BS 7000-2-2015 Design management systems Guide to managing the design of manufactured products《设计管理系统 生产产品设计管理指南》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS 7000-2:2015Design managementsystems Part 2: Guide to managing thedesign of manufactured productsPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2015Publis

2、hed by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 85680 8ICS 03.100.99; 91.020The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference TDW/4/7Draft for comment 14/30296635 DCPublication historyFirst published March 1997Second edition March 2008Third (current) edition Septem

3、ber 2015Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 7000-2:2015 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword iiIntroduction 11 Scope 12 Normative references 23 Terms and definitions 24 Managing the design of manufactured products at organizational level 55 Managing the design of manufactured product

4、s at the project level 16Bibliography 39List of figuresFigure 1 Profile of cash flow during project lifecycle 8Figure 2 Financial commitments during product design, development,manufacture and support 9Figure3Typical single cycle of design 19Figure 4 Sequential pattern of a typical design project 19

5、Figure 5 Managing design at project level 20Figure 6 The project risk management process 25Figure 7 The design process at project level 27Figure 8 Balancing the key project drivers 28List of tablesTable 1 Risk management questions 26Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside fr

6、ont cover, pages i to ii,pages 1 to 40, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 7000-2:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 iForewordPublishing informationThis part of BS 7000 is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and cam

7、e into effect on 30 September 2015. Itwas prepared by Subcommittee TDW/4/7, Technical product realization BS 8887design for MADE, under the authority of Technical Committee TDW/4, Technicalproduct realization. A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its sec

8、retary.SupersessionThis part of BS 7000 supersedes BS 7000-2:2008, which is withdrawn.Relationship with other publicationsBS 7000 Design management systems, consists of the following parts: Part 1: Guide to managing innovation; Part 2: Guide to managing the design of manufactured products; Part 3: G

9、uide to managing service design; Part 4: Guide to managing design in construction; Part 6: Managing inclusive design Guide; Part 10: Vocabulary of terms used in design management.Other parts may be added.Information about this documentThis part of BS 7000 is a full revision of the standard and intro

10、ducesmulti-lifecycle considerations, along with the recommendations given inBS 8887-1.Use of this documentAs a guide, this part of BS 7000 takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification or a codeof practice and claims of compliance cannot be made

11、 to it.Presentational conventionsThe guidance in this standard is presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Anyrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and do

12、es not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH

13、STANDARDBS 7000-2:2015ii The British Standards Institution 2015IntroductionCreating and delivering excellent products with market appeal, and attaininghigh levels of customer satisfaction requires an integrated approach to design,from the board of an organization to project managers and theirmulti-d

14、isciplinary teams.Excellence in design is an important differentiating factor between competingproducts, and can be the key to company survival in increasingly competitiveworld markets.The complex intellectual challenges presented in the design of manufacturedproducts demand that the process is mana

15、ged effectively if the outcome is to besuccessful. The concepts, principles and quality system elements described in thisstandard are applicable to all forms of manufactured products. Applying theprinciples described facilitates the creation of products that are produced ontime and within budget, me

16、et customer and organizational requirements, andhave a better chance of competing successfully in world markets.This standard sets out the tasks and responsibilities for creating andimplementing an effective design policy for:a) senior executives, (see Clause 4);b) project managers and those involve

17、d in the design process (see Clause 5).In large organizations, these two sets of tasks and responsibilities are frequentlytaken on by different individuals or groups. In small organizations, they areoften undertaken by a single person or small team but are, nevertheless, distinctand different. All t

18、hose involved need to be aware of what is required of them.1 ScopeThis part of BS 7000 gives guidance on managing the design of all types ofmanufactured products. It deals with every stage of the design process fromproduct concept through to delivery, use and end-of-life processing.NOTE 1 This stand

19、ard recognizes that small enterprises or those specializing inone-off products or special purpose end-of-life equipment often need to adapt theprocess to suit their method of operation.It is intended for use by all relevant levels of management, from board level toindividual project level, in all ty

20、pes of organizations involved in the design ofmanufactured products.Guidance is given on the application of general principles and techniques to themanagement of design, raising awareness of management issues andemphasizing the need for an integrated approach to the design of products.This standard

21、is not intended to define design techniques.NOTE 2 For many products, particularly those that are complex, an integratedmulti-disciplinary approach to design is needed. Documents recommended forguidance on general management techniques are listed in the Bibliography.Guidance on the management of inn

22、ovation, service design and constructiondesign is given in BS 7000-1, BS 7000-3 and BS 7000-4 respectively.NOTE 3 Guidance on procedures needed to meet statutory requirements, such ashealth and safety, or product certification and liability, is not intended to becomprehensive. Reference needs to be

23、made to other documents where appropriate.NOTE 4 This standard is intended to complement BS EN ISO 9001.BRITISH STANDARD BS 7000-2:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 12 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application ofthis document. For dated re

24、ferences, only the edition cited applies. For undatedreferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including anyamendments) applies.BS 7000-10:2008, Design management systems Part 10: Vocabulary of termsused in design managementBS 8887-1, Design for manufacture, assembly, disassembly an

25、d end-of-lifeprocessing (MADE) Part 1: General concepts, process and requirementsBS 8887-2, Design for manufacture, assembly, disassembly and end-of-lifeprocessing (MADE) Part 2: Terms and definitionsBS 8887-211, Design for manufacture, assembly, disassembly and end-of-lifeprocessing (MADE) Part 211

26、: Specification for reworking and remarketing ofcomputing hardwareBS 8887-220, Design for manufacture, assembly, disassembly and end-of-lifeprocessing (MADE) Part 220: The process of remanufacture SpecificationBS 8887-240, Design for manufacture, assembly, disassembly and end-of-lifeprocessing (MADE

