AWWA M6-2012 Water Meters - Selection Installation Testing and Maintenance (Fifth Edition).pdf

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1、Water Meters Selection, Installation, Testing, and MaintenanceAWWA MANUAL M6Fifth EditionCopyright 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.Manual of Water Supply Practices M6, Fifth EditionWater MetersSelection, Installation, Testing, and MaintenanceCopyright 2012, American Water

2、Works AssociationAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, wi

3、thout the written permission of the publisher.The authors, contributors, editors, and publisher do not assume responsibility for the validity of the content or any consequences of its use. In no event will AWWA be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out

4、 of the use of information presented in this book. In particular, AWWA will not be responsible for any costs, including, but not limited to, those incurred as a result of lost revenue. In no event shall AWWAs liability exceed the amount paid for the purchase of this book.AWWA Publications Manager: G

5、ay Porter De NileonAWWA Project Manager/Sr. Technical Editor: Martha Ripley GrayAWWA Sr. Production Editor: Cheryl ArmstrongAWWA Manuals Specialist: Molly BeachAWWA Manuals Coordinator: Beth BehnerRevision Project Coordinator for M6, 5th ed.: Polly FultonLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication

6、 DataWater meters-selection, installation, testing, and maintenance. - 5th ed.p. cm. - (AWWA manual ; M6)Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-1-58321-862-41. Water-meters. I. American Water Works Association.TD499.W383 2012628.144-dc232012004592Printed in the United States of Ameri

7、caAmerican Water Works Association6666 West Quincy AvenueDenver, CO 80235-3098ISBN 978-1-58321-862-4Printed on recycled paperCopyright 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.ContentsList of Figures, vList of Tables, viiForeword, ixAcknowledgments, xiChapter 1 History of Water Mea

8、surement and Development of Water Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Introduction, 1Water Supply in Ancient Times, 1Measuring Devices of More Recent T

9、imes, 5Acceptance of Meters by Water Utilities, 25Standardization, 25Remote-Reading Devices, 28Plastic Parts and Components, 29Chapter 2 Selecting Meter Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Introduction, 31Small

10、Flows, 32Medium Flows, 33Large Flows, 33Chapter 3 Effects of Water-Flow Friction, Increased Usage, and Pressure Losses on Service Adequacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Introduction, 37Factors to Consider in Sizing Mains, 37Frict

11、ion-Loss Data, 38Sample Service Installation Calculation, 41Chapter 4 Meter Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43Introduction, 43Indoor Versus Outdoor Settings, 43Meter Installation, 44Chapter

12、5 Testing of MetersTest Procedures and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53Introduction, 53Accuracy Limits, 54Testing New Meters, 57Field Testing, 80Chapter 6 Maintenance and Repair of Water Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87Introduction, 87Meter Replacement, 88M

13、eter Maintenance and Repair, 89Disassembling, 89Mechanical-Drive Meter Reassembly, 91Repair of Magnetic-Drive Meters, 91Conclusion, 91iiiCopyright 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ivChapter 7 Maintenance Shop Layout and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14、 . . . . . . . . 93Introduction, 93Meter Shop Equipment, 94Shop Layout, 97Chapter 8 Meter Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103Introduction, 103Elements of a Good Record System, 103Paper Me

15、ter Records, 106Summary, 106Chapter 9 Remote Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107History, 107Current Status, 108Bibliography, 109 Index, 111List of AWWA Manuals, 113Copyright 2012 American Water Works As

16、sociation. All Rights Reserved.Figures1-1 Roman adjutage, 31-2 Pitot tube, 61-3 Modified Pitot tube, 61-4 Improved form of the Woltmann meter, 71-5 Cutaway of an “open or interchangeable” internal mechanism Woltmann-type turbine meter, 81-6 Cutaway of a “closed” Woltmann-type turbine meter with magn

17、etic drive, 81-7 Original form of the Woltmann meter, 91-8 Class I turbine meter, 101-9 Class II turbine meter, 111-10 Venturi tube, 111-11 Orifice meter and differential pressure sensing mercury manometer instrument, 121-12 Original duplex-piston meter, 141-13 Early rotary-piston meter, 141-14 Disp

