BS EN 61014-2003 Programmes for reliability growth《可靠性增长用程序》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 61014:2003 Programmes for reliability growth The European Standard EN 61014:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 03.100.40; 03.120.01; 21.020 BS EN 61014:2003 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 26

2、September 2003 BSI 26 September 2003 ISBN 0 580 42701 3 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 61014:2003.It is identical with IEC 61014:2003. It supersedes BS 5760-6:1991 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Tec

3、hnical Committee DS/1, Dependability and terotechnology, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in th

4、is document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a co

5、ntract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals

6、 for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 45 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed

7、 in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61014 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM September 2003 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotec

8、hnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2003 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 61014:2003 E ICS 03.100.40; 03.120.01; 21.020 English version

9、Programmes for reliability growth (IEC 61014:2003) Programmes de croissance de fiabilit (CEI 61014:2003) Programme fr das Zuverlssigkeitswachstum (IEC 61014:2003) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2003-09-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulatio

10、ns which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This Eu

11、ropean Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members ar

12、e the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Foreword The text of docu

13、ment 56/859/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 61014, prepared by IEC TC 56, Dependability, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61014 on 2003-09-01. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publicat

14、ion of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2004-06-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2006-09-01 Annexes designated “normative“ are part of the body of the standard. In this standard, annex ZA is normative. Annex ZA ha

15、s been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61014:2003 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 61703 NOTE Har

16、monized as EN 61703:2002 (not modified). ISO 9000 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9000:2000 (not modified). ISO 9001 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9001:2000 (not modified). _ Page2 EN61014:2003 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.5 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references.6 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Basic concepts.13 4.1 Genera

17、l.13 4.2 Origins of weaknesses and failures .13 4.2.1 General.13 4.2.2 Systematic weaknesses.14 4.2.3 Residual weaknesses14 4.3 Basic concepts for reliability growth in product development process; integrated reliability engineering concept.15 4.4 Basic concepts for reliability growth in the test ph

18、ase15 4.5 Planning of the reliability growth and estimation of achieved reliability during the design phase.17 4.5.1 General.17 4.5.2 Reliability growth in the product development/design phase 17 4.5.3 Reliability growth with the test programmes.18 5 Management aspects.20 5.1 General.20 5.2 Procedur

19、es including processes in the design phase.21 5.3 Liaison21 5.4 Manpower and costs for design phase.23 5.5 Cost benefit.23 6 Planning and execution of reliability growth programmes24 6.1 Integrated reliability growth concepts and overview.24 6.2 Reliability growth activities in the design phase.25 6

20、.2.1 Activities in concept and product requirements phase25 6.2.2 Product definition and preliminary design 26 6.2.3 Project design phase .26 6.2.4 Tooling, first production runs (preproduction), production phase28 6.2.5 Product fielded phase28 6.3 Reliability growth activities in the validation tes

21、t phase28 6.4 Considerations for reliability growth testing .29 6.4.1 General.29 6.4.2 Test planning.29 6.4.3 Special considerations for non-repaired or one-shot (expendable) items and components.31 6.4.4 Classification of failures.32 6.4.5 Classes of non-relevant failures.32 6.4.6 Classes of releva

22、nt failures .33 6.4.7 Categories of relevant failures that occur in test 33 6.4.8 Process of reliability improvement in reliability growth tests.34 Page3 EN61014:2003 6.4.9 Mathematical modelling of test reliability growth 36 6.4.10 Nature and objectives of modelling36 6.4.11 Concepts of reliability

23、 measures in reliability growth testing as used in modelling.37 6.4.12 Reporting on reliability growth testing and documentation .40 7 Reliability growth in the field.42 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications .43 Bibliog

24、raphy45 Figure 1 Comparison between growth and repair processes in reliability growth testing .16 Figure 2 Planned improvement (reduction) of the equivalent failure rate 18 Figure 3 Planned reliability improvement expressed in terms of probability of survival .18 Figure 4 Patterns of relevant test o

25、r field failures with time 19 Figure 5 Overall structure of a reliability growth programme.21 Figure 6 Chart showing liaison links and functions .23 Figure 7 Integrated reliability engineering process .25 Figure 8 Process of reliability growth in testing 35 Figure 9 Characteristic curve showing inst

26、antaneous and extrapolated failure intensities.38 Figure 10 Projected failure intensity estimated by modelling 39 Figure 11 Examples of growth curves and “jumps” .40 Page4 EN61014:2003 INTRODUCTION Reliability improvement by a growth programme should be part of an overall reliability activity in the

27、 development of a product. This is especially true for a design that uses novel or unproven techniques, components, or a substantial content of software. In such a case the programme may expose, over a period of time, many types of weaknesses having design- related causes. It is essential to reduce

28、the probability of failure due to these weaknesses to the greatest extent possible to prevent their later appearance in formal tests or in the field. At that late stage, design correction is often highly inconvenient, costly and time-consuming. Life-cycle costs can be minimized if the necessary desi

