BS EN ISO 9241-151-2008 Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Guidance on World Wide Web user interfaces《人-机交互作用的人类工效学 全球网用户接口指南》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 9241-151:2008Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 151: Guidance on World Wide Web user interfacesICS 13.180; 35.240.99g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40

2、g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN ISO 9241-151:2008This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 53858 2National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 924

3、1-151:2008.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract.

4、Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 9241-151May 2008ICS 13.180; 35.240.99English VersionErg

5、onomics of human-system interaction - Part 151: Guidanceon World Wide Web user interfaces (ISO 9241-151:2008)Ergonomie de linteraction homme-systme - Partie 151:Lignes directrices relatives aux interfaces utilisateurs Web(ISO 9241-151:2008)Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 151:Leitlinie

6、n zur Gestaltung von Benutzungsschnittstellen frdas World Wide Web (ISO 9241-151:2008)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 May 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a nat

7、ional standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in a

8、ny other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Esto

9、nia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCH

10、ES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 9241-151:2008: EForeword This document (EN ISO 9241-151:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committ

11、ee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2008,

12、 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

13、 According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,

14、 Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 9241-151:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 9241-151:2008 without any modification. BS EN ISO 9241-1

15、51:2008iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction . vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Application 6 5 A reference model for human-centred design of World Wide Web user interfaces 7 6 High-level design decisions and design strategy . 8 7 Content design 10 8 Navigat

16、ion and search 16 9 Content presentation 26 10 General design aspects . 33 Annex A (informative) Overview of the ISO 9241 series. 36 Annex B (informative) Sample procedure for assessing applicability and conformance 40 Bibliography . 49 BS EN ISO 9241-151:2008iv Foreword ISO (the International Organ

17、ization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establish

18、ed has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

19、 International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Pu

20、blication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such paten

21、t rights. ISO 9241-151 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4, Ergonomics of human-system interaction. ISO 9241 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs): Part 1: General

22、 introduction Part 2: Guidance on task requirements Part 3: Visual display requirements Part 4: Keyboard requirements Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements Part 6: Guidance on the work environment Part 7: Requirements for display with reflections Part 8: Requirements for displayed col

23、ours Part 9: Requirements for non-keyboard input devices Part 11: Guidance on usability Part 12: Presentation of information Part 13: User guidance Part 14: Menu dialogues Part 15: Command dialogues Part 16: Direct manipulation dialogues Part 17: Form filling dialogues BS EN ISO 9241-151:2008vGuidan

24、ce on software individualization is to form the subject of a future part 129. ISO 9241 also consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomics of human-system interaction: Part 20: Accessibility guidelines for information/communication technology (ICT) equipment and services Part 11

25、0: Dialogue principles Part 151: Guidance on World Wide Web user interfaces Part 171: Guidance on software accessibility Part 300: Introduction to electronic visual display requirements Part 302: Terminology for electronic visual displays Part 303: Requirements for electronic visual displays Part 30

26、4: User performance test methods Part 305: Optical laboratory test methods for electronic visual displays Part 306: Field assessment methods for electronic visual displays Part 307: Analysis and compliance test methods for electronic visual displays Part 308: Surface-conduction electron-emitter disp

27、lays (SED) Technical Report Part 309: Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays Technical Report Part 400: Principles and requirements for physical input devices Part 410: Design criteria for physical input devices Part 920: Guidance on tactile and haptic interactions Framework for tactile and ha

28、ptic interaction is to form the subject of a future part 910. BS EN ISO 9241-151:2008vi Introduction It is widely accepted that usability is a key factor in successful website design but until now there has been no internationally agreed standard that specifically addressed the usability of World Wi

29、de Web (WWW or Web) user interfaces. World Wide Web user interfaces pose particular usability problems: their users are diverse in knowledge, capabilities, language and other factors for example, a World Wide Web user interface that works well for subject-matter experts may be sub-optimal for ordina

30、ry users; users goals vary considerably for example, a site optimized for one set of tasks (such as e-commerce transactions) could be sub-optimal for users whose tasks are different (such as information gathering); different Web browsers or user agents often render Web content in different ways for

