BS EN 12875-1-2005 Mechanical dishwashing resistance of utensils - Reference test method for domestic articles《器皿的耐机洗性 家用物品的参考试验方法》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 12875-1:2005Mechanical dishwashing resistance of utensils Part 1: Reference test method for domestic articlesThe European Standard EN 12875-1:2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 67.250; 97.040.40; 97.040.60g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44

2、g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 12875-1:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 15 September 2005 BSI 15 September 2005

3、ISBN 0 580 46152 1National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12875-1:2005. It supersedes DD ENV 12875-1:1998 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CW/29, Tableware, which has the responsibility to:A

4、list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standa

5、rds Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard do

6、es not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European deve

7、lopments and promulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 11 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAm

8、d. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORMEN 12875-1 May 2005 ICS 67.250; 97.040.40; 97.040.60 Supersedes ENV 12875-1:1998 English version Mechanical dishwashing resistance of utensils - Part 1: Reference test method for domestic articles Rsistance mcanique au lave-vaissel

9、le des utensils - Partie 1: Mthode dessai de rfrence pour articles usage domestique Splmaschinenbestndigkeit von Gegenstnden - Teil 1: Referenz-Prfverfahren fr Haushaltswaren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 April 2005. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Reg

10、ulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This E

11、uropean Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the n

12、ational standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

13、EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12875-1:2005: EEN 1287

14、5-1:2005 (E) 2ContentsPage Foreword 3Introduction41 Scope .52 Normative references .53 Terms and definitions.54 Principle.65 Reagents66 Features of the dishwasher77 Test specimens .78 Procedure 79 Expression of results910 Test report .10Bibliography.11EN 12875-1:2005 (E) 3Foreword This European Stan

15、dard (EN 12875-1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 194 “Utensils in contact with food”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by

16、 November 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2005. This document supersedes ENV 12875-1:1998. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Sta

17、ndard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 12875-1:2005 (E) 4

18、IntroductionThis European Standard specifies a test method for the determination of the mechanical dishwashing resistance of domestic articles. The results obtained according to this document are intended to serve for comparison purposes for the dishwashing resistance of the different domestic artic

19、les and give an indication of resistance only under the standard conditions of this test. The dishwasher test method described in this document is both time consuming and expensive. However, no single accelerated and inexpensive test is available which gives comparable results to the dishwasher test

20、 for the whole variety of utensils made of various materials which are cleaned in dishwashers. The test method described here is to be used as a reference method for dishwashing resistance. Accelerated test methods may be used instead of the reference test method provided that valid comparison to th

21、e dishwasher test is shown. NOTE Consideration should be given to the normal use of each type of domestic article and its normal frequency of mechanical dishwashing. Further parts of EN 12875, under the general title Mechanical dishwashing resistance of utensils, that have already been published or

22、are in preparation are as follows: Part 2: Inspection of non-metallic articlesPart 4: Rapid test for domestic ceramic articlesPart 5: Rapid test for ceramic catering articlesEN 12875-1:2005 (E) 51 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for testing the resistance of domestic articles made fr

23、om ceramic, glass, glass ceramic, vitreous enamel, metal and plastics under the combined chemical, thermal and mechanical stresses of mechanical dishwashing in domestic dishwashers. It specifies a reference test method for domestic dishwashing only. It does not define the number of dishwashing cycle

24、s which any given product shall withstand. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amen

25、dments) applies. EN 60335-1, Safety of household and similar electrical appliances - Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60335-1: 2001 Modified)EN 60335-2-5, Safety of household and similar electrical appliances - Part 2-5: Particular requirements for dishwashers (IEC 60335-2-5: 1992, modified)IEC 604

26、36, Electric dishwashers for household use - Methods for measuring the performanceISO 6059, Water quality Determination of the sum of calcium and magnesium EDTA titrimetric methodISO 8288, Water quality Determination of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead Flame atomic absorption spectrome

27、tric methodsISO 9297, Water quality Determination of chloride Silver nitrate titration with chromate indicator (Mohrs method)3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 dishwashing resistance ability of the article to withstand a

28、 number of test cycles without significant changes 3.2 test dishwasherspecial domestic dishwashing machine, which washes, rinses and dries articles, and which simulates the mean stresses of a domestic dishwashing machine 3.3 test cycle series of operations for the washing, rinsing and drying of the

29、articles 3.4 basketrack or partitioned container for placing articles in a test dishwasher 3.5 cleaning agent mixture of chemicals for use in a dishwasher for improvement of its soil removal capability EN 12875-1:2005 (E) 63.6 cleaning agent dispenser, automatic device which dispenses a defined port

30、ion of cleaning agent at the appropriate time during the test cycle 3.7 rinse agent mixture containing reagents which lower the surface tension, normally added to improve the drying effect and reduce the precipitation of salts 3.8 rinse agent dispenser device from which a defined volume of rinse age

31、nt is automatically dispensed at the appropriate time during the test cycle 3.9 water softener device which reduces the hardness of water by a cation exchange system 3.10 normal corrected vision naked eye corrected to normal vision if necessary NOTE This is usually by the wearing of spectacles. 4 Pr

