BS 8213-1-2004 Windows doors and rooflights - Design for safety in use and during cleaning of windows including door-height windows and roof windows - Code of practice《窗、门和天窗 窗户清洁(.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 8213-1:2004 Windows, doors and rooflights Part 1: Design for safety in use and during cleaning of windows, including door-height windows and roof windows Code of practice ICS 91.060.50 BS 8213-1:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy

2、and Strategy Committee on 1 October 2004 BSI 1 October 2004 The following BSI references relate to the work on this British Standard: Committee reference B/538 Draft for comment 99/102416 DC ISBN 0 580 44492 9 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard

3、was entrusted by Technical Committee B/538, Doors, Windows, Shutters, Hardware and Curtain Walling, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Building Engineers Association of Building Manufacture British Plastics Federation British Wood Preserving and Damp-Proofing Associatio

4、n British Woodworking Federation Building Research Establishment Centre for Window and Cladding Technology Construction Fixing Association Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Council for Aluminium in Building Flat Glass Manufacturers Association Glass and Glazing Federation Guild of Architectural Ironm

5、ongers Health and Safety Executive LHC Building Components and Services National House Building Council Police Scientific Development Branch Royal Institute of British Architects Scottish Office Construction and Buildings Society of Chief Architects of Local Authorities Steel Window Association Timb

6、er Research and Development Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS 8213-1:2004 BSI 1 October 2004 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1S c o p e 1 2 Normative references 1 3T e r m s a n d d e f i n i t i o n s 2 4 General principle

7、s 3 5 Design for safety in use 4 6 Means of escape from fire 9 7 Security from unauthorized entry 10 8 Design for safety when cleaning 10 9 Maintenance 11 Annex A (informative) Reach capabilities 12 Annex B (normative) Safety restrictors 15 Annex C (normative) External and internal glazing at height

8、: Design for safe cleaning and maintenance 16 Annex D (normative) Safe use of ladders 19 Bibliography 20 Figure A.1 Shoulder (acromion) to grip 13 Figure A.2 Overhead grip reach 14 Table 1 Window types: risks in use and when cleaning the outside of the window from inside 5 Table A.1 Reach capabiliti

9、es for the UK adult population (under age 65) 12BS 8213-1:2004 ii BSI 1 October 2004 Foreword This part of BS 8213 has been prepared under the direction of Technical Committee B/538. It supersedes BS 8213-1:1991, which is withdrawn. In this revision, a risk assessment approach to window design is re

10、commended. Greater emphasis has been placed upon the use of safety restrictor devices to limit the initial opening of windows to minimize the risks of persons falling out of open windows. NOTE 1 Attention has been drawn to these needs following a number of incidents where fatalities have occurred du

11、e to the lack of suitable fittings. A clause on security (Clause 7) has been added to cover related safety issues. The guidance given in this standard is in addition to legislative requirements, which take precedence, and is suitable for new buildings and for upgrading and refurbishment works. It is

12、 aimed at all those involved in the specification, design, selection and use of windows, including public authorities, house-builders, architects, surveyors, window designers, window installers, glazing contractors and building owners. It may also be useful to building occupiers. The guidance is pri

13、marily intended for use in residential accommodation, but many of the recommendations are applicable to other building types, to which health and safety legislation applies (see Note 2). Attention is drawn to the fact that statutory legislation such as the Building Regulations 2000 1 (applicable to

14、England and Wales), the Building Standards (Scotland) Regulations 1990 2, and the Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1994 3 might impose requirements in certain circumstances. Planning or other constraints in some situations might necessitate special provisions for cleaning and safety. All invo

15、lved in the design and installation of windows need to be aware of the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994, as amended by the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 and the Construction (Design and Management) (Amendment) Regulations 2000 4. These require designer

16、s, in a very broadly defined sense of the term, to minimize foreseeable risks to people doing the work or people affected by the work from any project arising from building maintenance and cleaning. Guidance for professional window cleaners is prepared by the Health and Safety Executive and is liste

17、d in the Bibliography. The recently adopted Directive on Temporary Work at Height 5 will be implemented through new regulations governing all such work including that of window cleaners. NOTE 2 The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 6 contain specific safety requirements which a

18、pply to window safety, in particular regulation 14 on the risk of injury from breakage of windows, regulation 15 on safety in opening, closing and adjusting windows and regulation 16 which requires that all windows are designed and constructed so that they can be cleaned safely. The Health and Safet

19、y Executive Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 Approved Code of Practice and Guidance 1992 L24 7 on these Regulations gives guidance. Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queens Printer for Scotland (see Table A.1 and Figur

20、e A.2 and Figure A.1). As a code of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance and recommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification and particular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are not misleading. This publication does not purport to i

21、nclude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 t

22、o 21 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.BS 8213-1:2004 BSI 1 October 2004 1 1 Scope This part of BS 8213 gives recommendations on the design, construction, operation and maintenance of windows, including door height windo

23、ws, for safety in use and during cleaning, including safe opening characteristics and the arrangement of window controls, to safeguard occupants and passers-by. The recommendations for safety for windows also apply to roof windows, where relevant. Guidance on safety for rooflights is excluded from t

24、his document. Annex A gives examples of reach capabilities. Annex B gives recommendations on safety restrictors. Annex C sets out basic guidance on design for safe cleaning and maintenance of external and internal glazing at height. Annex D sets out recommendations for safe working practices in the

25、use of portable ladders where necessary, after assessment of the use of the other methods of safe temporary access given in Annex C. NOTE This code of practice is not intended to offer comprehensive guidance for maintenance and redecoration of windows, where more specific safety measures are require

26、d. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. BS 4873, Aluminium allo

