BS ISO IEC 2382-36-2013 Information technology Vocabulary Learning education and training《信息技术 词汇 学习 教育和培训》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013Information technology VocabularyPart 36: Learning, education and trainingCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-

2、,-,-BS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC2382-36:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IST/43, Information technology for learning, educationand training.A list of organizations re

3、presented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 58

4、0 83303 8ICS 01.040.35; 35.020Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedCopyright Britis

5、h Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013Reference numberNumro de rfrenceISO/IEC 2382-36:2013(E/F)ISO/IEC 2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONAL

6、E ISO/IEC2382-36Second editionDeuxime dition2013-11-15Information technology Vocabulary Part 36: Learning, education and training Technologies de linformation Vocabulaire Partie 36: Apprentissage, education et formation Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI -

7、 Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013(E/F) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT DOCUMENT PROTG PAR COPYRIGHT ISO/IEC 2013 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication m

8、ay be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of th

9、e requester. / Droits de reproduction rservs. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut tre reproduite ni utilise sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procd, lectronique ou mcanique, y compris la photocopie, laffichage sur linternet ou sur un Intranet, sans autoris

10、ation crite pralable. Les demandes dautorisation peuvent tre adresses lISO ladresse ci-aprs ou au comit membre de lISO dans le pays du demandeur. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in S

11、witzerland/Publi en Suisse ii ISO/IEC 2013 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservsCopyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013ISO/IEC 2382-3

12、6:2013(E/F) iii Contents Page Foreword v Introduction ix Section 1: General 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Normative references 1 1.3 Principles and rules followed . 2 1.3.1 Definition of an entry . 2 1.3.2 Organization of an entry 2 1.3.3 Classification of entries . 3 1.3.4 Selection of terms and wording of defin

13、itions . 3 1.3.5 Multiple meanings . 3 1.3.6 Abbreviations 4 1.3.7 Use of parentheses . 4 1.3.8 Use of terms printed in bold or italic typeface in definitions and the use of an asterisk . 4 1.3.9 Spelling . 5 1.3.10 Organization of the alphabetical index 5 Section 2: Terms and definitions 36 Informa

14、tion technology for learning, education and traning . 6 36.01 General terms 6 36.02 Users, organizations, roles 7 36.03 Systems and tools . 7 36.04 Supportive processes 8 36.05 Resources and content 8 36.06 Teaching and learning . 9 36.07 Learner information . 9 Annex A (normative) Terms and definit

15、ions: Russian Federation A.1 Introduction . 10 A.2 Russian (rus) / Cyrillic (Cyrl) . 10 A.3 Russian index 13 Annex B (informative) Terms and definitions: Republic of Korea B.1 Introduction . 14 B.2 Korean (kor) / Hangul (Hang) 14 B.3 Korean index . 16 Annex C (informative) Terms and definitions: Jap

16、an C.1 Introduction . 18 C.2 Japanese (jpn) . 18 C.3 Japanese index . 20 Annex D (informative) Terms and definitions: China D.1 Introduction . 22 D.2 Chinese (zho) / Han (Hans) . 22 D.3 Chinese index 24 Alphabetical indexes English . 25 French . 27 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by

17、 IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013(E/F) iv Sommaire Page Avant-propos .vii Introduction x Section 1: Gnralits 1.1 Domaine dapplication .1 1.2 Rfrences normative

18、s .1 1.3 Principes dtablissement et rgles suivies 2 1.3.1 Dfinition de larticle 2 1.3.2 Constitution dun article .2 1.3.3 Classification des articles3 1.3.4 Choix des termes et des dfinitions 3 1.3.5 Pluralit de sens ou polysmie .3 1.3.6 Abrviations 4 1.3.7 Emploi des parenthses .4 1.3.8 Emploi dans

19、 les dfinitions de termes imprims en caractres gras ou italiques et de lastrisque 4 1.3.9 Orthographe 5 1.3.10 Constitution de lindex alphabtique .5 Section 2: Termes et dfinitions 36 Technologie de linformation pour lapprentissage, lducation et la formation .6 36.01 Termes gnraux 6 36.02 Utilisateu

20、rs, organisations et rles 7 36.03 Systmes et outils .7 36.04 Processus de soutien 8 36.05 Ressources et contenus .8 36.06 Enseignement et apprentissage .9 36.07 Informations concernant lapprenant 9 Annex A (normative) Termes et dfinitions: Fdration de russie A.1 Introduction10 A.2 Russe (rus) / cyri

21、llique (Cyrl) .10 A.3 Index russe 13 Annex B (informative) Termes et dfinitions: Rpublique de Core B.1 Introduction14 B.2 Coren (kor) / hangl (Hang) 14 B.3 Index coren .16 Annex C (informative) Termes et dfinitions: Japon C.1 Introduction18 C.2 Japonais (jpn) 18 C.3 Index japonais .20 Annex D (infor

22、mative) Termes et dfinitions: Chine D.1 Introduction22 D.2 Chinois (zho) / Han (Hans) .22 D.3 Index chinois .24 Index alphabtiques Anglais .25 Franais 27 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking per

23、mitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013(E/F) v Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members