18、lacement-type oscillating-piston meter with magnetic drive, 161-15 Displacement-type nutating-disc meter with magnetic drive, 171-16 AWWA standard C710 positive displacement meter, nutating-meter type, 171-17 Cutaway of a dry-head multijet meter without a “frost protection” device, 181-18 Cutaway of

19、 a dry-head multijet meter with a patented “frost protection” device, 181-19 A section view of the fluidic oscillator internal mechanism, 191-20 An isometric view of the fluidic oscillator internal mechanism, 191-21 Simplified drawing of the singlejet meter, 191-22 Design details of the singlejet me

20、ter, 201-23 Large meter, singlejet design, 201-24 Compound meter, double-register type, 221-25 Compound meter, single-register type, 221-26 Fire-service meter, 241-27 Propeller meter, 241-28 A 4-in. ultrasonic meter, 261-29 A battery-powered electromagnetic meter, 271-30 A turbine meter with electro

21、nic enhancement, 271-31 Typical plastic-body small-disc meter, 294-1 Two types of meter setters for vertical indoor piping, 45vCopyright 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. vi4-2 Meter arrangements for fire services, 464-3 Residential fire service fitting, 464-4 Outdoor meter

22、 settings with integral yoke (left) and meter yoke (right), 484-5 Manifold of large meters, 494-6 Optimum turbine meter installation, 515-1 A typical accuracy curve for a -in. (15-mm) meter, 555-2 Basic requirements for a volumetric meter-testing assembly, 735-3 Rotameter rate-of-flow indicator, 745

23、-4 Test bench for small meters, 755-5 Testing of large meters, 755-6 Large meter testing facility, 765-7 Detail of calibration scale of testing tank and sectional view of tank with outlet valve, 775-8 Automatic cutoff valve, 795-9 Large multiple-meter test bench, 805-10 Field-test apparatus for smal

24、l meters, 825-11 Field testing flanged meters, 835-12 Mobile meter test van, 835-13 Mobile test unit, 846-1 A meter technician maintaining modern concept water meters, 886-2 Opening of disc chamber and gauging of chamber ball socket, 906-3 Examination and assembly of chamber and disc, 907-1 Suggeste

25、d layout for small modern repair shop, 997-2 Suggested layout for medium modern repair shop, 1007-3 Suggested layout for large modern repair shop, 1018-1 Meter history record, 1058-2 Report of meter test and repairs, 106Copyright 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. viiTables2

26、-1 Types of meters for water measurement, 323-1 Elevation above supply mainelevation head, 393-2 Comparison of computed water flow friction losses for service line, psi/ft, 393-3 Computed pressure losses for service components, psi, 403-4 Discharge from fixtures and faucets at various operating pres

27、sures, 424-1 Large meter installation guides for compound meters and class I and II turbine meters, 495-1 Accuracy limits for compliance with guidelines, 565-2 State public service commission regulations for periodic testing of water meters as of Nov. 30, 1994, 605-3 Test requirements for new, rebui

28、lt, and repaired cold-water meters, 635-4 Percentage registration tables for test quantities other than 10, 100, or 1,000 gal or ft3, 675-5 1999 sample test meters test resultsset date, 705-6 1999 sample test meters test resultspurchase date, 715-7 1999 sample test meters test resultsconsumption, 72

29、Copyright 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. viiiCopyright 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. ForewordThis manual is a guide to selecting, installing, testing, and maintaining water meters. The manual discusses recommended practices; it is not an AWW

30、A standard calling for compliance with certain specifications. It is intended for use by new and existing utilities of all sizes, either as a textbook for those not fully familiar with meters or as a reference manual. Water utilities may use this manual as a tool to obtain the best rev-enue for thei

31、r investment in meters and maintenance facilities. Design engineers and consultants may use this manual in laying out new meter installations or repair shops.Most readers will first use this manual for assistance on an individual problem; however, for adequate knowledge of the field of water meter u