27、y windows. BS 5974, Code of practice for temporarily installed suspended scaffolds and access equipment. BS 6037, Code of practice for the planning, design, installation and use of permanently installed access equipment Suspended access equipment. BS 6100-1.3.5, Glossary of building and civil engine

28、ering terms Part 1: General and miscellaneous Section 1.3: Parts of construction works Subsection 1.3.5: Doors, windows and openings. BS 6100-1.3.6, Glossary of building and civil engineering terms Part 1: General and miscellaneous Section 1.3: Parts of construction works Subsection 1.3.6: Jointing

29、products, builders hardware and accessories. BS 6180, Barriers in and about buildings Code of practice. BS 6375-2, Performance of windows Part 2: Specification for operation and strength characteristics. BS 6399-1, Loading for buildings Part 1: Code of practice for dead and imposed loads. BS 6399-2,

30、 Loading for buildings Part 2: Code of practice for wind loads. BS 644, Timber windows Factory assembled windows of various types Specification. BS 6510, Specification for steel windows, sills, window boards and doors. BS 7412, Plastics windows made from unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) extr

31、uded hollow profiles Specification. BS EN 364, Personal protection equipment against falls from a height Test methods. BS EN 795, Protection against falls from a height Anchor devices Requirements and testing. BS EN 1670, Building hardware Corrosion resistance Requirements and test methods. BS EN 13

32、049, Windows Soft and heavy body impact Test method, safety requirements and classification. DD CEN/TS 13126-1:2004, Building hardware, fittings for windows and door height windows Part 1: Requirements and test methods Requirements common to all types of fittings. DD CEN/TS 13126-5:2004, Building ha

33、rdware, fittings for windows and door height windows Part 5: Requirements and test methods Devices that restrict the opening of windows.BS 8213-1:2004 2 BSI 1 October 2004 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this British Standard, the terms and definitions given in BS 6100-1.3.5 and BS 6100-

34、1.3.6, and the following apply. NOTE Some of the terms given in BS 6100 have been replicated for convenience. 3.1 accessible opening light opening light, any part of which is 1 500 mm or less above floor level 3.2 arris edge small bevel of width not exceeding 1.6 mm at an angle of approximately 45 t

35、o the surface of the glass 3.3 configuration width and height, including from floor level, of a window light or assembly of lights (fixed and opening) 3.4 coupled light two superimposed lights that form a single opening light and can be separated for cleaning 3.5 design consideration of one or more

36、of the following: location, configuration, dimensions, specification and product selection 3.6 designer person/s responsible for design 3.7 door height window window that allows access or passage for pedestrians 3.8 light individual glazed unit of a window 3.9 opening light light that opens 3.10 ret

37、aining catch device to retain an opening light firmly in an open position 3.11 reversing catch device that automatically engages when an opening light is fully opened into a reversed position and holds the light firmly in that position until released by deliberate action 3.12 roof window constructio

38、n for closing an opening in the plane of a pitched roof that admits light and might admit fresh airBS 8213-1:2004 BSI 1 October 2004 3 3.13 rooflight construction for closing an opening in a flat roof or low pitched roof intended primarily for lighting and consisting of a frame and glazing 3.14 safe

39、ty restrictor (restricted opening device) mechanical device which is intended to limit the initial movement of an opening light so that a clear opening of not more than 100 mm is achieved at any point 3.15 secondary window inner window where two separate windows are superimposed in the same opening

40、4 General principles 4.1 Essential considerations Windows are generally installed to provide natural light and ventilation. These functions should be satisfied together with full consideration of the need for: a) design for safety in use (see Clause 5); b) means of escape from fire (see Clause 6); c

41、) security from unauthorized entry (see Clause 7); d) design for safety when cleaning (see Clause 8); e) maintenance (see Clause 9). 4.2 Risk assessment A risk assessment should be carried out, taking account of the relative priority needs established in each situation. For instance, unauthorized en

42、try is not normally a risk with windows to the first floor and above unless there is a ready means of external access (see 7.2). Falls, however, even from relatively low heights, can have serious consequences. The risk assessment should take into account the type of occupancy and age range of both o

43、ccupants and visitors to a building, where this can reasonably be predicted. One example might be young children visiting older people in sheltered accommodation and using furniture to gain access to windowsills. If a significant change of use of the building occurs, the risks should be reassessed.

44、A written record of the risk assessment signed by the client and the designer should be retained with the window documentation. This should be kept with the Health and Safety File where appropriate, or passed to purchasers, and a copy kept by the contractors responsible for the design. The responsib

45、ility for the risk assessment should lie with the designer. NOTE In the case of domestic replacement windows the designer is the person or organization taking the order from the client. 4.3 Inclusive design When designing windows they should be operable by as wide a range of the appropriate populati

46、on as reasonably possible. NOTE 1 Appropriate populations normally exclude young children. NOTE 2 BS 8300:2001 gives guidance on various aspects of inclusive design.BS 8213-1:2004 4 BSI 1 October 2004 5 Design for safety in use 5.1 Basis of design Windows should be easy to operate, open safely witho

47、ut being a hazard to passers-by, and minimize the risk of falling through. The design of the windows including their location within the building, overall dimensions, opening types, and heights of sill and opening lights above ground or floor level can have important consequences and should be caref

48、ully determined. Safe use depends on: window location (see 5.2); window type (see 5.3); safety fittings (see 5.4); guarding (see 5.5); window construction and installation (see 5.6). 5.2 Window location Safe access should be provided for window operation and cleaning. Particular care should be taken

49、 when designing windows for rooms incorporating built-in fixtures such as kitchen or bathroom fittings, which might restrict access. NOTE 1 Fixtures in front of windows can also provide a platform for children to climb onto, enabling them to reach a window, with consequent risk. NOTE 2 Windows on upper floors that can be safely cleaned from the inside allow for possible future extensions below, such as conservatories. A