ASTM F303-2008(2016) Standard Practices for Sampling for Particles in Aerospace Fluids and Components《航空航天流体和部件中粒子取样的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: F303 08 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Practices forSampling for Particles in Aerospace Fluids andComponents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F303; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year

2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These practices cover sampling procedures for use indetermining the particle cleanliness of liquids and liquidsamp

3、les from components. Three practices, A, B, and C, havebeen developed on the basis of component geometry in order toencompass the wide variety of configurations. These practicesestablish guidelines to be used in preparing detailed proceduresfor sampling specific components.NOTE 1The term cleanliness

4、 used in these practices refers to solidparticles in the liquid. It does not generally cover other foreign matter suchas gases, liquids, and products of chemical degradation. Cleanliness withrespect to particulate contamination does not necessarily give any indica-tion of the other types of contamin

5、ation.1.2 All components, regardless of application, may be testedprovided (1) the fluid medium selected is completely compat-ible with the materials, packing and fluid used in the testcomponent, and test apparatus, and (2) the fluid is handled inaccordance with the manufacturers recommendations and

6、precautions. A liquid shall be used as the test fluid medium.These test fluids may be flushing, rinsing, packing, end useoperating, or suitable substitutes for end use operating fluids.(WarningPractices for sampling surface cleanliness by thevacuum cleaner technique (used on clean room garments andl

7、arge storage tanks) sampling gaseous fluids and handlinghazardous fluids such as oxidizers, acids, propellants, and soforth, are not within the scope of the practices presented;however, they may be included in addendums or separatepractices at a later date.Substitute fluids are recommended in place

8、of end item fluidsfor preassembly cleanliness determinations on componentsusing hazardous end item fluids. After obtaining the sample,the substitute fluid must be totally removed from the test partwith particular caution given to the possibility of trapped fluid.It is hazardous to use a substitute f

9、luid for testing assembledparts where the fluid can be trapped in dead ends, behind seals,and so forth.)NOTE 2The word fluid used in these practices shall be assumed to bea liquid, unless otherwise stated.1.3 The cleanliness of assemblies with or without movingparts may be determined at the time of

10、test; however, move-ment of internal component parts during the test will createunknown quantities of contamination from wear. Practice Bcovers configurations requiring dynamic actuation to achieve asample. The practice does not differentiate between built-inparticles and wear particles.NOTE 3Defini

11、ng allowable cleanliness limits is not within the scopeof these practices.1.4 The three practices included are as follows:SectionsPractice AStatic Fluid Sampling (Method forextracting fluid from the test article for analysis.This applies to components that have a cavity fromwhich fluid may be extrac

12、ted)513Practice BFlowing Fluid Sampling (Method for flush-ing contaminants from the test article for analysis.This applies to components which fluid can pass (1)directly through, or (2) pass into and out of by cy-cling)1422Practice CRinse Fluid Sampling (Method for rinsingcontaminants from the test

13、articles surfaces. Therinse fluid is analyzed for contamination. This ap-plies to components that do not have a fluid cavityor for other reasons are not adaptable to PracticesA and B)23311.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is t

14、heresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1836 Specification for Commercial HexanesF311 Practice for Processing Aerospace Liqu

15、id Samples forParticulate Contamination Analysis Using Membrane Fil-ters1These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E21 on SpaceSimulation and Applications of Space Technology and are the direct responsibilityof Subcommittee E21.05 on Contamination.Current edition approved Oct. 1,

16、2016. Published October 2016. Originallyapproved in 1965 as D242965 T. Redesignated F303 in 1970. Last previous editionapproved in 2008 as F303 08. DOI: 10.1520/F0303-08R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For A

17、nnual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F312 Test Methods for Microscopical Sizing and CountingParticles from Aero

18、space Fluids on Membrane FiltersF313 Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of HydraulicFluids by Gravimetric Analysis (Withdrawn 1988)32.2 Military Standards:MIL-T-27602 Trichlorine Oxygen Propellant Compatibles4MIL-H-6083 Hydraulic Fluid Petroleum Base for Pressure4MIL-H-5606 Hydraulic Fluid Petr

19、oleum Base for AircarrierMissiles and Ordinance43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 analytical membranea membrane filter used to col-lect the contaminant particles for analysis.3.1.2 azeotropic mixturea solution of two or more liquids,the composition of which does not change upon distillation.Also k

20、nown as azeotrope.3.1.3 blank analysissometimes referred to as “fluid tare,”“control level,” “reference contamination level,” or “back-ground level.” The blank analysis is the particulate contami-nation level of the test fluid when the test part is omitted.3.1.4 cleanup membranea membrane used to fi

21、lter thecontaminant particles from the fluid medium.3.1.5 componentan individual piece or a complete assem-bly of individual pieces.3.1.6 field filter holdera throw-away or reusable cartridgecontaining an analytical membrane filter.3.1.7 initial cleanlinessthe measure of contamination re-moved from

22、the test component at the time of test, excludingthat defined by operating cleanliness.3.1.8 membrane taresometimes referred to as “blankcount” or “control filter.” When applied to microscopemethods, the membrane tare is the quantity of particlesdetermined to be on the filter before the test fluid i

23、s filtered.When applied to gravimetric methods, the membrane tare is anamount of weight increase imparted to the control filter whenuncontaminated test fluid is passed through.3.1.9 operating cleanlinessthe measure of contaminantsgenerated by moving parts in the component during a specifiedperiod of

24、 dynamic operation.3.1.10 solvent filtering dispenseran apparatus to dispensea stream of 2.0 m or finer membrane filtered fluid.3.1.11 system tareThe measure of contamination deter-mined by replacing the test component with a connectingfitting and following the cleanliness test procedure as ifchecki

