AWS C3 7M C3 7-2011 Specification for Aluminum Brazing (4th Edition).pdf

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1、AWS C3.7M/C3.7:2011An American National StandardSpecification forAluminum BrazingAWS C3.7M/C3.7:2011An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteOctober 5, 2011Specification forAluminum Brazing4th EditionSupersedes AWS C3.7M/C3.7:2005Prepared by theAmerican Weldin

2、g Society (AWS) C3 Committee on Brazing and SolderingUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis specification presents the minimum fabrication, equipment, material, process procedure, and inspection requirementsfor the brazing of alu

3、minum by all of the processes commonly usedatmosphere furnace, vacuum furnace, and flux pro-cesses. Its purpose is to standardize aluminum brazing requirements for all applications in which brazed aluminum joints ofassured quality are required. It provides criteria for classifying aluminum brazed jo

4、ints based on loading and the conse-quences of failure and quality assurance criteria defining the limits of acceptability of each class.iiAWS C3.7M/C3.7:2011International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-798-6American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2011 by American Welding S

5、ocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright

6、owner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222

7、Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAWS C3.7M/C3.7:2011Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary cons

8、ensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other

9、 govern-mental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWSstandards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part ofthose laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards ca

10、rry the full legal authority of the contract or other documentthat invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirementsof an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed th

11、rough a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate,

12、 or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly result

13、ing from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any informationpublished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron beh

14、alf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonabl

15、e care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions are entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publicationof amendments or e

16、rrata. It may also be supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions ofAWS standards including amendments, errata, and addenda are posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users shouldensure that they have the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication o

17、f this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standar

18、d.The AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of

19、any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami,

20、FL 33126 (see Annex B).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the person

21、al opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interp

22、retation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering. It must bereviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations,additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use

23、 in improving this standard are required and should beaddressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS C3 Committee on Brazingand Soldering and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guests areinvited to atten

24、d all meetings of the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering to express their comments verbally.Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of theTechnical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the Ame

25、rican Welding Society, 550 N.W.LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS C3.7M/C3.7:2011vAWS C3.7M/C3.7:2011PersonnelAWS C3 Committee on Brazing and SolderingR. W. Smith, Vice Chair S-Bond TechnologiesG. L. Alexy, 1st Vice-Chair The Prince therefore, a series of six indepe

26、ndent specifications on brazing have been written, all in the same format. These are AWSC3.4M/C3.4, Specification for Torch Brazing; AWS C3.5M/C3.5, Specification for Induction Brazing; AWSC3.6M/C3.6, Specification for Furnace Brazing; the present document AWS C3.7M/C3.7, Specification for AluminumB

27、razing; AWS C3.8M/C3.8, Specification for the Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Examination of Brazed Joints; and AWSC3.9M/C3.9, Specification for Resistance Brazing.After the completion of the fourth brazing specification, it was determined that a document providing specific criteriaand requirements for the ap

28、plication of ultrasonic testing to brazed joints was needed. Therefore, AWS C3.8M/C3.8,Specification for the Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Examination of Brazed Joints, was written to complement this series.The decision to subdivide the technology in this way was based on a survey of production brazing appl

29、ications con-ducted by the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering. The survey demonstrated that these six specificationswould cover the vast majority of brazing performed today.This fourth edition supersedes AWS C3.7M/C3.7:2005, bearing the same title and includes changes to numerous clauses topr

30、ovide clarification, correct inconsistencies, and updates representative of current industry practices.Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary, AWS C3Committee on Brazing and Soldering, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune

31、 Road, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.xAWS C3.7M/C3.7:2011xiAWS C3.7M/C3.7:2011Table of ContentsPage No.Personnel vForeword.vii1. General Requirements 11.1 Scope.11.2 Units of Measurement.11.3 Safety 12. Normative References .13. Terms and Definitions .24. Classification of Brazed

32、Joints .34.1 Method of Classification.34.2 Class A Joints34.3 Class B Joints34.4 Class C Joints34.5 No Class Specified35. Process Requirements .45.1 Process Description.45.2 General Heat Source Requirements45.3 Temperature Requirements .55.4 Operational Requirements of the Furnace, Oven, or Bath65.5