27、) Part 240: ReconditioningBS ISO 10007, Quality management systems Guidelines for configurationmanagement3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this part of BS 7000, the terms and definitions given inBS 7000-10 and the following apply.3.1 analogyaid to creativity that compares a concept with som

28、ething that exists elsewhere3.2 auditsystematic examination to measure conformity with predetermined requirements3.3 chain of custodyprocess whereby an organization monitors its products through every stage ofthe supply chain, including all stages of manufacturing, transportation anddistribution3.4

29、combinationutilization of two or more existing design methods to reach a design solution3.5 configuration managementco-ordinated activities to direct and control configurationNOTE Configuration management generally concentrates on technical andorganizational activities that establish and maintain co

30、ntrol of a product and itsproduct configuration information throughout the lifecycle of the product.SOURCE: BS ISO 10007:2003, 3.63.6 design controlcomponent of a quality system that ensures the integrity of a design throughoutits lifecycleBRITISH STANDARDBS 7000-2:20152 The British Standards Instit

31、ution 20153.7 design policygeneral rules relating to design discipline within an organizationNOTE Can help to guide corporate behaviour in circumstances that tend to recur,though it might not prescribe for every eventuality.3.8 design programmespecific activities and investments to be undertaken ove

32、r a specified period,broken down into stages, with resources and associated timescales3.9 design strategychosen path formulated to achieve business and design objectives, supported byan indication of how resources will be committedNOTE Could relate to particular categories of design, types of projec

33、t, sections ofan organization and/or use of resources.3.10 earned value analysisdetermination of the monetary value of work performed in any stage of thedesign process through assigning a value to the achievement of project workcompleted and comparing this with the actual and planned costs of the pr

34、ojectNOTE Also known as “budgeted cost of work performed” (BCWP).3.11 evaluationsystematic examination of the outcome of an activity to determine the extent towhich specified objectives have been fulfilledNOTE 1 Usually linked to a specific activity, e.g. system evaluation, projectevaluation and des

35、ign evaluation. Results are usually measured in terms of time, costand achievement.NOTE 2 Generally takes place at the end of an activity, but progress can bemaintained by carrying out intermediate or stage evaluation, particularly whereintermediate stage achievements have been planned.3.12 general

36、arrangementoverall scheme, usually a drawing, which shows the main components of adesignNOTE Also known as “design layout”.3.13 inversionaid to creativity that considers the idea inside out or upside down3.14 manufactured productcomplete product produced singly, in batches, or in bulk by an industri

37、almanufacturing system3.15 product specificationreference specifying the features, characteristics and properties of a product,giving all the information that is required to create itNOTE Sometimes referred to as a technical specification.3.16 risk managementprocess whereby decisions are made to eli

38、minate, mitigate or accept a knownrisk or hazard3.17 specificationreference stating requirements that a product has to fulfilBRITISH STANDARD BS 7000-2:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 3NOTE 1 A qualifier should be used to indicate the type of specification, such asproduct specification,

39、test specification, etc.NOTE 2 Normally includes or mentions drawings, patterns and other references andindicates the means and criteria for checking conformity.3.18 technical fileproduct technical information collated to satisfy the documentationrequirements of European Directives applicable to the

40、 product (e.g. CE Marking)NOTE Can comprise specifications, drawings, items lists, design descriptions, riskassessments, test reports, copies of instructions for installation, use and maintenance(this is not an exhaustive list).3.19 test planplan outlining the test work to be undertaken to ensure th

41、at the performancerequirements of the eventual product can be achieved3.20 validationconfirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that the requirementsfor a specific intended use or application have been fulfilledNOTE 1 In design and development, validation concerns the process of dete

42、rmininga products suitability and conformity with user needs.NOTE 2 Validation is normally performed on the final product under definedoperating conditions. It may be necessary in earlier stages.NOTE 3 The term “validated” is used to designate the corresponding status.NOTE 4 Multiple validations may

43、 be carried out if there are different intended uses.3.21 validation protocolstatement of the method by which validation will be carried out, typicallycomprising a list of each product specification element, and for each adescription of the nature of the validationNOTE Could be an inspection, test o

44、r review.3.22 validation reportwritten report describing the results and outcome of conducting validation3.23 value chainfactors and activities undertaken by, or on behalf of, an organization thatcontribute to the value of its products as perceived by customers and users, fromconception through to f

45、inal disposal and recycling3.24 verificationconfirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that the specifiedrequirements have been fulfilledNOTE 1 The term “verified” is used to designate the corresponding status.NOTE 2 Confirmation can comprise such activities as:a) performing alternat

46、ive calculations;b) comparing a new design specification with a similar proven designspecification;c) undertaking tests and demonstrations;d) reviewing documents prior to issue.BRITISH STANDARDBS 7000-2:20154 The British Standards Institution 20154 Managing the design of manufactured productsat orga

47、nizational level4.1 Taking organizational responsibility for designThe ultimate responsibility for the quality of designs produced by, or on behalfof, an organization, rests with the board of directors, owner-managers orpartners.It is the boards collective responsibility to ensure that the organizat

48、ion has aclear sense of direction with respect to design programmes, so that allcontributions can be harnessed to their full potential. It is the chief executivesresponsibility to ensure that this direction is followed effectively and that designprogrammes make a full contribution to the organizatio

49、ns performance. Chiefexecutives might assign day-to-day executive responsibility for design to othermembers of the board or executives in the management hierarchy who reportdirectly to them. A chief executives design committee, or design policy group,can be established to oversee the management of design at the organizationallevel.Senior executives should demonstrate their understanding of responsibilities forand commitment to design programmes through their statements and actions.In particular they should ensure that com