AWS C3 12M C3 12-2017 Specification for Furnace Soldering (1st Edition).pdf

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1、AWS C3.12M/C3.12:2017An American National StandardSpecification forFurnace SolderingAWS C3.12M/C3.12:2017An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteMay 23, 2017Specification forFurnace Soldering1st EditionPrepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) C3 Committe

2、e on Brazing and SolderingUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis specification provides the minimum requirements for equipment, materials, processing procedures as well asinspection for metal and ceramic base materials that can b

3、e furnace soldered. This specification provides criteria forclassifying furnace soldered joints based on loading and the consequences of failure. It also provides quality assurancecriteria that define the limits of acceptability in each class. This specification describes acceptable furnace solderin

4、gequipment, materials, and procedures, as well as the required inspection for each class of solder joint so produced.iiAWS C3.12M/C3.12:2017ISBN: 978-0-87171-913-3 2017 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard

5、may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted inany form, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of thecopyright owner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the intern

6、al, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appro-priate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400;Internet: .iiiAWS C3.12M/C3.12:2017Statement on the U

7、se of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards In

8、stitute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmentalbodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any ch

9、anges in those AWS standardsmust be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those lawsand regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokesthe AWS standards. Where this con

10、tractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWSstandard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoint

11、s and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the processand establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, orverify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS discla

12、ims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the a

13、ccuracy or completeness of any information publishedherein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneels

14、e. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to a

15、ppropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publication of amendmentsor errata, or supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions of AWS standards includingamendments, errata,

16、and addenda is posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users should ensure that they havethe latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringeme

17、nt of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.Official interpretations of any of

18、 the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Standards Development, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166 (see

19、 Annex B). Withregard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered. Theseopinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professional advice.Such opinions represent only the personal opinions o

20、f the particular individuals giving them. These individuals do notspeak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of AWS.In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This

21、 standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering. It must bereviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations,additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving

22、 this standard are requested and should beaddressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS C3 Committee on Braz-ing and Soldering and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments.Guests are invited to attend all meet

23、ings of the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering to express their commentsverbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules ofOperation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Weld

24、ingSociety, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS C3.12M/C3.12:2017vAWS C3.12M/C3.12:2017PersonnelAWS C3 Committee on Brazing and SolderingR. W. Smith, Chair S-Bond TechnologiesG. L. Alexy, 1st Vice Chair Alexy MetalsC. M. Volpe, 2nd Vice Chair Senior Aerospace

25、Metal Bellows DivisionJ. R. Douglass, Secretary American Welding SocietyJ. J. Bassindale Woodward, IncorporatedD. E. Budinger General Electric AviationJ. A. Bush The Prince therefore each system must be used independently.1.3 Safety. Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond the scope of this

26、 standard; some safety and health informationis provided, but such issues are not fully addressed herein.Safety and Health information is available from the following sources:American Welding Society:(1) ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes(2) AWS Safety and Health Fact Sheet

27、s(3) Other safety and health information on the AWS websiteMaterial or Equipment Manufacturers:(1) Safety Data Sheets supplied by the materials manufacturers(2) Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufacturersApplicable Regulatory AgenciesWork performed in accordance with this standard may invo

28、lve the use of materials that have been deemed hazardous,and may involve operations or equipment that may cause injury or death. This standard does not purport to address allsafety and health risks that may be encountered. The user of this standard should establish an appropriate safety programto ad

29、dress such risks as well as to meet applicable regulatory requirements. ANSI Z49.1 should be considered whendeveloping the safety program.1.4 Ordering Information. The purchaser shall provide the following information to the fabricator:(1) Part number and quantity of parts(2) Parent metal alloy and

30、condition(3) Solder Filler MetalAWS C3.12M/C3.12:20172The following information is optional or has default requirements in this document; therefore, the purchaser may specifyalternate requirements:(1) Solder joint classification (Clause 4)(2) Cosmetic criteria(3) Fillet size(4) Areas to be free of e

31、xcess filler metal(5) Heating or cooling rates(6) Postsolder heat treatment(7) Pre- or postsolder cleaning methods(8) Method of nondestructive examination(9) Name of the Organization Having Quality Responsibility2. Normative ReferencesThe documents listed below are referenced within this publication

32、 and are mandatory to the extent specified herein. Forundated references, the latest edition of the referenced standard shall apply. For dated references, subsequent amend-ments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply.American Welding Society (AWS) standards:AWS A2.4, Standard Sy

33、mbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive ExaminationAWS A3.0M/A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Solder-ing, Thermal Cutting, and Thermal SprayingAWS B2.3/B2.3M, Specification for Soldering Procedure and Performance QualificationAWS C3.

