BS EN ISO 17071-2011 Leather Physical and mechanical tests Determination of fogging characteristics《皮革制品 物理和机械试验 雾化特性测定》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 17071:2011Leather Physical andmechanical tests Determination of foggingcharacteristics (ISO 17071:2006)BS EN ISO 17071:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis Britis

2、h Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO17071:2011. It is identical to ISO 17071:2006. It supersedes BS EN14288:2003 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee TCI/69, Footwear, leather and coated fabrics.A list of organizations represented on

3、 this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 72290 5ICS 59.140.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fr

4、omlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 17071 September 2011 ICS 59.140.30 Supersedes E

5、N 14288:2003English Version Leather - Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of fogging characteristics (ISO 17071:2006) Cuir - Essais physiques et mcaniques - Dtermination des caractristiques de condensation (ISO 17071:2006) Leder - Physikalische und mechanische Prfungen - Bestimmung der Fog

6、ging-Eigenschaften (ISO 17071:2006)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 August 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-

7、date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translati

8、on under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, F

9、rance, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE

10、 FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 17071:2011: EBS EN ISO 17071:2011EN ISO 17071:2011 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 17071:2006 has been prepare

11、d by International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies and has been taken over as EN ISO 17071:2011 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 289 “Leather” the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of

12、 an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be

13、held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14288:2003. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croati

14、a, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of

15、 ISO 17071:2006 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 17071:2011 without any modification. BS EN ISO 17071:2011ISO 17071:2006(E) IULTCS/IUP 46:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Method A Reflectometric method. 1 3.1 Principle. 1

16、3.2 Apparatus 2 3.3 Sampling and sample preparation 4 3.4 Cleaning. 4 3.5 Procedure 5 3.6 Reference test . 5 3.7 Expression of results . 6 4 Method B Gravimetric method 6 4.1 Principle. 6 4.2 Apparatus 6 4.3 Sampling and sample preparation 8 4.4 Cleaning. 8 4.5 Procedure 8 4.6 Reference test . 9 4.7

17、 Expression of results . 9 5 Test report . 10 Annex A (informative) Interlaboratory comparison of Method A (reflectometric) and Method B (gravimetric) 11 Annex B (informative) Source of apparatus 13 BS EN ISO 17071:2011ISO 17071:2006(E) IULTCS/IUP 46:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reservedForeword I

18、SO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical c

19、ommittee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electr

20、otechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the m

21、ember bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identi

22、fying any or all such patent rights. ISO 17071 was prepared by the Physical Test Commission of the International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies (IUP Commission, IULTCS) in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 289, Leath

23、er, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. It was published as EN 14288. It is based on DIN 75201 of Deutsches Institut fr Normung and on IUP 46 published in J. Soc. Leather Tech. Chem., 86 (7), p. 349, 2002, and declared an official method of the IULTCS in May 2003. IULTCS, originally formed in 1

24、897, is a world-wide organization of professional leather societies to further the advancement of leather science and technology. IULTCS has three Commissions, which are responsible for establishing international methods for the sampling and testing of leather. ISO recognizes IULTCS as an internatio

25、nal standardizing body for the preparation of test methods for leather. BS EN ISO 17071:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17071:2006(E)IULTCS/IUP 46:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1Leather Physical and mechanical tests Determination of fogging characteristics 1 Scope This International Standard s

26、pecifies two alternative methods for determining the fogging characteristics of leathers used in the passenger compartments of motor vehicles, namely Method A and Method B. These are two different test procedures to measure the volatile components and there is no mathematical correlation between the

27、 results obtained with Method A and those with Method B. Method A determines by reflection the light scattering properties (or opaqueness) and the nature of the film or droplet formation from volatile components condensed on a cold glass surface. Method B measures gravimetrically the quantity of vol

28、atile components condensed on a cold aluminium foil surface. Annex A gives the results of inter-laboratory trial which show that Method B performs well, whereas Method A showed a large variation in the percentage reflection. The test conditions allow the two tests to be carried out in succession. 2

29、Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2418, Leather Chemical,

30、physical and mechanical and fastness tests Sampling location ISO 2419, Leather Physical and mechanical tests Sample preparation and conditioning ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods 3 Method A Reflectometric method 3.1 Principle A test piece is heated in a gla

31、ss beaker, any volatile ingredients are condensed onto a cooled glass plate and the reflectometric value of the glass plate with condensed fog is expressed as a percentage of the reflectometric value of the same plate without fogging condensate. The measurement by light reflection depends on the nat

32、ure of the film/droplet formation and needs careful interpretation. An example is that a thick but clear film can give a good test result when, in actual fact, it is a bad result in terms of volatiles. The test should be stopped if a transparent oily film is formed on the glass. The reflection measu

33、rement result is only valid when an even opaque film (like a fogged windscreen) formed by small droplets is present. (See Annex A.) BS EN ISO 17071:2011ISO 17071:2006(E) IULTCS/IUP 46:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved3.2 Apparatus 3.2.1 Beaker, plane bottomed, of heat-resistant glass, with a fl