29、gn changes are made at the earliest possible stage. IEC 60300-3-5, Clause 1 refers to a “reliability growth (or improvement) programme” employ- ing equipment reliability design analysis and reliability testing, with the principal objective to realize reliability growth. Reliability design analysis a

30、pplies analytical methods and techniques described in IEC 60300-3-1. Reliability design analysis is of a particular value, as it allows early identification of potential design weakness, well before design completion. This allows introduction of design modifications that are inexpensive and relative

31、ly easy to implement without consequences such as major design changes, programme delays, modification of tooling and manufacturing processes. The reliability growth testing and environmental arrangements for the test part of this programme are essentially the same as those covered by IEC 60300-3-5,

32、 IEC 60605-2 and IEC 60605-3. The importance of the reliability growth programme, integrated into the design or product development process, and known as integrated reliability engineering, is driven by limited time to market, programme costs and striving for product cost reduction. Although effecti

33、ve for disclosure of potential field problems, a reliability growth testing pro- gramme alone is typically expensive, requiring extensive test time and resources, and the corrective actions are considerably more costly than if they were found and corrected in the early stages of design. Additionally

34、, the duration of these tests, sometimes lasting for a very long time, would seriously affect the marketing or deployment schedule of the system. The cost-effective solution to these challenges is a reliability growth programme fully integrated in both the design and evaluation phase as well as the

35、testing phase. This effort is enabled by strong project management, by design engineering and often by customer participation and involvement. Over the past few years, leading industry organizations have developed and applied analytical and test methods fully integrated with the design efforts for i

36、ncreasing the reliability during the product design phase. This reduces reliance on formal and lengthy reliability growth testing. This technology is the basis for the integrated reliability growth strategy in this standard and will be discussed further in Clause 6. Some definitions and concepts are

37、 given first in order to lay the groundwork for discussing the integrated reliability growth methodologies. Page5 EN61014:2003 PROGRAMMES FOR RELIABILITY GROWTH 1 Scope This International Standard specifies requirements and gives guidelines for the exposure and removal of weaknesses in hardware and

38、software items for the purpose of reliability growth. It applies when the product specification calls for a reliability growth programme of equipment (electronic, electromechanical and mechanical hardware as well as software) or when it is known that the design is unlikely to meet the requirements w

39、ithout improvement. A statement of the basic concepts is followed by descriptions of the management, planning, testing (laboratory or field), failure analysis and corrective techniques required. Mathematical modelling, to estimate the level of reliability achieved, is outlined briefly. 2 Normative r

40、eferences The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60300-1, Dependability management P

41、art 1: Dependability management systems 1IEC 60300-2, Dependability management Part 2: Guidance for dependability programme management 2IEC 60300-3-1, Dependability management Part 3-1: Application guide Analysis tech- niques for dependability Guide on methodology IEC 60300-3-5:2001, Dependability m

42、anagement Part 3-5: Application guide Reliability test conditions and statistical test principles IEC 60605-2, Equipment reliability testing Part 2: Design of test cycles IEC 60605-3 (all parts), Equipment reliability testing Part 3: Preferred test conditions IEC 60605-4, Equipment reliability testi

43、ng Part 4: Statistical procedures for exponential distribution Point estimates, confidence intervals, prediction intervals and tolerance intervals IEC 60812, Analysis techniques for system reliability Procedure for failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) IEC 61025, Fault tree analysis (FTA) IEC 611

44、60, Formal design review IEC 61164, Reliability growth Statistical test and estimation methods _ 1Second edition to be published. 2Second edition to be published. Page6 EN61014:2003 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE 1 Certain t

45、erms come from IEC 60050(191) and, where this is the case, the concept from that publication is referenced in square brackets after the definition. ISO 9000:2000 is used as referenced to quality vocabulary. NOTE 2 For analysis of the reliability growth test data, it is important to distinguish betwe

46、en the terms “failure intensity” (for repaired items) and “failure rate” or “instantaneous failure rate” (for non-repaired or one-shot items) defined in IEC 60050(191). 3.1 item entity any part, component, device, subsystem, functional unit, equipment or system that can be individually considered NO

47、TE An item may consist of hardware, software or both, and may also, in particular cases, include people. IEC 60050, 191-01-01 3.2 reliability improvement process undertaken with the deliberate intention of improving the reliability performance by eliminating causes of systematic failures and/or by r

48、educing the probability of occurrence of other failures IEC 60050, 191-17-05 NOTE 1 The method described in this standard is aimed at making corrective modifications aimed at reducing systematic weaknesses or reducing their likelihood of occurrence. NOTE 2 For any item, there are limits to practicab

49、le and economic improvement and to achievable growth. 3.3 reliability growth condition characterized by a progressive improvement of a reliability performance measure of an item with time IEC 60050, 191-17-04 NOTE Modelling (projection) and analysis of reliability improvement during the design phase is based on the standard estimation of the expected product reliability within a given time period. 3.4 integrated