BS ISO 5667-17-2008 Water quality - Sampling - Guidance on sampling of bulk suspended solids《水质 取样 块状悬浮固体的取样指南》.pdf

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1、BS ISO5667-17:2008ICS 13.060.45NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDWater quality SamplingPart 17: Guidance on sampling of bulksuspended solidsThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 31 Oct

2、ober2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 55614 2Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 5667-17:2008National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 5667-17:2008. Itsupersedes BS ISO 5667-17:2000 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was en

3、trusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/3/6, Sampling (of technical committee EH/3 - Waterquality).A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible f

4、or its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS ISO 5667-17:2008Reference numberISO 5667-17:2008(E)ISO 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO5667-17Second edition2008-10-01Water quality Sampling Part 17: Guidance on sampling of bulk suspended sol

5、ids Qualit de leau chantillonnage Partie 17: Lignes directrices pour lchantillonnage des matires solides en suspension BS ISO 5667-17:2008ISO 5667-17:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed bu

6、t shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this

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10、749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reservedBS ISO 5667-17:2008ISO 5667-17:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction . vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Strategies

11、and goals of sampling suspended solids 2 4.1 Sampling programme and sampling plan 2 4.2 The dependency of the content of suspended solids on discharge . 2 4.3 Sampling frequency, duration, and timing. 3 4.4 Sampling points 3 5 Sampling equipment. 4 5.1 General. 4 5.2 Passive samplers 4 5.3 Bag sampl

12、er 4 5.4 Bulk samplers . 4 6 Methods for sampling suspended solids.5 6.1 General. 5 6.2 Centrifuging methods. 5 6.3 Settling methods. 8 6.4 Filtration methods. 11 6.5 Tangential-flow filtration 12 6.6 Pumping requirements. 13 7 On site measurements . 14 8 Post collection sample handling and analysis

13、 15 8.1 General. 15 8.2 Identification of samples 15 8.3 Sampling record 15 8.4 Preservation 15 8.5 Transport of samples . 16 9 Quality assurance of field samples. 16 9.1 General. 16 9.2 Quality assurance specific to centrifuges .16 9.3 Suspended solids characterisation 17 10 Interpretation of data

14、17 10.1 General. 17 10.2 Variability in time 17 10.3 Variability in space . 18 10.4 Implications for data interpretation 18 10.5 Field methods for reducing uncertainty. 18 11 Safety precautions 19 Annex A (informative) Information on suspended solids and their sampling . 20 Annex B (informative) Des

15、cription of sampling devices 22 Bibliography . 27 BS ISO 5667-17:2008ISO 5667-17:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International St

16、andards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also

17、 take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committee

18、s is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possib

19、ility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 5667-17 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 6, Sampling (general methods). This second

20、 edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 5667-17:2000), which has been technically revised. ISO 5667 consists of the following parts, under the general title Water quality Sampling: Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes and sampling techniques Part 3: Guidance on the pres

21、ervation and handling of water samples Part 4: Guidance on sampling from lakes, natural and man-made Part 5: Guidance on sampling of drinking water from treatment works and piped distribution systems Part 6: Guidance on sampling of rivers and streams Part 7: Guidance on sampling of water and steam i

22、n boiler plants Part 8: Guidance on the sampling of wet deposition Part 9: Guidance on sampling from marine waters Part 10: Guidance on sampling of waste waters Part 11: Guidance on sampling of groundwaters Part 12: Guidance on sampling of bottom sediments Part 13: Guidance on sampling of sludges fr

23、om sewage and water treatment works Part 14: Guidance on quality assurance of environmental water sampling and handling Part 15: Guidance on preservation and handling of sludge and sediment samples BS ISO 5667-17:2008ISO 5667-17:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved v Part 16: Guidance on biotesting

24、of samples Part 17: Guidance on sampling of bulk suspended solids Part 18: Guidance on sampling of groundwater at contaminated sites Part 19: Guidance on sampling of marine sediments Part 20: Guidance on the use of sampling data for decision making Compliance with thresholds and classification syste

25、ms The following parts are under preparation: Part 21: Guidance on sampling of drinking water distributed by tankers or means other than distribution pipes Part 22: Guidance on design and installation of groundwater sample points Part 23: Determination of significant pollutants in surface waters usi

26、ng passive sampling BS ISO 5667-17:2008ISO 5667-17:2008(E) vi ISO 2008 All rights reservedIntroduction This part of ISO 5667 reflects the important role of suspended solids in flowing water, especially of the silt plus clay ( 0,45 m; e) fairly inexpensive; f) advantageous when calculating loads, bec

27、ause the dissolved portion, which may not be negligible in determining the load, is immediately accessible; g) sample taking can be variable (e.g. for establishing depth and horizontal profiles). 6.4.3 Disadvantages of filtration processes The disadvantages of filtration processes are: a) the filter

28、s rapidly become clogged; b) only a very small mass of sediment is collected, which can lead to relatively large analytical errors; c) filtration can be very slow (vacuum filtration may take several days), and so the original equilibrium may shift from dissolved to particulate-bound; d) as the syste

