ASTM E631-2015 6018 Standard Terminology of Building Constructions《房屋结构的标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: E631 15Standard Terminology ofBuilding Constructions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E631; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicate

2、s the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This Terminology consists of terms and definitionspertaining to the subject field of buildings and buildingconstruction, and in particular, terms related to the stan

3、dardsgenerated by ASTM Committee E06 on Performance ofBuildings.1.2 The purpose of this Terminology is to provide preferredand admitted designations along with the meanings and expla-nations of technical concepts applied in the subject field ofbuildings and construction, written for both the non-exp

4、ert andthe expert user.1.3 This comprehensive Terminology standard contains allASTM standardized definitions generated in ASTM Commit-tee E06 that are considered general in nature. Beyond thiscomprehensive terminology, there are also separate terminol-ogy standards that have been developed within Co

5、mmittee E06by a number of technical subcommittees.1.3.1 These separate general terminologies are created rela-tive to specific subject fields and the terminological entrieshave been grouped for convenient use (see Section 2 andAppendix X1). Some terminology data contained in those othersubsidiary te

6、rminology standards also appear in this compre-hensive standard.1.3.2 The following standards are separate terminologiesthat have been developed within specific E06 Subcommitteeswhose term entry lists are provided in Appendix X1:E833 Terminology of Building EconomicsE1480 Terminology of Facility Man

7、agement (Building-Related)E1481 Terminology of Railing Systems and Rails for BuildingsE1605 Terminology Relating to Lead in BuildingsE1749 Terminology Relating to Rigid Wall Relocatable SheltersE2110 Terminology for Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS)E2151 Terminology of Guides for Specify

8、ing and Evaluating Performanceof Single Family Attached and Detached DwellingsE2265 Terminology for Anchors and Fasteners in Concrete and Masonry1.4 Terms are listed in alphabetical sequence. Compoundterms appear in the natural spoken order. To show the relation-ships in certain families of concepts

9、, groups of narrower termsand their definitions are grouped under the definition of thebroader term. Each such sub-entry is listed also (in italics) witha cross-reference to the special class.1.5 Certain standard definitions herein are adopted fromother sources. Each is an exact copy. The source is

10、identified atthe right margin following the definition, and is listed inSection 2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC755 Practice for Selection of Water Vapor Retarders forThermal InsulationE73 Practice for Static Load Testing of Truss Assembli

11、esE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE546 Test Method for Frost/Dew Point of Sealed InsulatingGlass UnitsE564 Practice for Static Load Test for Shear Resistance ofFramed Walls for BuildingsE621 Practice for Use of Metric (

12、SI) Units in BuildingDesign and Construction(Committee E06 Supplement toE380) (Withdrawn 2008)3E774 Specification for the Classification of the Durability ofSealed Insulating Glass Units (Withdrawn 2006)3E779 Test Method for DeterminingAir Leakage Rate by FanPressurizationE859 Test Method for Air Er

13、osion of Sprayed Fire-ResistiveMaterials (SFRMs) Applied to Structural MembersE997 Test Method for Evaluating Glass Breakage Probabil-ity Under the Influence of Uniform Static Loads by ProofLoad TestingE998 Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass inWindows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under the

14、 Influenceof Uniform Static Loads by Nondestructive Method1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.94on Terminology and Editorial.Current edition approved March 1, 2015. Published April 2015. Ori

15、ginallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E631 14. DOI:10.1520/E0631-15.Those terms formerly contained in Definitions E540 77 are now contained inthis terminology.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at service

16、astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1

17、9428-2959. United States1E1186 Practices for Air Leakage Site Detection in BuildingEnvelopes and Air Barrier SystemsE1334 Practice for Rating the Serviceability of a Building orBuilding-Related Facility (Withdrawn 2013)3E1423 Practice for Determining Steady State ThermalTransmittance of Fenestration

18、 SystemsE1480 Terminology of Facility Management (Building-Related)E1553 Practice for Collection of Airborne Particulate LeadDuring Abatement and Construction Activities (With-drawn 2002)3E1554/E1554M Test Methods for Determining Air Leakageof Air Distribution Systems by Fan PressurizationE1613 Test

19、 Method for Determination of Lead by Induc-tively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry(FAAS), or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spec-trometry (GFAAS) TechniquesE1644 Practice for Hot Plate Digestion of Dust WipeSamples for the Determination o