32、sage, the entire manual should be studied. This manual references applicable AWWA standards for the various types of meters. These standards may be purchased by calling AWWA Customer Ser-vice (800.926.7337) or through the Bookstore section of the AWWA website, awwa.org. The AWWA manual on water mete

33、rs was first published in a series of articles in the June, July, August, and September 1959 issues of Journal - American Water Works Association and was compiled as a separate reprint in 1962. A second edition of the manual was published in 1973, as a complete revision, updating and substantially e

34、nlarging the 1962 serial edition. The third and fourth editions, published in 1986 and 1999, respectively, reflected the latest revisions of the AWWA meter standards at the time and included substantial updates to the text and photographs. This fifth edition contains current information from the lat

35、est AWWA meter standards, including new AWWA standards on singlejet meters and fluidic-oscillator meters. Since 1999, much has changed in meter reading technology, and the future holds even greater promise.ixCopyright 2012 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. xCopyright 2012 Americ

36、an Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved. AcknowledgmentsThe AWWA Standards Subcommittee on Revision of Manual M6, which developed this fifth edition, had the following personnel at the time:Floyd S. Salser Jr., ChairS. Bartram, Elster AMCO Water, Ocala, Fla.T.D. Bianchi, Neptune Technology G

37、roup Inc., Tallassee, Ala.T. Butler, Itron, Silver Springs, Fla.M.D. Cole, Infinity Metering Company Inc., Ocala, Fla.G.H. De Jarlais, Badger Meter Inc., Milwaukee, Wis.A. Dudley, Itron, Greenwood, S.C.G. Gomez, Badger Meter Inc., Milwaukee, Wis.D.E. Hood, M.E. Simpson Company Inc., Valparaiso, Ind.

38、J.E. Jackson, Sensus Metering Systems, Texarkana, TexasM.C. Johnson, Utah State University, Logan, UtahM.J. Kebles, Water Industry Consultant, Las Vegas, Nev.T.A. Kelly Jr., Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission, Laurel, Md.R.N. Koch, Master Meter Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa.D.J. Kullmann, Neptune Techno

39、logy Group Inc., Marietta, Ga.G.G. Land, Dallas Water Utilities, Dallas, TexasR.A. Richter, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Md.F.S. Salser Jr., Floyd S. Salser Jr. they taught the useful from choice, rather than that which was merely beautiful in design or tendency. The

40、y felt comparatively little predilection for “pursuing science for sciences sake,” as the phrase goes, while they pursued to the utmost of their abilities, and most ably for their day, the “art of directing the great sources of power in nature for the use and convenience of man,” which constitutes t

41、he profession of the civil engineer.After describing in great detail the construction of the nine huge aqueducts, Frontinus wrote:Having now given the builders and the age of each aqueduct, also their sources, lengths of channel, and order of heights, it seems to me not out of keeping to go more int

42、o detail, and to demonstrate how large is the quantity of water which is allotted to public and to private uses, as well as for luxury; and through how many tanks it is conveyed, and in what wards these are located; how much water is distributed within the city walls, how much without, how much is u

43、sed for water basins, how much for fountains, how much for public structures, how much on account of the state, how much by private consumers. But before i mention the names qui-naria, centenaria, and those of the other adjutages (Figure 11) by which water is gaged, i deem it expedient to state what

44、 is their origin, what their discharge, capacity, or value, and what each name means; and to show, after presenting the rules according to which their proportions and capacity are computed, how i discovered their discrepancies, and the way i set about to correct them.The adjutages to measure water a

45、re arranged either according to digits or inches. Digits are used down to the present day in Campania, and in very many places in italy; inches in Apulia and elsewhere. The digit, according to common agreement, is the one sixteenth part of a foot, the inch the twelfth; but even as there is a differe

46、nce between the inch and digit, so also digits differ among themselves; some are called square, others round. The square digit is greater than the round digit by three fourteenths of itself; the round digit is smaller than the square digit by three elevenths, obviously because the corners are lopped off.Just a few paragraphs further, we find the amazing statement:But every adjutage is gaged ei