24、 of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organi

25、zations, governmental and nongovernmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC D

26、irectives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of

27、 the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 2382-36 was prepared by Joint Technical Committe

28、e ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 36, Information technology for learning, education, and training. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 2382-36:2008), which has been technically revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO/IEC 238

29、2-36:2008/Cor.1:2012. ISO/IEC 2382 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Vocabulary: Part 1: Fundamental terms Part 2: Arithmetic and logic operations Part 3: Equipment technology Part 4: Organization of data Part 5: Representation of data Part 6: Preparatio

30、n and handling of data Part 7: Computer programming Part 8: Security Part 9: Data communication Part 10: Operating techniques and facilities Part 12: Peripheral equipment Part 13: Computer graphics Part 14: Reliability, maintainability and availability Part 15: Programming languages Part 16: Informa

31、tion theory Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013(E/F) vi Part 17: Databases Part 18: Distributed data processin

32、g Part 19: Analog computing Part 20: System development Part 21: Interfaces between process computer systems and technical processes Part 22: Calculators Part 23: Text processing Part 24: Computer-integrated manufacturing Part 25: Local area networks Part 26: Open systems interconnection Part 27: Of

33、fice automation Part 28: Artificial intelligence Basic concepts and expert systems Part 29: Artificial intelligence Speech recognition and synthesis Part 31: Artificial intelligence Machine learning Part 32: Electronic Mail Part 34: Artificial intelligence Neural networks Part 36: Learning, educatio

34、n and training Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013(E/F) vii Avant-propos LISO (Organisation internationale de

35、normalisation) et la CEI (Commission lectrotechnique internationale) forment le systme spcialis de la normalisation mondiale. Les organismes nationaux membres de lISO ou de la CEI participent au dveloppement de Normes internationales par lintermdiaire des comits techniques crs par lorganisation conc

36、erne afin de soccuper des domaines particuliers de lactivit technique. Les comits techniques de lISO et de la CEI collaborent dans des domaines dintrt commun. Dautres organisations internationales, gouvernementales ou non gouvernementales, en liaison avec lISO et la CEI, participent galement aux tra

37、vaux. Dans le domaine des technologies de linformation, lISO et la CEI ont cr un comit technique mixte, lISO/CEI JTC 1. Les Normes internationales sont rdiges conformment aux rgles donnes dans les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 2. La tche principale du comit technique mixte est dlaborer les Normes inter

38、nationales. Les projets de Normes internationales adopts par le comit technique mixte sont soumis aux organismes nationaux pour vote. Leur publication comme Normes internationales requiert lapprobation de 75 % au moins des organismes nationaux votants. Lattention est appele sur le fait que certains

39、des lments du prsent document peuvent faire lobjet de droits de proprit intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. LISO et la CEI ne sauraient tre tenues pour responsables de ne pas avoir identifi de tels droits de proprit et averti de leur existence. LISO/CEI 2382-36 a t labore par le comit technique m

40、ixte ISO/CEI JTC 1, Technologies de linformation, sous-comit SC 36, Technologies pour lducation, la formation et lapprentissage. Cette deuxime dition annule et remplace la premire dition (ISO/CEI 2382-36:2008), qui a fait lobjet dune rvision technique. Elle incorpore galement le Rectificatif techniq

41、ue ISO/CEI 2382-36:2008/Cor.1:2012. LISO/CEI 2382 comprend les parties suivantes, prsentes sous le titre gnral de Technologies de linformation Vocabulaire: Partie 1: Termes fondamentaux Partie 2: Oprations arithmtiques et logiques Partie 3: Technologie du matriel Partie 4: Organisation des donnes Pa

42、rtie 5: Reprsentation des donnes Partie 6: Prparation et manipulation des donnes Partie 7: Programmation des ordinateurs Partie 8: Scurit Partie 9: Communication de donnes Partie 10: Techniques et moyens dexploitation Partie 12: Priphriques Partie 13: Infographie Partie 14: Fiabilit, maintenabilit e

43、t disponibilit Partie 15: Langages de programmation Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013(E/F) viii Partie 16: T

44、horie de linformation Partie 17: Bases de donnes Partie 18: Informatique rpartie Partie 19: Calcul analogique Partie 20: Dveloppement de systme Partie 21: Interfaces entre calculateurs de processus et processus techniques Partie 22: Calculatrices Partie 23: Traitement de texte Partie 24: Productique

45、 Partie 25: Rseaux locaux Partie 26: Interconnexion de systmes ouverts Partie 27: Bureautique Partie 28: Intelligence artificielle Notions fondamentales et systmes experts Partie 29: Intelligence artificielle Reconnaissance et synthse de la parole Partie 31: Intelligence artificielle Apprentissage a

46、utomatique Partie 32: Courrier lectronique Partie 34: Intelligence artificielle Rseaux neuronaux Partie 36: Apprentissage, ducation et formation Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted wi

47、thout license from IHS-,-,-BS ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013ISO/IEC 2382-36:2013(E/F) ix Introduction Information technology gives rise to numerous international exchanges of both an intellectual and a material nature. These exchanges often become difficult, either because of the great variety of terms used in various fields or languages to express the same concept, or because of the absence or imprecision