ASTM F2916-2011 Standard Practice for Environmental Impact Analysis of Commercial Food Service Equipment《对商业食品工业设备进行环境影响评估的标准操作规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2916 11Standard Practice forEnvironmental Impact Analysis of Commercial Food ServiceEquipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2916; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice for analyzing the environmental impact offood service equipment is intended to document the perfor-mance of

3、food service equipment using attributes that areindicators of the appliances environmental impact. It includes,but is not limited to, cooking, warewashing, refrigeration,ventilation, and mechanical equipment that use energy or waterin a typical commercial cooking application.1.1.1 The method assigns

4、 points for each attribute andcalculates a total score for the appliance. A specifier orpurchaser of the appliance may use the individual results forcertain attributes that are important in their analysis of theenvironmental impact of product. The results may also be usedto compare the environmental

5、 impact of one model to anotherof the same type of equipment.1.1.2 The total score is not intended to provide a positive ornegative judgment of a certain appliances environmentalimpact.1.1.2.1 This analysis includes attributes that occur in themanufacturing, packaging, use, and disposal of a product

6、.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard. No other units of measurement are included inthis standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to esta

7、blish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1275 Test Method for Performance of GriddlesF1361 Test Method for Performance of Open Deep FatFryersF1484 Test Methods for Performance of

8、 Steam CookersF1496 Test Method for Performance of Convection OvensF1521 Test Methods for Performance of Range TopsF1605 Test Method for Performance of Double-SidedGriddlesF1639 Test Method for Performance of Combination OvensF1695 Test Method for Performance of Underfired BroilersF1696 Test Method

9、for Energy Performance of Single-Rack, Door-Type Commercial Dishwashing MachinesF1704 Test Method for Capture and Containment Perfor-mance of Commercial Kitchen Exhaust Ventilation Sys-temsF1784 Test Method for Performance of a Pasta CookerF1785 Test Method for Performance of Steam KettlesF1786 Test

10、 Method for Performance of Braising PansF1787 Test Method for Performance of Rotisserie OvensF1817 Test Method for Performance of Conveyor OvensF1920 Test Method for Performance of Rack Conveyor,Commercial Dishwashing MachinesF1964 Test Method for Performance of Pressure FryersF1965 Test Method for

11、Performance of Deck OvensF1991 Test Method for Performance of Chinese (Wok)RangesF2022 Test Method for Performance of Booster HeatersF2093 Test Method for Performance of Rack OvensF2140 Test Method for Performance of Hot Food HoldingCabinetsF2141 Test Method for Performance of Self-Serve Hot DeliCas

12、esF2142 Test Method for Performance of Drawer WarmersF2143 Test Method for Performance of Refrigerated Buffetand Preparation TablesF2144 Test Method for Performance of Large Open VatFryersF2237 Test Method for Performance of Upright OverfiredBroilersF2238 Test Method for Performance of Rapid Cook Ov

13、ensF2239 Test Method for Performance of Conveyor BroilersF2324 Test Method for Prerinse Spray Valves1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F26 on FoodService Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F26.05 on LifeCycle Cost and Sustainability.Current edition app

14、roved June 1, 2011. Published August 2011. DOI: 10.1520/F2916-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM webs

15、ite.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.F2379 Test Method for Energy Performance of PoweredOpen Warewashing SinksF2380 Test Method for Performance of Conveyor ToastersF2472 Test Method for Performance of Staff-Serve Hot D

16、eliCasesF2473 Test Method for Performance of Water-Bath Rether-malizersF2474 Test Method for Heat Gain to Space Performance ofCommercial Kitchen Ventilation/Appliance SystemsF2519 Test Method for Grease Particle Capture Efficiencyof Commercial Kitchen Filters and Extractors2.2 ASHRAE Standard:3ASHRA

17、E 72-2005 Method of Testing Commercial Refrig-erators and Freezers2.3 ARI Standard:4ARI 810-2006 Performance Rating of Automatic Commer-cial Ice Machines2.4 EU Standard:52002/95/EC Directive on the restriction of the use of certainhazardous substances in electrical and electronic equip-ment3. Termin

18、ology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 certified sustainable wood product, nwood productthat uses new material that originates from a certified sustain-able forest.3.1.1.1 DiscussionCertifying organizations are the Sus-tainable Forestry Initiative (SFI), the Canadian StandardsAssociation (CSA), the Forest Stewa

19、rdship Council (FSC), andthe American Tree Farm System (ATFS).3.1.2 easily recycled components, nparts made from re-cyclable materials in a product that can be separated forrecycling either without any tools or with common hand tools.3.1.2.1 DiscussionMaterials shall be all one type with nocoatings.