32、inciple Unused articles are repeatedly exposed to a standardized test cycle in a test dishwasher which simulates usual household dishwashing machines. The test dishwasher is a machine in which a washing cycle consists of several partial steps: pre-wash, a cleaning step using alkaline cleaner, an int

33、ermediate rinse step, and the final rinse during which a rinse aid is added. The washing cycle is followed by a drying step. The test dishwasher is fully loaded. After testing the articles are inspected for deviations from the original according to the conditions specified in the relevant standards

34、for various groups of products. 5 Reagents 5.1 Water The used water shall be drinking water and shall have a temperature of (15 5) C. It shall be softened by the cation exchanger as specified in 6.1. NOTE 1 Attention is drawn to EU directive 80/778/EEC and any national legislation relating to drinki

35、ng water. For testing metal articles, the chloride ion content shall not exceed 150 mg l-1when determined in accordance with ISO 9297. For testing plastics articles, the copper content shall not exceed 0,03 mg l-1when determined in accordance with ISO 8288. NOTE 2 A higher copper content results in

36、a noticeable yellowing of plastics. 5.2 Cleaning and rinse agents For the purpose of this test, cleaning detergent A containing phosphate, and the acidic rinse agent formula II, as given in IEC 60436, shall be used. EN 12875-1:2005 (E) 76 Features of the test dishwasher 6.1 Water softener (cation ex

37、changer), which shall be controlled to give a water hardness c(Ca2+ Mg2+)of between 0,3 mmol/l1)and 0,6 mmol/l2), when tested in accordance with ISO 6059. 6.2 Heat supply sufficient to provide the heating rate specified in 8.3.c). 6.3 Constant water quantity for each washing cycle of (6,0 0,5) l, wi

38、th a water pressure of between 5 N/cm2and 100 N/cm2.6.4 Automatic proportioning devices to deliver the required amount of cleaning and rinse agents in each test cycle. 6.5 Automatic fully opening door or means of reducing temperature and humidity at an equivalent rate following completion of the was

39、hing cycle. 6.6 Thermostat with an accuracy of 1 C. 6.7 Automation to the effect that the complete washing cycle specified in 8.3 is performed and repeated automatically. 6.8 Counter which records the number of washing cycles. 6.9 For safety the dishwasher shall comply with EN 60335-1 and EN 60335-2

40、-5. 7 Test specimens For each article a sufficient number of unused specimens of identical shape, size and surface finish shall be tested and further specimens shall be retained for reference. NOTE It is recommended that at least three test specimens are tested in order to obtain representative resu

41、lts. The specimens shall be free of surface contamination, e.g. by washing by hand in a mild liquid detergent at about 45 C. The specimens shall be examined for any quality defects, and these shall be noted. 8 Procedure 8.1 Preparation of test dishwasher When testing metal articles, after each regen

42、eration of the ion exchanger with sodium chloride, run one test cycle (see 8.3) with no test specimens. 8.2 Loading the test dishwasher The test dishwasher shall be fully loaded, using dummy articles to fill excess capacity if necessary. Each specimen shall be placed in the appropriate basket making

43、 sure that the specimens will not come into contact with each other during testing. All surfaces shall be equally exposed to the water spray, and the specimens shall be positioned in a way that avoids the formation of water pools. It is permissible to simultaneously wash several different types of d

44、omestic articles of ceramic, glass, metal or plastics. NOTE The risk of interaction between different materials should be considered. Where there is such a risk, such specimens should not be tested together. 1) 1 mmol/l = 5,6 DH or 1 DH = 0,1786 mmol/l. 2) 1 mmol/l = 5,6 DH or 1 DH = 0,1786 mmol/l.

45、EN 12875-1:2005 (E) 8If it is necessary to withdraw a test specimen during the test, it shall be replaced by a similar article. 8.3 Test cycle The test cycle shall comprise the following stages. a) Draining the dishwasher by pump. b) Pre washing the test specimens in the dishwasher by: 1) filling th

46、e dishwasher with water (see 5.1); 2) circulating the water for (5 0,5) min; 3) draining the dishwasher by pump. c) Washing the test specimens in the dishwasher by: 1) filling the dishwasher with water and (24 3) g cleaning agent (see 5.2) per (6,0 0,5) litres of water; 2) heating to (60 2) C while

47、circulating the water and cleaning agent for (20 1) min; 3) circulating the water and cleaning agent for a further (10 1) min without heating; 4) draining the dishwasher by pump. d) Intermediate rinsing the test specimens in the dishwasher by: 1) filling the dishwasher with water; 2) circulating the

48、 water for (3 0,5) min; 3) draining the dishwasher by pump. e) Final rinsing the test specimens in the dishwasher by: 1) filling the dishwasher with water; 2) heating to (65 2) C while circulating the water; 3) measuring when a temperature of between 40 C and 45 C has been reached, and adding betwee

49、n 2,5 g and 3,0 g of rinse agent (see 5.2) per (6,0 0,5) litres of water. 4) measuring when a temperature of (65 2) C has been reached and draining the dishwasher by pump. f) Drying the test specimens in the dishwasher by retaining them in the dishwasher for: 1) (10 1) min with the door closed; 2) (30 1) min with the door open.8.4 Parameter control The parameters of the test cycle listed below shall be verified before starting the first test cycle and after every 50th test cycle. a) Heating rates and maximum te