29、m is relatively susceptible to contamination (filtering, drying), contamination originating elsewhere, although very slight, can have a strong influence on the results; e) only limited suitability for organic contents; f) because of the small mass of sediment, other analyses such as particle size an

30、alysis or analysis of the fine-particle fraction are not possible. 6.5 Tangential-flow filtration 6.5.1 General This type of particle/fluid separation, also known as ultra-filtration, is generally used for the separation of the 3 m fraction including colloids. However, this size is dependent upon th

31、e nominal pore size of the filters used, flow rate and other factors. A sample is initially collected using other samplers, such as those from the passive category or by pumping into a storage container. The system employs a stack of membrane filters, separated by gaskets that channel the flow acros

32、s the surface of the membranes. The suspended solid/water mixture is pumped (generally with a peristaltic pump) across the filters with the retained suspended solid (that of a size larger than the nominal pore size of the filters) swept tangentially across the filter stack and out into the original

33、sampler container where it is recycled through the system again. Filtrate and suspended solid which is small enough to pass through the pores of the filters is removed from the system. This recycling process is generally continued until the original sample volume is reduced to less than 1 l (Referen

34、ces 13, 14). Deployment strategies for tangential flow filtration can be found in References 13 and 14. Operation of the unit should be according to manufacturers specifications. There is no published literature on quality assurance of tangential-flow units. CAUTION Re-use of filters and attached tu

35、bing requires cleaning, with reagent or pesticide-grade solvents. Handling and disposal of such solvents requires great care and should be in accordance with national regulations. Care should be taken to collect samples in appropriately cleaned sample BS ISO 5667-17:2008ISO 5667-17:2008(E) ISO 2008

36、All rights reserved 13containers (see ISO 5667-3) and with proper inert utensils when working with the bulk suspended solids. 6.5.2 Operational considerations for tangential flow filtration The following factors should be considered. a) The final suspended solid sample can contain particle sizes int

37、o the colloidal size range, depending on the filter pore size employed. This size fraction, because of its large surface area, has the highest concentration of adsorbed chemical substances. However, suspended solid separation is relatively slow (slower than continuous-flow centrifugation). b) Filter

38、 clogging can result in a downward shift in nominal pore size, resulting in better retention of very small particles, but at reduced flow rates. c) Frequent filter replacement is often required, depending on the manufacturer and nature of use, can involve significant cost and generally has a greater

39、 clean-up time required than for other methods. d) This technique has not been widely used in routine field situations. Thus, there is relatively little known of the operational problems associated with tangential flow apparatus from different manufacturers. e) This system is much smaller than conti

40、nuous-flow systems and is less expensive to purchase, but can be more expensive to operate because of cost of replacement filters (Reference 14). 6.6 Pumping requirements Most bulk samplers require that the suspended solids/water mixture be pumped from the water column into the bulk sampler or into

41、a storage container. There are numerous types of pump ranging from submersible to peristaltic pumps, which have been used for water quality sampling. The composition (plastics such as PTFE, metal, etc.) of pump parts that are in contact with the water, and the composition of the hosing that carries

42、the water to the sampling apparatus can be important, depending on the type of chemical analyses required in the sampling programme. Submersible pumps should be magnetically driven so that there is no chance of leakage of lubricating and cooling oil from the submersible electric motor into the impel

43、ler housing. Pumped samples are appropriate for all aquatic environments, providing that isokinetic sampling (3.3) is not a requirement of the sampling protocol. Very few pumps can sample isokinetically. However, in practice, this is not generally a problem, especially as: a) in many rivers the majo

44、rity of suspended solids are silt plus clay particles; and b) the particle-size range of interest in the chemistry of suspended solids is usually the 63 m fraction (Reference 20). Pumps are difficult to use for depth-integrated sampling. Therefore, if a river transports a significant proportion of s

45、and particles, pump samplers are likely to undersample this population (sand is generally transported near the bed). For environmental chemistry this might not be critical, because chemical enrichment of solids is mainly in the silt plus clay 63 m fraction. There are a number of practical advantages

46、 to using pumps as follows. a) Pumps are the only practical means of moving large volumes of water to the bulk sampler and can be easily deployed in any aquatic environment. b) Because of the length of time involved, pumps average out any short-term temporal variations in solids chemistry that are c

47、ommonly observed in the water column. c) Pumps are relatively inexpensive and are easily dismantled for cleaning. BS ISO 5667-17:2008ISO 5667-17:2008(E) 14 ISO 2008 All rights reservedd) Fine suspended solid in water is usually transported as flocculated solids (Reference 11), however pumps break up

48、 these flocs. While not important for solids chemistry, this is important if the sampling programme is interested in measuring the natural particle sizes that exist in the water column. e) Particle sizes sampled can be biased due to the non-isokinetic nature of most pump samplers. f) The chemical co

49、mposition of the hose material (e.g. rubber) and pump construction can affect the suspended solid chemistry. Hosing can be obtained in stainless steel, PTFE and other non-contaminating materials. For research purposes, the deployment of sampling pumps depends upon the questions to be resolved by the data collected by the pumping programme. However, for routine monitoring purposes the following protocol is recommended, especially when there are constraints of time and budget