20、 Labels or small amounts of adhesives remaining onthe materials are acceptable.3.1.3 ENERGY STAR certified, advproduct is ENERGYSTAR certified if it is included in the current U.S. Environ-mental ProtectionAgency (US EPA) list of certified equipment.3.1.4 global warming potential, GWP, nmeasure of h

21、owmuch a given mass of greenhouse gas is estimated to contributeto global warming.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIt is a relative scale that compares thegas in question to that of the same mass of carbon dioxide(whose GWPis by convention equal to 1).AGWPis calculatedover a specific time interval. For the purpose

22、s of this practice,use a 100-year time horizon for calculating GWP. Use GWP5(1)6values from US EPAs tables (2).3.1.5 idle energy consumption rate, naverage rate atwhich an appliance consumes energy while it is idling, holding,or ready to cook at a temperature specified in the applicable testmethod f

23、or the product.3.1.6 material utilization, nratio of the total productweight to the total weight of raw materials used to make theproduct.3.1.7 ozone depletion potential, ODP, nratio of the im-pact on ozone of a chemical compared to the impact of asimilar mass of CFC-11.3.1.7.1 DiscussionThus, the O

24、DP of CFC-11 is defined tobe 1.0. For this practice, use values published by the US EPA(2).3.1.8 packaging ratio, nratio of the products packagingweight to the total product weight.3.1.9 packaging weight, ntotal weight of the productspackaging materials, which includes packaging for any acces-sories

25、 or options that are required to operate the product.3.1.10 rapidly renewable packaging content, npercentageof total package materials (by weight) that is from rapidlyrenewable resources.3.1.10.1 DiscussionThese are resources that can be har-vested in less than ten years after planting. This include

26、sbamboo and eucalyptus.3.1.11 recyclable materials, nmaterials that are com-monly recycled, which includes steel, iron, brass, copper,aluminum, zinc, glass, plastics witha1to6recycling code,paper, solid wood, and plywood.3.1.12 recyclable packaging content, npercentage of totalpackage materials (by

27、weight) that is recyclable after reachingthe products destination.3.1.12.1 DiscussionFor this practice, recyclable materialsinclude paper, cardboard, solid wood, plywood, and plasticslabeled with recycling codes 1 to 6.3.1.13 recycled material, nany material that is recoveredeither as waste from a m

28、anufacturing process or a product afterit is sold to the public that is remade into a new raw material.3.1.14 recycled packaging content, npercentage of totalpackage materials (by weight) that is recycled material.3.1.14.1 DiscussionThe recycled material may be bothpre- and post-consumer content.3.1

29、.15 restorable product, nproduct that can be restoredto its original performance after a normal lifetime of use byreplacing less than 50 % by weight of the original materials.3.1.16 remanufactured part, nany part that is recoveredfrom a product after it was sold to the public and thenrefurbished so

30、that it meets its original specifications.3.1.17 significant components, ncomponents that com-bine to equal at least 70 % of the total product weight.3.1.17.1 DiscussionAlso, components that individuallyequal5%ofthetotal product weight.3.1.18 total product weight, nweight of the product underevaluat

31、ion that includes permanent fluids (refrigerants, lubri-cants, and so forth), and unattached or detachable parts thatship with every unit.3.1.18.1 DiscussionTotal product weight does not includeoptions or accessories that are not required to ship with theproduct, packaging, and the user manual.3Avai

32、lable from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, http:/www.ashrae.org.4Available from Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, 4100 N. FairfaxDr., Suite 200, Arlington, VA 22203.5Available from http:/bookshop

33、.europa.eu.6The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.F2916 1123.1.19 use energy rate, naverage rate of energy consumedby the appliance while it is fully loaded for cooking, holding,washing, or another primary function of the appliance.4. Summary

34、of Practice4.1 Detailed information is gathered on the sustainablefactors for the product (see Appendix X1). This is informationabout the materials used in the product, the manufacturingprocess, packaging materials, and energy and water use of theproduct. The information is obtained by analysis of m