20、f LeadE1645 Practice for Preparation of Dried Paint Samples byHotplate or Microwave Digestion for Subsequent LeadAnalysisE1677 Specification forAir Barrier (AB) Material or Systemfor Low-Rise Framed Building WallsE1679 Practice for Setting the Requirements for the Service-ability of a Building or Bu

21、ilding-Related Facility, and forDetermining What Serviceability is Provided or ProposedE1726 Practice for Preparation of Soil Samples by HotplateDigestion for Subsequent Lead AnalysisE1727 Practice for Field Collection of Soil Samples forSubsequent Lead Determination (Withdrawn 2014)3E1728 Practice

22、for Collection of Settled Dust Samples UsingWipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Lead Determi-nationE1729 Practice for Field Collection of Dried Paint Samplesfor Subsequent Lead Determination (Withdrawn 2014)3E1753 Practice for Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot TestKits for Detection of Lead in Dry P

23、aint FilmsE1775 Guide for Evaluating Performance of On-Site Extrac-tion and Field-Portable Electrochemical or Spectrophoto-metric Analysis for LeadE1783/E1783M Specification for Preformed ArchitecturalStrip Seals for Buildings and Parking StructuresE1792 Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for

24、 Leadin Surface DustE1796 Guide for Selection and Use of Liquid CoatingEncapsulation Products for Leaded Paint in BuildingsE1827 Test Methods for Determining Airtightness of Build-ings Using an Orifice Blower DoorE1828 Practice for Evaluating the Performance Characteris-tics of Qualitative Chemical

25、Spot Test Kits for Lead inPaint (Withdrawn 2010)3E1918 Test Method for Measuring Solar Reflectance ofHorizontal and Low-Sloped Surfaces in the FieldE1925 Specification for Engineering and Design Criteria forRigid Wall Relocatable Structures3. Terminology3.1 Symbols:aheight of cantilevered shear wall

26、, in metres (feet).blength of cantilevered shear wall, in metres (feet).Cinitial length of the diagonal =a21b2, in metres (feet).diagonal elongation, in millimetres (inches).total horizontal displacement of the top of the wall mea-sured with respect to the test apparatus, in millimetres(inches). Thi

27、s value includes effects due to panel rotation,translation, and shear.Emodulus of elasticity of flange or web material, dependingupon which material is held constant in a transformedsection analysis, psi (or MPa)Gshear modulus of the web material, psi (or MPa)Gshear stiffness of the diaphragm obtain

28、ed from test(includes shear deformation factor for the connectionsystem), lbf/in. (or N/mm)Gshear stiffness obtained from test, in newtons per metre(pound-force per inch).Gglobal shear stiffness, includes rotation and translationaldisplacements as well as diaphragm shear displacement.Gintinternal sh

29、ear stiffness, includes only the shear displace-ment of the wall in calculation.Imoment of inertia of the transformed section of the dia-phragm based on webs or flanges, in.4(or mm4)Ltotal span of a simply supported diaphragm, in. (or mm)Pconcentrated load, lbf (or N)Pconcentrated load applied at th

30、e top edge of the wall at theselected reference displacement, in newtons (pound-force).Puhighest load level held long enough to record gagemeasurements, in newtons (pound-force).Rumaximum diaphragm reaction, lbf (or N)Suultimate shear strength of the diaphragm, lbf/ft (or N/m)aspan length of cantile

31、ver diaphragm, in. (or mm)bdepth of diaphragm, in. (or mm)tthickness of web material, in. (or mm)wuniform load, lbf/in. (or N/mm)bbending deflection of diaphragm, in. (or mm)kempirical expression for that portion of the diaphragmdeflection contributed by the shear deformation of theconnection system

32、, in. (or mm)spure shear deformation of diaphragm, in. (or mm)sapparent total shear deformation of the diaphragm basedon test (see 8.1.2.2), in. (or mm). This factor includes bothE631 152the pure shear deformation and that contributed by distortionof the connection system.ttotal deflection of diaphr

33、agm, in. (or mm)1,2,deformation measured at Point 1, 2,-,in.(ormm)3.2 Terms and Their Definitions:accreditation, nofficial authorization, approval, or recogni-tion accorded an individual or organization based uponspecific qualification.DISCUSSIONIn specific use, it is necessary to include an identif