31、example, the layout of individual pages can change, sometimes quite dramatically. Users of the World Wide Web will have experienced the problems of inconsistency between websites and often even within the same website. For example, something as straightforward as a link may be denoted by underlining

32、 on one page, by a mouse-over on a second page and by nothing at all on a third page. A number of guidelines for good practice exist, many on the Web itself, but these guidelines sometimes conflict and can also be difficult to put into practice. While not addressing Web user interfaces specifically,

33、 a number of International Standards are available that provide useful guidance on usability and the design of user interfaces: ISO 9241-11 to ISO 9241-17 and ISO 9241-110 provide ergonomic guidance on the design of software user interfaces in general, ISO 13407 on achieving usability by incorporati

34、ng user-centred design activities throughout the life cycle of interactive computer-based systems, and the ISO 14915 series of standards on the design of multimedia and hypermedia aspects of user interfaces. The recommendations and guidelines provided in this part of ISO 9241 apply primarily to the

35、design of the content of a website or, more generally, a Web application, the users navigation and interaction, as well as the presentation of the content. The user interface of different types of user agents (such as Web browsers) or additional tools such as Web authoring tools are not the subject

36、of this part of ISO 9241, although some guidelines could apply to those systems as well. Aspects of the technical implementation of the recommendations are also not within its scope. An important objective for developing Web user interfaces is to make them accessible to the widest possible range of

37、users, including persons with disabilities. While some guidance provided in this part of ISO 9241 is also important for the accessibility of Web user interfaces, it does not aim at covering accessibility in a comprehensive manner. Common guidance on securing and improving accessibility to ICT (infor

38、mation and communication technology) equipment, software and services can be found in ISO 9241-20, and detailed guidance on the accessibility of software user interfaces in general can be found in ISO 9241-171, while the World Wide Web Consortiums Web Accessibility Initiative provides guidance speci

39、fically for Web content, user agents and authoring tools. ISO 9241 was originally developed as a seventeen-part International Standard on the ergonomics requirements for office work with visual display terminals. As part of the standards review process, a major restructuring of ISO 9241 was agreed t

40、o broaden its scope, to incorporate other relevant standards and to make it more usable. The general title of the revised ISO 9241, “Ergonomics of human-system interaction”, reflects these changes and aligns the standard with the overall title and scope of Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, SC 4. The r

41、evised multipart standard is structured as series of standards numbered in the “hundreds”: the 100 series deals with software interfaces, the 200 series with human centred design, the 300 series with visual displays, the 400 series with physical input devices, and so on. See Annex A for an overview

42、of the entire ISO 9241 series. BS EN ISO 9241-151:20081Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 151: Guidance on World Wide Web user interfaces 1 Scope This part of ISO 9241 provides guidance on the human-centred design of software Web user interfaces with the aim of increasing usability. Web use

43、r interfaces address either all Internet users or closed user groups such as the members of an organization, customers and/or suppliers of a company or other specific communities of users. The recommendations given in this part of ISO 9241 focus on the following aspects of the design of Web user int

44、erfaces: high-level design decisions and design strategy; content design; navigation and search; content presentation. The user interfaces of different types of user agents such as Web browsers or additional tools such as Web authoring tools are not directly addressed in this part of ISO 9241 (altho

45、ugh some of its guidance could apply to these systems as well). Web user interfaces are presented on a personal computer system, mobile system or some other type of network-connected device. While the recommendations given in this part of ISO 9241 apply to a wide range of available front-end technol

46、ogies, the design of mobile Web interfaces or smart devices could require additional guidance not within its scope; neither does it provide detailed guidance on technical implementation nor on issues of aesthetic or artistic design. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indis

47、pensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 9241-11, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part

48、 11: Guidance on usability ISO 9241-12:1998, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 12: Presentation of information ISO 9241-13, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 13: User guidance BS EN ISO 9241-151:20082 ISO 9

49、241-14, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 14: Menu dialogues ISO 9241-15, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 15: Command dialogues ISO 9241-16, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 16: Direct manipulation dialogues ISO 9241-17, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 17: Form filling dialogues ISO 9