BS ISO 5127-2017 Information and documentation Foundation and vocabulary《信息与文献 基础和词汇》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Information and documentation Foundation and vocabularyBS ISO 5127:2017 ISO 2017Information and documentation Foundation and vocabularyInformation et documentation Fondations et vocabulaireINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO5127S

2、econd edition2017-05Reference numberISO 5127:2017(E)National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 5127:2017.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IDT/2, Information and documentation.A list of organizations represented on this committee

3、 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 77177 4ICS 01.040.01;

4、01.140.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 5127

5、:2017 ISO 2017Information and documentation Foundation and vocabularyInformation et documentation Fondations et vocabulaireINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO5127Second edition2017-05Reference numberISO 5127:2017(E)BS ISO 5127:2017ISO 5127:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO

6、 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permissi

7、on. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 5127:2017ISO 5127:2017

8、(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents Foreword . v Introduction . vi 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 1 3.1 Basic and framework concepts . 1 3.1.1 Basic concepts . 1 3.1.2 Framework concepts . 11 3.1.3 Evaluation and statistics 15 3.1.4 Signs, characters and symbols

9、. 16 3.1.5 Language and terminology 19 3.1.6 Writing systems and transcription 27 3.1.7 Types of relations . 30 3.1.8 Communication and information 33 3.1.9 Digital communication . 37 3.1.10 Types of data 41 3.1.11 Basic operations on data 47 3.1.12 Digital data processing . 51 3.1.13 Data represent

10、ation in databases. 57 3.2 Basic concepts for information and documentation 62 3.2.1 General concepts . 62 3.2.2 Study fields related to documentation 69 3.2.3 Institutions in documentation . 71 3.2.4 Professions and functions in documentation . 77 3.2.5 Numbering systems, identifiers, connectors 79

11、 3.3 Objects, data media, documents 84 3.3.1 Object and document values . 84 3.3.2 Objects and data media 85 3.3.3 Documents by medium . 90 3.3.4 Processes in the intellectual production of documents 95 3.3.5 Physical production of documents . 98 3.4 Documents . 105 3.4.1 General concepts 105 3.4.2

12、Derived documents . 114 3.4.3 Documents by acquisition status . 115 3.4.4 Records, legal and archival documents . 115 3.4.5 Special types of documents 118 3.4.6 Documents by originator and intended purpose . 130 3.4.7 Documents by main feature . 132 3.5 Tertiary documents 144 3.5.1 General concepts

13、144 3.5.2 Catalogues and archival registers 149 3.5.3 Documents and parts of documents reflecting archival registering . 152 3.5.4 Documents and parts of documents reflecting content analysis and content description . 153 3.5.5 Reference works 154 3.5.6 Services to obtain documents . 156 3.5.7 Parts

14、 of documents used in the bibliographic description . 157 BS ISO 5127:2017ISO 5127:2017(E) iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved3.5.8 Intellectual parts of documents 158 3.5.9 Physical parts of documents 166 3.6 Holdings of information and documentation organizations 175 3.6.1 Types of collections . 175 3

15、.6.2 Collection planning, development and acquisition . 178 3.6.3 Archival sets of documents . 181 3.6.4 Institutions . 187 3.6.5 Archival operations and archival collection management . 196 3.7 Analysis, representation and content description of documents and data 198 3.7.1 Main elements at the bas

16、is of the description . 198 3.7.2 Description and cataloguing 199 3.7.3 Headings 205 3.7.4 Titles . 206 3.8 Content analysis and content description . 208 3.8.1 General concepts 208 3.8.2 Indexing and evaluation of indexing results 210 3.8.3 Thesauri and terms . 212 3.8.4 Thesauri and their elements

17、 220 3.8.5 Classifications and their elements . 223 3.8.6 Types of classifications 226 3.9 Storage . 228 3.9.1 General concepts 228 3.9.2 Filing and shelving . 229 3.10 Search and retrieval 231 3.10.1 General concepts 231 3.10.2 Search methods and elements . 232 3.10.3 Search operations and evaluati

18、on of their results . 236 3.11 Use of information and documents 238 3.11.1 Access to information . 238 3.11.2 Use of information . 242 3.11.3 Infrastructure 243 3.11.4 Types of use 247 3.11.5 Services 248 3.11.6 Administration 249 3.11.7 Usage studies and performance measures . 251 3.12 Preservation

19、 of documents. 254 3.12.1 General concepts 254 3.12.2 Properties of materials relevant to preservation 257 3.12.3 Processes involved in the manufacture or conservation of documents . 261 3.12.4 Types of damage to documents . 262 3.12.5 Agents causing damage to documents 265 3.12.6 Conservation measu

20、res . 266 3.13 Legal aspects of information and documentation 270 3.13.1 General concepts 270 3.13.2 Literary, artistic and industrial property 271 3.13.3 Authors rights . 273 3.13.4 Privacy and data protection . 275 3.13.5 Data protection and security . 276 Annex A (informative) ISO 5127 SKOS Descr

21、iption 278 English alphabetical index 303 BS ISO 5127:2017ISO 5127:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is norm

22、ally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and nongovernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in th