34、ica-tion of the type, scope, and limitations of the accreditation, and bywhom granted.ACH50, nthe ratio of the air leakage rate at 50 Pa (0.2 in.H2O), corrected for a standard air density, to the volume ofthe test zone (1/h). E1827acid rainrain having a pH of less than 5.65.DISCUSSIONThe pH of disti

35、lled water in equilibrium with carbondioxide under laboratory conditions is 5.6.active solar energy systemSee building subsystem.4adaptSee building modification.addSee building modification.aged insulation valuethermal resistance (R-value) of athermal insulation material as determined after standard

36、conditioning to simulate service exposure.air-change rateair-leakage in volume units per hour dividedby the building space volume with identical volume units(normally expressed as air changes per hour, ACH orACPH). E779air exfiltrationair leakage out of the building driven bynegative pressure. E1677

37、negative pressureair pressure on the outdoor side of abuilding envelope lower than on the indoor side. E1677air-handling unitthe distribution-system fan and portion ofthe distribution system that is integral to the furnace,air-conditioner, or heat-pump. E1554/E1554Mair infiltrationair leakage into t

38、he building drive by positivepressure. E1677positive pressureair pressure on the outdoor side of abuilding envelope higher than on the indoor side. E1677air leakage, nin buildings, the passage of uncontrolled airthrough cracks or openings in the building envelope or itscomponents, such as ducts, bec

39、ause of air pressure ortemperature difference.air leakagethe movement/flow of air through the buildingenvelope, which is driven by either or both positive (infil-tration) and negative (exfiltration) pressure differencesacross the envelope. E1677DISCUSSIONThese pressure differences are caused by wind

40、, me-chanical systems, and temperature differences (stack effect).air-leakage graphthe graph that shows the relationship ofmeasured air flow rates to the corresponding measuredpressure differences (usually plotted on a log-log scale).E779air leakage rate, Qenv, nthe total volume of air passingthroug

41、h the test zone envelope per unit of time (m3/s,ft3/min). E1827air-leakage ratethe volume of air movement per unit timeacross the building envelope. E779NOTE 1This movement includes flow through joints, cracks, andporous surfaces, or combination thereof. The driving force for such an airleakage in s

42、ervice can be either mechanical pressurization and de-pressurization, natural wind pressures, or air temperatures differentialsbetween the building interior and the outdoors, or combination thereof.air leakage ratethe time rate of air flow across the airretarder. Expressed as cubic feet per minute p

43、er square footof AR surface at a stated pressure differential across the ARexpressed in inches of H2O. (Cubic meters per second persquare meter of AR surface at a pressure differential inPascals.) E1677air leakage ratethe volume of air movement per unit timeacross the building envelope. This movemen

44、t includes flowthrough joints, cracks, and porous surfaces or combinationsthereof. The driving force for such air leakage in buildingscan be either mechanical pressurization or evacuation, natu-ral wind pressures, or air temperature differentials betweenthe building interior and the outdoors, or com

45、binationsthereof. E1186air-leakage ratethe volume of air movement per unit timeacross the building envelope or the exterior envelope of theair distribution system. E1554/E1554MDISCUSSIONThis movement includes flow through joints, cracks,and porous surfaces, or combinations thereof. The driving force

46、s forsuch air leakage in service can be mechanical pressurization anddepressurization, natural wind pressures, and air temperature differen-tials between the building interior and the outdoors.air leakage sitea location on the building envelope where airenters or exits the building causing air leaka

47、ge to occur.E1186air retarder (AR)a material or system in building construc-tion that is designed and installed to reduce air leakage eitherinto or through the opaque wall. E1677air sampling pumpa portable, battery-powered air pumpthat may be attached to a belt on a worker or to a stationaryobject.

48、The pump is used to draw air through a filter holderthat is placed within the personal breathing zone of a worker.Alternatively, the pump may be attached to a stationaryobject in order that it may be used for area sampling. E1553airtightness, nthe degree to which a test zone enveloperesists the flow

49、 of air. E1827NOTE 2ACH50, air leakage rate, and effective leakage area areexamples of measures of building airtightness.alterSee building modification.4Boldface terms are defined in this terminology.E631 153analysis runa period of measurement time on a giveninstrument during which data is calculated from a singlecalibration curve (or single set of curves). Recalibration of agiven instrument produces a new analysis run. E1613anchor, na device used to connect securely a buildingcomponent to adjoining cons