35、aterialsspecified in the products design, its manufacturing process,data gathered from component suppliers, and energy and waterused during performance tests of the product.4.2 The required information is entered in the associatedworksheet. It is used to assign points for each factor. Theworksheet t

36、hen adds the points awarded for each factor andcompares the sum to the total possible points for each productlife-cycle phase (manufacturing, packaging, use, and disposal).The worksheet adjusts the total points for each phase so eachphase represents one quarter or 25 points out of the totalpossible

37、100 points for products that consume water or energy.Each phase is assigned one third of the total possible points forproducts that do not consume water or energy (ignoring the usephase). The adjusted point total is then displayed for the phaseand the total points are displayed.4.3 If points are cla

38、imed for water or energy use testing,then the results of the tests are entered into the worksheetsummary tab.5. Significance and Use5.1 The report provides an equipment specifier or buyer theinformation they need when submitting data about equipmentin a project to sustainable certification programs

39、such as, butnot limited to, U.S. Green Building Councils Leadership inEnergy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Buildingprogram. The results of the analysis may also be used tocompare to similar pieces of commercial food service equip-ment to determine which unit has a higher sustainability point

40、total. Because a higher point total does not always indicate theproduct has a lower environmental impact, the user can reviewthe report to determine how the points were awarded for eachunit.6. Procedure6.1 Obtain data and enter values for factors affecting themanufacturing of the product. These are

41、entered on themanufacturing tab of the worksheet.6.1.1 Determine environmental regulation compliance, Fac-tor M1.6.1.1.1 Determine if the products manufacturing processesmeet all local, state, and U.S. national regulations related to itsmanufacture. The manufacturer should review codes appli-cable t

42、o the production processes and confirm that it meets allrequirements.6.1.1.2 The manufacturer obtains statements confirmingcompliance to all relevant local, state, and national codes fromsuppliers of all purchased or sourced significant componentssuch as, but not limited to, printed circuit boards.6

43、.1.1.3 If the review of manufacturing processes indicatescompliance with all required environmental codes, then enter 5points out of 5 possible for Factor M1.6.1.2 Determine the recycled and remanufactured content ofthe product, Factor M2.6.1.2.1 Analyze the products components and determinethe weig

44、ht of each component that is recycled content. Forcommon metals, use the following values: stainless steel75% (3), plain steel33 % (4), aluminum29 % (5), and copper(excluding wire)72 % (6).6.1.2.2 Sum the recycled content of all the components anddetermine the ratio of recycled material to the total

45、 productweight.6.1.2.3 Enter the percent recycled material in the scoringcomments column and assign points for Factor M2: 70 to 100%10 points, 60 to 69 %8 points, 50 to 59 %6 points, 40to 49 %4 points, 30 to 39 %2 points, and less than 30%0 points.6.1.3 Determine the products material utilization, F

46、actorM3.6.1.3.1 Identify significant components to be used for thematerial utilization analysis. Group these parts by manufactur-ing process, for example, fabricated sheet metal, aluminumextrusion, copper tube, flat glass, and so forth.6.1.3.2 Sum the weight of all significant components, wsc.6.1.3.

47、3 Sum the weight of all components in each processgroup, wpg1, wpg2, and so forth.6.1.3.4 Determine the material utilization for each process,mu1, mu2, and so forth.6.1.3.5 Calculate the average material utilization for signifi-cant components, mu.mu 5 wpg1/wsc! * mu11 wpg2/wsc! * mu21 (1)6.1.3.6 En

48、ter the average material utilization in the scoringcomments column and assign points for Factor M3: 90 to 100%10 points, 80 to 89 %8 points, 70 to 79 %6 points, 60to 69 %4 points, 50 to 59 %2 points, and less than 50%0 points.6.1.4 Determine the GWP of refrigerants used in the prod-uct, Factor M4.6.

49、1.4.1 Identify the type of refrigerant used in the product ifit used.6.1.4.2 Identify the GWP for that type of refrigerant. Sup-pliers of refrigerant can provide this value.6.1.4.3 Enter the type of refrigerant in the scoring commentscolumn and assign points for Factor M4: GWP 50000points, GWP 50000 points, GWP =3), radioactive substances, short-chainchlorinated paraffins, bis-tri-butyl tin oxide (TBTO), triphenyltetrazolium (TPT), azodoic dyes, lindane (wood treatment),pentachlorophenol (wood treatment), and formaldehyde