23、e work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the

24、 different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this docum

25、ent may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org

26、/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as informatio

27、n about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation. This second edition cancels and replaces the

28、first edition (ISO 5127:2001), which has been technically revised. ISO 5127 was previously published as a series of parts (from 1981). BS ISO 5127:2017ISO 5127:2017(E) vi ISO 2017 All rights reserved0 Introduction 0.1 General This document presents terms and definitions for selected concepts relevan

29、t to the field of information and documentation. It includes a good deal of foundational terms and definitions, also from international guidelines and reference works by organizations in liaison with ISO/TC 46. Thus, it serves as a sound basis in the understanding of existing as well as possibly pro

30、jected information and documentation systems by systematically presenting wellestablished terminology. It is, thus, also intended as a tool to help in new developments to come, by underpinning scientific research projects and helping to organize them, through mutual understanding of some of the foun

31、dations. And this document is likewise intended as a handy, quick and comprehensive reference tool also for the newly inaugurated to the field. Proper attention has therefore been paid to a clear, easy to follow structure of the document. In its function as a handbook, this document may also be rega

32、rded as a legitimate and improved successor of wellknown reference works like, e.g. the widely disseminated UNESCO “Terminology of documentation” of 1976 and others (see Bibliography). This document has 13 main classes. It aims to provide a logical structure in the field of information and documenta

33、tion. The closer coalescence of the diverse professions Archives, Libraries, Museums, Printing and IT, within documentation, in some parts rests on digitization as the basis of this process. This has also led, to some degree, to the reformulation of documentation and its processes in terms of ITdriv

34、en concepts and models. Working with digital objects and systems has by no means diminished the importance of terminology and terminological precision for and in the subject field. On the contrary, this importance is underlined even more since the concepts and terms representing the objects need to

35、be even more precise when, possibly, farreaching automatic processing of data takes place. In any case, it is vital to keep conceptual conformance between the documentation terminology and the IT terminology in this subject field and to strive for the matching of terms and concepts so that an integr

36、ated, overall system of documentation and its applications remains visible. 0.2 Main contents of this document This document provides a wellbalanced selection of both abstract and concrete concepts (and their terms). Documentation and work in the documentation field today are increasingly characteri

37、zed by the standard use of abstract models of the information field and of the communication flows in it, also for the design and optimization of information systems. This type of work requires, substantially refers to, and rests upon the structuring and exploration of the field by abstract reasonin

38、g and models, incorporated in the respective abstract concepts. This document satisfies the need for such abstract concepts, but also the equally required provision of a large number of concrete concepts (and terms) for concrete objects, documents and processes. ISO 5127, in its balanced approach, t

39、hus covers main components that constitute the information field: abstract general concepts for the nature of information, of systems building, of identifying concept systems, and of the basic communication features of language (thus also keeping the bridge to information science, and to other scien

40、ces relevant for documentation); a basic stock of vocabulary required and demanded to understand, analyse, and apply main documentation operations (to represent concept systems, for indexing, cataloguing, classifying); the required consideration of the storage and preservation of documents and of do

41、cumentation results, and some legal aspects of documentation; BS ISO 5127:2017ISO 5127:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved vii a basic stock of vocabulary required and demanded to understand, analyse, and work with the institutions in the field; and, in particular, a basic stock of vocabulary requi

42、red and demanded to understand, analyse, and work with the main “raw material” basis of documentation, the large variety of documents and components of documents. Vocabulary is provided for the general types of documents and their main subdivisions, and a number of concepts and their terms for parti

43、cular special kinds of documents which are highly relevant but not always encountered in daily mass practice. Notably, some needs of special collections are addressed here, too. Both documents that are the result of, or considerably assist in, documentation are in focus, and a number of documents an

44、d their parts whose terminology is needed because these documents constitute important main objects for making societal documentation and information processes work. This particular attention to “documents” and their parts concerns old and new ones: both those that are, and need to be, subject to do

45、cumentation processes as well as those which are the result of such processes or serve as guidance in this work. 0.3 Functions of this document The presentday situation of documentation and its field is also largely characterized by closer cooperation and sometimes merging of its individual professi

46、onal areas and professions like librarianship, archivistics, text documentation, editing, media documentation, printing, publishing, sound and visual documents, broadcasting, museology, document conservation and more. ISO 5127 is intended to serve as a tool for the representation, and mutual underst

47、anding, of the specific terminology in the documentation field and at the same time for the closer cooperation of its different professional branches, while at the same time respecting the organizational autonomy, traditions and specific work procedures and related terminology of and between them. A

48、s a terminology standard, among the main functions it serves are the following: to be a quick onestop shop, a reference pool showing a compr ehensive overview of the entirety of the terminology (terms) and its individual pieces in the field, also for ISO/TC 46 and its field of work; to provide an in

49、terrelated conceptual overview, based on the underlying elaborate concept system, of the field of information and documentation as a whole, thus creating a summary of main terminology of the field, for the use of ISO/TC 46, related Committees and the entire information community; to facilitate international communication both between countr ies and within international organizations, on all matters within the scope of this document; and so, at the same time (both national and international) between the individual professions