ASTM F1765-1997a(2007) Standard Guide for Ice Staff Self-Rescue Technique《冰杖自救技术标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 1765 97a (Reapproved 2007)Standard Guide forIce Staff Self-Rescue Technique1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1765; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num

2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide describes the self-rescue technique on iceutilizing an ice staff.1.2 This guide is one in a series of self-rescue techniques f

3、orthe ice rescuer.1.3 Individuals who will operate in the cold water or icerescue setting need to be aware of the equipment and physicalrequirements necessary to be able to perform all identifiedobjectives and necessary skills in the setting.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 drysuit, na protective

4、 suit that encompasses thewearer, prohibiting water from entering; a dry suit provides nobuoyancy or thermal protection without insulative undergar-ments.2.1.2 ice awl, na device, consisting of a sharp spike witha handle used for rescue on ice.2.1.3 ice staff, na stick, pole, or rod with a sharp spi

5、ke inone end used to traverse on ice or rescue on ice.2.1.4 immersion suit, ndesigned to provide cold waterprotection and buoyancy by one person in cold water emer-gencies.2.1.4.1 DiscussionThese devices should conform to stan-dards set by the appropriate national regulatory authority, thatis, the U

6、.S. Coast Guard in the United States.2.1.5 personal flotation device (PFD), n a buoyant devicesuitable for use by one person in water emergencies.2.1.5.1 DiscussionThese devices should conform to stan-dards set by the appropriate national regulatory authority, thatis, the U.S. Coast Guard in the Uni

7、ted States.3. Significance and Use3.1 This guide establishes a recommended procedure forutilizing an ice staff as a self-rescue technique on ice.3.2 All persons who are identified as ice rescuers shall meetthe requirements of this guide.3.3 This guide will assist government agencies; state, local,or

8、 regional organizations; fire departments, rescue teams andothers who are responsible for establishing a minimum perfor-mance for personnel who respond to ice emergencies.3.4 This guide is not intended to be used in isolation, but asa component guide acknowledging many skills and techniquesneeded to

9、 respond at a cold water and ice emergency.3.5 An ice rescuer shall be wearing an immersion suit,drysuit with PFD, or equivalent cold water protection andbuoyancy to perform these rescues.3.6 An ice rescuer shall carry a set of ice awls along with theice staff as a backup technique.4. Procedure4.1 T

10、he ice rescuer should grasp the ice staff firmly near thespiked end.4.2 Extend the staff in a downward slanting position tappingin a semicircle to test the ice.4.3 Listen for a clear, hard resonating sound indicating goodice.4.4 Move slowly onto the area of ice that has been tested.4.5 Continue to t

11、raverse by sliding steps to lessen the impactof the footsteps while distributing body weight as evenly aspossible.4.6 When moving, continue listening for the clear, hardresonant sound; however, a dull sound or thud may indicateweaker ice.4.7 The rescuer should use the spiked end of the staff to test

12、those areas of ice by jabbing at the surface. If the ice breaksaway or is deteriorative, select another path.4.8 If the ice begins to break, lie down and roll to safety.4.9 If the rescuer becomes immersed, cover the mouth andnose to prevent aspiration.4.10 While immersed, remain calm and use the sta

13、ff hori-zontally to lift up and onto the ice, rolling to safety.4.11 The rescuer can utilize the staff while immersed in avertical position by allowing feet and legs to float to thesurface.4.12 While stabbing the spiked end into the ice, pull andflutter kick, sliding forward if ice conditions allow.

14、1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search andRescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.02 on Management andOperations.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 1

15、765 97a(2002).1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.13 If ice conditions do not allow, continue stabbing andkicking to reach stronger ice, then roll to safety.5. Keywords5.1 ice; ice rescue; ice rescuer; ice staff; water;

16、 water rescue;water rescuerASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infri

17、ngement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standar

18、d or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your view

19、s known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 1765 97a (2007)2