BS ISO 2041-2009 Mechanical vibration shock and condition monitoring - Vocabulary《机械振动、冲击以及状态监控 词汇》.pdf

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1、BS ISO 2041:2009ICS 01.040.17; 17.160NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDMechanical vibration,shock and conditionmonitoring VocabularyThis British Standardwas published underthe authority of theStandards Policy andStrategy Committee on 30November 200

2、9. BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 60285 6Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS ISO 2041:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 2041:2009. Itsupersedes BS 3015:1991 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technica

3、lCommittee GME/21/1, Vibration and shock terminology.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance w

4、ith a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS ISO 2041:2009Reference numberISO 2041:2009(E)ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO2041Third edition2009-08-01Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring Vocabulary Vibrations et chocs mcaniques, et leur surveillance Vocabul

5、aire BS ISO 2041:2009ISO 2041:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing t

6、he editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file

7、can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretar

8、iat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2009 The reproduction of the terms and definitions contained in this International Standard is permitted in teaching manuals, instruction booklets, technical publications and journals for strictly educational or implementation purposes

9、. The conditions for such reproduction are: that no modifications are made to the terms and definitions; that such reproduction is not permitted for dictionaries or similar publications offered for sale; and that this International Standard is referenced as the source document. With the sole excepti

10、ons noted above, no other part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO co

11、pyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reservedBS ISO 2041:2009ISO 2041:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v Scop

12、e.1 1 General .1 2 Vibration.15 3 Mechanical shock29 4 Transducers for shock and vibration measurement .31 5 Signal processing .34 6 Condition monitoring and diagnostics .40 Bibliography43 Alphabetical index44 BS ISO 2041:2009ISO 2041:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the Internat

13、ional Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has bee

14、n established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical stand

15、ardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for

16、 voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all

17、 such patent rights. ISO 2041 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 2041:1990) which has been technically revised. This revision reflects advances in technology and refinem

18、ents in terms used in the previous version. As such, it incorporates more precise definitions of some terms reflecting changes in accepted meaning. New terms which were driven by changes in technology (primarily in the areas of signal processing, condition monitoring and vibration and shock diagnost

19、ics and prognostics) and, in order to be a stand-alone standard, terms from ISO 2041:1990 still in common usage are incorporated. BS ISO 2041:2009ISO 2041:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved vIntroduction Vocabulary is the most basic of subjects for standardization. Without an accepted standard for

20、 the definition of terminology, the development of other technical standards in a technical area becomes a laborious and time-consuming task that would ultimately result in the inefficient use of time and a high probability of misinterpretation. BS ISO 2041:2009BS ISO 2041:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

21、 ISO 2041:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring Vocabulary Scope This International Standard defines terms and expressions unique to the areas of mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring. 1 General 1.1 displacement relative displacemen

22、t vibration and shock time varying quantity that specifies the change in position of a point on a body with respect to a reference frame NOTE 1 The reference frame is usually a set of axes at a mean position or a position of rest. In general, a rotation displacement vector, a translation displacemen

23、t vector, or both can represent the displacement. NOTE 2 A displacement is designated as relative displacement if it is measured with respect to a reference frame other than the primary reference frame designated in a given case. NOTE 3 Displacement can be: oscillatory, in which case simple harmonic

24、 components can be defined by the displacement amplitude (and frequency), or random, in which case the root-mean-square (rms) displacement (and band-width and probability density distribution) can be used to define the probability that the displacement will have values within any given range. Displa

25、cements of short time duration are defined as transient displacements. Non-oscillatory displacements are defined as sustained displacements, if of long duration, or as displacement pulses, if of short duration. 1.2 velocity relative velocity vibration and shock rate of change of displacement NOTE 1

26、In general, velocity is time-dependent. NOTE 2 The reference frame is usually a set of axes at a mean position or a position of rest. In general, a rotation velocity vector, a translation velocity vector, or both can represent the velocity. NOTE 3 A velocity is designated as relative velocity if it

27、is measured with respect to a reference frame other than the primary reference frame designated in a given case. The relative velocity between two points is the vector difference between the velocities of the two points. NOTE 4 Velocity can be: oscillatory, in which case simple harmonic components c

28、an be defined by the velocity amplitude (and frequency), or random, in which case the root-mean-square (rms) velocity (and band-width and probability density distribution) can be used to define the probability that the velocity will have values within any given range. Velocities of short time durati

29、on are defined as transient velocities. Non-oscillatory velocities are defined as sustained velocities, if of long duration. BS ISO 2041:2009ISO 2041:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved1.3 acceleration relative acceleration vibration and shock rate of change of velocity NOTE 1 In general, acceler

30、ation is time-dependent. NOTE 2 The reference frame is usually a set of axes at a mean position or a position of rest. In general, a rotation acceleration vector, a translation acceleration vector, or both and the Coriolis acceleration can represent the acceleration. NOTE 3 An acceleration is design

