 4.1.3 The fan shall be calibrated in air flow units or be connected to an air flow metering system. 4.1.4 The accuracy of air flow measurement shall be 5% of the measured flow rate. 4.2 Pressure-measuring apparatus - This device (e.g., a micromanometer) shall be capable of measuring

37、pressure differences from 0 to at least 50 Pa. It shall have an accuracy of 2 Pa and shall only be operated within its calibration range. 4.3 Thermometer(s) - This device shall be used to measure temperature in degrees Celsius and it shall have an accuracy of 1C. 4.4 Sealing apparatus - This apparat

38、us shall be used to seal the fan into a window or a door. 4.5 Pressure averaging and:damping equipl!lnt 4.5.1 Pressure averaging container - This device shall be suitable for connection of not less than four tubes from exterior pressure taps and.shall be constructed as described in Appendix A. 1 4.5

39、.2 Capillary tubes - A pressure averaging container shall not be required if capillary tubing, of dimensions corresponding to those in Table A-1 of Appendix A, is added to the outside ends of thetubes from the pressure taps on the exterior walls of the building (par. 6.1.12). The tubes from the outs

40、ide pressure taps shall be manifolded together before connecting to the pressure measuring device. 5. LABORATORY CALIBRATION OF APPARATUS 5.1 All equipment shall be calibrated originally. Recalibrate all measuring devices when any major component is replaced. 5.2 Calibrate the air flow measuring dev

41、ice in accordance with the manufacturers instructions or alternatively, calibrate it in accordance with Appendix B-1 and record this fact. 5.3 When the fan is calibrated, calibrate it in accordance with Appendix B-2. 5.4 Calibrate the pressure measuring device in accordance with the manufacturers in

42、structions or alternatively, calibrate it in accordance with Appendix B-3. 6. TESTING 6.1 Set-Up Procedures* 6.1.1 Measure and record the outdoor air temperature, to. 6.1.2 If par. 7.1.3 will be used to calculate corrected volumetric air flow rates at ambient test conditions, record the ambient atmo

43、spheric pressure, Pa. A report on the atmospheric pressure from the local weather station if not corrected t6 sea level, should normally be sufficient. 6.1.3 Include in the test all rooms which are heated to more than 10C except rooms with separate ventilation (e.g., boiler room, enclosed furnace ro

44、oms and garages). 6.1.4 Switch off all fuel combustion equipment, exhaust fans, vented dryers and air conditioners. 6.1.5 Shut off all pilot lights on vented gas-fired appliances. 6.1.6 Prepare intentional openings as detailed in Table 2. 6.1.7 Remove or cover ashes in fireplaces. Check chimneys and

45、 furnace flues for excessive soot and do not perform the test if soot is likely to enter the building. 6.1.8 Open all interior doors except those to rooms which are not included in the test (par. 6.1.3). 6.1.9 Install the test apparatus such that air will be exhausted from the building. To eliminate

46、 the possibility of disturbance of the flow entering the nozzle when using a bell-mouthed nozzle apparatus, ensure that no obstructions are placed within one throat diameter away from the centre of the nozzle entrance as shown in Figure 1A. When using a blower door apparatus, ensure that no obstruct

47、ions are placed within the width of the door and closer than three quarters of one fan diameter in front of the fan as shown in Figure 1B. Figure 2 shows the general arrangement of the apparatus during the test. 6.1.10 Routine Inspection - After setting up the apparatus, take the following steps to

48、check all the measuring devices. 6.1 .10.1 Visually inspect for various physical defects. 6.1.10.2 Visually inspect for proper installation in accordance with manufacturers specification. 6.1.10.3 Inspect the levelling of devices which require this precaution (e.g., a manometer). 6.1.10.4 Ensure tha

49、t all indicators are at zero settings. 6.1.11 Seal the joints between the apparatus and the envelope. * It is recommended that the test not be conducted if the wind speed is greater than 20 km/h. 2 CAN/CGSB149.10-M86 6.1.12 Attach the exterior pressure taps to the exterior walls of the building envelope such that all the square-cut ends point upwards or downwards. For detached residences, secure the exterior pressure taps at points at least 2 m above grade if possible, and at the horizontal mid-points of the principal exterior walls facing in each direction. See F