33、 Fixtures .75.6 Aluminum Brazing Materials .75.7 Product Brazing Requirements .75.8 Rebrazing 95.9 Brazing Procedure Qualification.95.10 Safety and Health96. Quality Assurance Provisions.106.1 Responsibility for Inspection 106.2 Requirements for Compliance 106.3 Sequence of Inspection and Manufactur

34、ing Operations .106.4 Required Inspection of Brazed Joints .106.5 Acceptance Criteria.126.6 Process Completion 13Annex A (Informative) Informative References.15Annex B (Informative) Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries 17List of AWS Documents on Brazing and Soldering.19This page is

35、intentionally blank.xiiAWS C3.7M/C3.7:2011AWS C3.7M/C3.7:201111. General Requirements1.1 Scope. This specification presents the minimum fabrication and quality requirements for brazing of aluminum andaluminum alloys. Its purpose is to standardize brazing process requirements and control brazed joint

36、 quality for all appli-cations for which brazed joints of assured quality are required. This document establishes the minimum requirementsfor processes and products with a minimum of explanatory information so that sources of ambiguity are minimized. Itassigns responsibility for the ultimate quality

37、 of the brazed product to a single organization and permits that organizationto modify requirements if appropriate to the application. It requires proper documentation of any such modification.1.2 Units of Measurement. This standard makes use of both the International System of Units (SI) and U.S. C

38、ustomaryUnits; the latter are shown within brackets ( ). The measurements may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independently.1.3 Safety. Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond the scope of this standard; some safety and health informationis provided, but such is

39、sues are not fully addressed herein.Safety and Health information is available from the following sources:American Welding Society:(1) ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes(2) AWS Safety and Health Fact Sheets(3) Other safety and health information on the AWS websiteMaterial o

40、r Equipment Manufacturers:(1) Material Safety Data Sheets supplied by the materials manufacturers(2) Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufacturersApplicable Regulatory Agencies:(1) United States Department of Labor, Occupational Safety AWS A3.0M/A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions,

41、Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Solder-ing, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying;AWS A5.8M/A5.8, Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding;AWS C3.3, Recommended Practices for the Design, Manufacture, and Examination of Critical Brazed Components;AWS C3.4M/C3.4, Sp

42、ecification for Torch Brazing;AWS C3.5M/C3.5, Specification for Induction Brazing; andAWS C3.8M/C3.8, Specification for the Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Examination of Brazed Joints.American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards:2ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes3; andANS

43、I Z540-1, General Requirements for Calibration Laboratories and Measuring and Test Equipment.American Society for Quality (ASQ) standard:4ASQ Z1.4, Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by AttributesASTM International standards:5ASTM E 230, Standard Specification and Temperature-Electromotiv

44、e Force (EMF) Tables for StandardizedThermocouples;ASTM E 1417, Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Inspection; andASTM E 1742, Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination.SAE International standard:6SAE AMS 2750, Pyrometry3. Terms and DefinitionsAWS A3.0M/A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Defi

45、nitions, Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Soldering,Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying, provides the basis for terminology used herein. However, the following termsand definitions are included below to accommodate usage specific to this document.braze joint. The total area, as defin

46、ed by the engineering drawing, of the faying surfaces to be joined by brazing and thefillets that form at the edges of that area.braze joint proper. The total area, as defined by the engineering drawing, of the faying surfaces to be joined by brazing,excluding any fillets that form at the edges of t

47、hat area.1AWS standards are published by the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.2ANSI standards are published by the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.3This ANSI standard is published by the American Welding Soc

48、iety, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.4ASQ standards are published by the American Society for Quality (ASQ), 600 North Plankinton Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53203-3005.5ASTM International standards are published by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.6SAE I

49、nternational standards are published by SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.AWS C3.7M/C3.7:20113brazing procedure specification (BPS). A document specifying the required brazing variables for a specific application.brazing symbol. The symbol on the engineering drawing designating the location, class, and configuration of the brazedjoint. Such symbols shall be in accordance with AWS A2.4, Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestruc-tive Examination.controlled-atmosphere brazing (CAB). Brazing performed in an oven or furnace where the composition o