31、ated as relative acceleration if it is measured with respect to a reference frame other than the inertial reference frame designated in a given case. The relative acceleration between two points is the vector difference between the accelerations of the two points. NOTE 4 In the case of time-dependen

32、t accelerations, various self-explanatory modifiers, such as peak, average, and rms (root-mean-square), are often used. The time intervals over which the average or root-mean-square values are taken should be indicated or implied. NOTE 5 Acceleration can be: oscillatory, in which case simple harmoni

33、c components can be defined by the acceleration amplitude (and frequency), or random, in which case the rms acceleration (and band-width and probability density distribution) can be used to define the probability that the acceleration will have values within any given range. Accelerations of short t

34、ime duration are defined as transient accelerations. Non-oscillatory accelerations are defined as sustained accelerations, if of long duration, or as acceleration pulses, if of short duration. 1.4 standard acceleration due to gravity gnunit, 9,806 65 metres per second-squared (9,806 65 m/s2) NOTE 1

35、Value adopted in the International Service of Weights and Measures and confirmed in 1913 by the 5th CGPM as the standard for acceleration due to gravity. NOTE 2 This “standard value” (gn= 9,806 65 m/s2= 980,665 cm/s2 386,089 in/s2 32,174 0 ft/s2) should be used for reduction to standard gravity of m

36、easurements made in any location on Earth. NOTE 3 Frequently, the magnitude of acceleration is expressed in units of gn. NOTE 4 The actual acceleration produced by the force of gravity at or below the surface of the Earth varies with the latitude and elevation of the point of observation. This varia

37、ble is often expressed using the symbol g. Caution should be exercised if this is done so as not to create an ambiguity with this use and the standard symbol for the unit of the gram. 1.5 force dynamic influence that changes a body from a state of rest to one of motion or changes its rate of motion

38、NOTE 1 A force could also change a bodys size or shape if the body resists motion. NOTE 2 The newton is the unit of force. One newton is the force required to give a mass of one kilogram an acceleration of one metre per second squared. 1.6 restoring force reaction force caused by the elastic propert

39、y of a structure when it is being deformed 1.7 jerk rate of change of acceleration BS ISO 2041:2009ISO 2041:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 31.8 inertial reference system inertial reference frame coordinate system or frame which is fixed in space or moves at constant velocity without rotational

40、 motion and thus, not accelerating 1.9 inertial force reaction force exerted by a mass when it is being accelerated 1.10 oscillation variation, usually with time, of the magnitude of a quantity with respect to a specified reference when the magnitude is alternately greater and smaller than the speci

41、fied reference NOTE 1 See vibration (2.1). NOTE 2 Variations with time such as shock processes or creeping motions are also considered to be oscillations in a more general sense of the word. 1.11 environment aggregate, at a given moment, of all external conditions and influences to which a system is

42、 subjected NOTE See induced environment (1.12) and natural environment (1.13). 1.12 induced environment conditions external to a system generated as a result of the operation of the system 1.13 natural environment conditions generated by the forces of nature and the effects of which are experienced

43、by a system when it is at rest as well as when it is in operation 1.14 preconditioning climatic and/or mechanical and/or electrical treatment procedure which may be specified for a particular system so that it attains a defined state 1.15 conditioning climatic and/or mechanical and/or electrical con

44、ditions to which a system is subjected in order to determine the effect of such conditions upon it 1.16 excitation stimulus external force (or other input) applied to a system that causes the system to respond in some way 1.17 response (of a system) output quantity of a system 1.18 transmissibility

45、non-dimensional complex ratio of the response of a system in forced vibration to the excitation NOTE 1 The ratio may be one of forces, displacements, velocities or accelerations. NOTE 2 This is sometimes known as a transmissibility function. BS ISO 2041:2009ISO 2041:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights res

46、erved1.19 overshoot when the maximum transient response exceeds the desired response NOTE 1 If the output of a system is changed from a steady value A to a steady value B by varying the input, such that value B is greater than A, then the response is said to overshoot when the maximum transient resp

47、onse exceeds value B. NOTE 2 The difference between the maximum transient response and the value B is the value of the overshoot. This is usually expressed as a percentage. 1.20 undershoot when the minimum transient response falls below the desired response NOTE 1 If the output of a system is change

48、d from a steady value A to a steady value B by varying the input, such that value B is less than A, then the response is said to undershoot when the minimum transient response is less than value B. NOTE 2 The difference between the minimum transient response and the value B is the value of the under

49、shoot. This is usually expressed as a percentage. 1.21 system set of interrelated elements considered in a defined context as a whole and separated from their environment 1.22 linear system system in which the magnitude of the response is proportional to the magnitude of the excitation NOTE This definition implies that the principle of superposition can be applied to the relationship between output response and input excitation. 1.23 mechanical system system comprising elements of mass, stiffness and damping 1.24 foundation