34、3, Recommended Practices for the Design, Manufacture, and Examination of Critical Brazed ComponentsAWS C3.8M/C3.8, Specification for the Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Examination of Brazed JointsAmerican Society for Quality (ASQ) standard:ASQ Z1.4, Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes

35、SAE International/Aerospace Materials Division standard:SAE AMS 2750, PyrometryASTM International standards:ASTM B32, Standard Specification for Solder MetalASTM B813, Standard Specification for Liquid and Paste Fluxes for Soldering of Copper and Copper Alloy TubeASTM B907, Standard Specification fo

36、r Zinc, Tin and Cadmium Base Alloys Used as SoldersASTM E230/E230M, Standard Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for StandardizedThermocouplesASTM E1742/E1742M, Standard Practice for Radiographic ExaminationASTM E1417/E1417M, Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant TestingI

37、nternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard:ISO 12224-1, Solder wire, solid and flux cored Specification and test methods Part 1: Classification and perfor-mance requirementsAWS C3.12M/C3.12:20173Institute of Printed Circuits (IPC)/Electronics Industry Alliance (EIA) standards:IPC/E

38、IA J-STD-004, Requirements for Soldering FluxesIPC/EIA J-STD-005, Requirements for Soldering PastesIPC/EIA J-STD-006, Requirements for Electronic Grade Solder alloys and Fluxed and Non-Fluxed Solid Solders forElectronic Solder ApplicationsNational Conference of Standards Laboratories (NCSL) standard

39、:NCSL Z540.3, Requirements for the Calibration of Measuring and Test Equipment3. Terms and DefinitionsAWS A3.0M/A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, provides the basis for terminology used herein. However,the following terms and definitions are included below to accommodate usage specific t

40、o this document.joint width. The joint width is the lesser of the two dimensions of the joint parallel to the faying surfaces. protective finish. A coating layer deposited on either the base material or a solderable finish to protect their solderability.Organization Having Quality Responsibility. Th

41、e organization responsible to the end user of the product for the qual-ity of the product and its suitability for the intended use. This organization is usually the manufacturer and marketerof the final product in commercial business and the prime contractor in government procurement. Although sucho

42、rganizations may subcontract soldering and related operations to others, they cannot delegate the ultimate responsi-bility for the service suitability of the product to these subcontractors.resoldering. The correction of a defect in the solder joint through the application of additional solder after

43、 assembly butprior to leaving the manufacturing cycle.solderability. The capacity of the solder filler metal to spontaneously wet and spread over the solder joint surfaces.solder joint. The total area, as shown by the engineering drawing, of the faying surfaces to be joined by soldering,including th

44、e exposed fillets.(solder) spreading. The spontaneous coverage of the base material surfaces by the molten solder. Spreading alsoincludes capillary flow of molten solder within a hole or gap.solderable finish. A coating layer deposited on top of the base material, to which the solder filler metal wi

45、ll wet andform a metallurgical bond.Soldering Procedure Specification (SPS). A document specifying the required soldering variables that are for a specificapplication.void. Any area of the solder joint that is not completely filled with solder filler material.wetting. The phenomenon whereby a liquid

46、 filler metal or flux spreads and adheres in a thin continuous layer on a solidsurface.4. Classification of Structural Solder Joints4.1 Method of Classification. Furnace soldered joints are classified in this specification based on two criteria: thedesign requirements and the consequences of their f

47、ailure. The Organization Having Quality Responsibility should eval-uate these or other factors and assign the proper classification. This classification controls the inspection methods andthe limits required of observed metrics.4.2 Class A Joints. Class A is typically chosen for joints subjected to

48、high stresses, cyclic stresses, or both, the failure ofwhich could result in significant risk to persons or property, as well as could result in a significant operational failure.AWS C3.12M/C3.12:201744.3 Class B Joints. Class B is typically chosen for joints subjected to low or moderate stresses, c

49、yclic stresses, or both,the failure of which could result in a nominal risk to persons or property, or in an operational failure of nominal severity.4.4 Class C Joints. Class C is typically chosen for joints subjected to low or moderate stresses, cyclic stresses, or both,the failure of which would have no detrimental effect to persons, property, or operability of the product.4.5 No Class Specified. When no class is specified on the engineering drawing or approved in writing by the Organiza-tion Having Quality Responsibility, Class A requirements shall apply. In order to avoid the ambigu