34、at ground rim at the top without a pouring spout, with an outside diameter of 90 mm 2 mm, height 190 mm 2 mm. (See Figure 1.) A beaker with a minimum mass of 450 g is needed to prevent floating in the thermostatic bath (3.2.2). Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 ground rim Figure 1 Beaker 3.2.2 Thermos

35、tatic bath, capable of operating at a uniform temperature of 100 C 1 C and of holding at least three beakers (3.2.1). The dimensions of the bath shall be such that the minimum distance between the beakers and the sides of the bath is 30 mm and the minimum distance between the base of the beaker and

36、the base of the bath is 75 mm. 3.2.3 Thermal-transfer fluid, stable at 100 C. NOTE Water-soluble materials, such as a modified polyvalent dialiphatic alcohols, are preferred since they are water soluble and present fewer problems in cleaning. BS EN ISO 17071:2011ISO 17071:2006(E) IULTCS/IUP 46:2006(

37、E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 33.2.4 Cooling system, with water at 21 C 1 C circulating through the complete interior of a corrosion-resistant metal plate. The surface used for cooling shall be flat and made from aluminium. The mass of the cooling plate shall be sufficient to suppress the buoyancy

38、 of the beaker in the thermostatic bath. NOTE The mass of the cooling plate filled with water will normally be in excess of 1 kg. 3.2.5 Metal rings, external diameter 80 mm 1 mm, internal diameter 74 mm 1 mm, height 10 mm 1 mm and mass 55 g 1 g made from corrosion-protected steel. 3.2.6 Sealing ring

39、s, of silicone-rubber or fluororubber, inner diameter 95 mm 1 mm, thickness 4,0 mm 0,1 mm and hardness 65 IRHD 5 IRHD 1). 3.2.7 Reflectometer, with a 60 incident beam and a 60 measuring beam. 3.2.8 Clock, reading to 1 min. 3.2.9 Desiccator, containing phosphorus pentoxide. CAUTION This product is co

40、rrosive and care should be taken in handling. 3.2.10 Float glass plates, of residential or windshield quality, thickness 3,0 mm 0,2 mm and minimum dimensions 110 mm 110 mm, with a mark engraved on the upper surface. The plates shall be used a maximum of 10 times. 3.2.11 Spacer mount, with circular h

41、ole made of any suitable material of thickness 0,10 mm 0,02 mm, marked to allow positioning of the reflectometer to give four readings 25 mm 5 mm from the centre of the plate. NOTE The spacer mount prevents contact between the condensate and the reflectometer. The actual size and geometry will depen

42、d on the dimensions of the reflectometer. 3.2.12 Matt black surface, minimum dimensions 200 mm 200 mm. 3.2.13 Di-isodecyl phthalate, DIDP, analytical reagent grade or equivalent. 3.2.14 Dishwasher. 3.2.15 Glass cleaning detergent. 3.2.16 Distilled or deionized water, conforming to the requirements o

43、f grade 3 of ISO 3696. 3.2.17 Ethyl acetate. 3.2.18 Acetone. 3.2.19 Cotton wool, degreased with ethyl acetate. 3.2.20 Test ink, 1,0 g fuschine dissolved in a mixture of 27,1 ml methanol (analytical reagent grade or equivalent) and 72,9 ml distilled or deionized water. NOTE This solution has a surfac

44、e tension of 46 mN/m. 3.2.21 Brush, diameter about 8 mm. 1) IRHD = International Rubber Hardness Degrees. BS EN ISO 17071:2011ISO 17071:2006(E) IULTCS/IUP 46:2006(E) 4 ISO 2006 All rights reserved3.2.22 Press knife, the inner wall of which is a right angled circular cylinder of diameter 80 mm 1 mm c

45、onforming to ISO 2419. 3.2.23 Polyethylene gloves, or tweezers or forceps. 3.2.24 Filter paper, qualitative type with nominal diameter 125 mm. 3.3 Sampling and sample preparation 3.3.1 Sample in accordance with ISO 2418. Cut four test pieces by applying the press knife (3.2.22) to the grain surface.

46、 Use two test pieces for two test sequences. If the agreement between the first two test pieces is satisfactory, the other two test pieces do not need to be tested. NOTE If there is a requirement for more than two hides or skins to be tested in one batch, then only one sample need be taken from each

47、 hide or skin, provided that the overall total is not less than four test pieces. 3.3.2 Dry test pieces by storing in a desiccator (3.2.9) over phosphorus pentoxide for a minimum of two days. If the test piece fails, then dry the test piece for seven days for the repeat test. Wet leather test pieces

48、 need to be air dried before being put in the desiccator for conditioning. NOTE Other desiccants, e.g. reusable silica gel, may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results. 3.4 Cleaning 3.4.1 Wash beakers (3.2.1), metal rings (3.2.5) and sealing rings (3.2.6) twice manually or in a dish

49、washer using an appropriate glass cleaning detergent. Rinse with distilled or deionized water at room temperature and dry in an upright position. 3.4.2 Clean float glass plates (3.2.10) either in a dishwasher (3.4.2.1) or manually (3.4.2.2). 3.4.2.1 Wash the plates in a dishwasher at 80 C 5 C using an appropriate glass cleaning detergent, rinse with distilled or deionized water at room temperature and dry in an upright position. 3.4.2.2 Wash the plates manually using ethyl acetate an