25、ng the test component.4. Summary of Practices4.1 Cleanliness is determined by sampling and analyzingfluid that has been in contact with the surface being analyzed.Specific methods are recommended; however, other methodshave been recognized due to the wide variety of componentsand different test equi

26、pment used by industry. Recommendedand alternative methods are given in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3.PRACTICE ASTATIC FLUID SAMPLING5. Scope5.1 This practice covers procedures for determining theparticulate contamination level of fluids from components thathave a cavity from which fluid may be extract

27、ed.6. Summary of Practice6.1 Fluid is extracted from the component and analyzed todetermine the particulate contamination level. Recommendedand alternative methods are given in Fig. 1.6.2 It is recommended that all operations of this practice beconducted in a dust controlled area. Cleanliness level

28、of thedust controlled area shall be consistent with the componentcontamination limits.7. Significance and Use7.1 Although a cleaning action is imparted to the testcomponent, it is not the intent of this practice to serve as acleaning procedure. Components are normally cleaner aftereach consecutive t

29、est; thus repeated tests may be used toestablish process limits for a given component (Fig. 4). Aspecific set of test parameters must be supplied by the agencyspecifying cleanliness limits. Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3 may be3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.as

30、tm.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, Attn: NPODS.FIG. 1 Recommended and Alternative Methods for Static FluidSampling (Practice A)F303 08 (2016)2used as a guide to establish the desired parameters of test fluid,v

31、ibration, extraction, and analysis.7.2 The curve in Fig. 4 shows the typical behavior of acomponent when tested for cleanliness several consecutivetimes. Stabilization generally occurs before the fifth successiverun. The stabilized region starts where a horizontal line throughthe maximum stabilized

32、value intersects the curve.7.3 The allowable cleanliness limit of a test componentshould be based on the cleanliness requirements of the systemin which it will be used, and the assigned value should begreater than the maximum stabilized value. When defining theallowable cleanliness limits, an import

33、ant consideration is thatthe accuracy of the results decreases as the allowable limitvalue approaches the stabilized value.8. Apparatus8.1 Apparatus, as described in Practice F313.8.2 Apparatus, as described in Test Methods F312 or asdescribed in Practice F311.8.3 Automatic Particle Counter, as requ

34、ired.8.4 Vibration Equipment, as specified.8.5 Apparatus Setup for Removing Component FluidSample, as shown in Fig. 4.NOTE 4Any suitable syringe and solvent dispensing devices may beused.8.6 Apparatus Setup for Providing Filtered Fluids, as shownin Fig. 5 (Note 4).9. Reagents59.1 Purity of ReagentsR

35、eagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,5A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) can be obtained from the vendor. Thefollowi

36、ng website can also provide MSDSs for all materials: Note that the specific fluorocarbon must beidentified.FIG. 2 Recommended and Alternative Methods for Flow ThroughSampling (Practice B)FIG. 3 Recommended and Alternative Methods for Rinse FluidSampling (Practice C)FIG. 4 Contamination per Test Run

37、Versus Consecutive Test RunNumberF303 08 (2016)3where such specifications are available.6Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.9.2 Reagents must be compatible with

38、the materials, fluid,and seals used in the component and apparatus.9.3 All reagents shall be prefiltered through a 2-m or finerabsolute membrane filter prior to use unless this requirement isimpractical due to the fluid used or sizes monitored in whichcase the user must filter as necessary.9.4 Low s

39、urface tension reagents commonly used are asfollows:9.4.1 Petroleum Ether,9.4.2 Hexane, in accordance with Specification D1836.9.4.3 Isopropyl Alcohol,9.4.4 Fluorocarbons,9.4.5 Mineral Spirits,9.4.6 Trichloroethylene, in accordance with MIL-T-27602,and9.4.7 Azeotropic mixture of ethyl acetate (47 %

40、vol) andcyclohexane (53 % vol).9.4.8 Deionized water.NOTE 5Methyl-chloroform, used in these practices, is toxic, and isbeing phased out for many applications. Methyl-chloroform has beenreplaced in this edition of these practices. The replacement solvents wereselected based on tests and analyses perf

41、ormed by The AerospaceCorporation and described in SMC-TR-9528.7NOTE 6Trichloroethylene has been labeled a potential human carcino-gen by the Environmental Protection Agency. Use should be restricted tolimit human exposure.10. Preparation of Apparatus10.1 Installation Requirements for Fig. 6The foll

42、owingrequirements must be accomplished prior to and during assem-bly of the apparatus shown in Fig. 6.(WarningAll connec-tions must be finger tight only.)10.1.1 Install the double valve and fluid outlet plastic tube.10.1.2 Remove caps or plugs, or both, from the field filterholder and place them in

43、a covered, precleaned, petri dish.10.1.3 Install the field filter holder onto the double valve,taking care to place the inlet side of the field filter holdertowards the fluid being withdrawn.10.1.4 Install fluid inlet needle onto the monitor.(WarningThe fluid inlet needle must be precleaned prior to

44、each usage.)10.2 General Requirements for Fig. 6:10.2.1 A control blank must be accomplished on the appa-ratus setup before fluid is withdrawn for component fluidsampling.10.2.2 It is recommended that the field filter holders be usedone time only for component fluid sampling. However, clean-ing in s

45、ufficient numbers might warrant their reuse, provided itis first determined that the monitors are sufficiently cleaned topermit their reuse without lessening the accuracy of thedetermination.10.2.3 Always actuate the syringe plunger slowly whenfilling or ejecting fluid.10.2.4 For ease of actuation,

46、the syringe plunger must belubricated. If the plunger is extremely hard to actuate, checkthe plunger seal for swelling which would indicate noncom-patibility with the fluids utilized.10.2.5 In order to minimize seal swell, it is desirable toremove the syringe plunger when not in use. Lubricate prior

47、 toeach reassembly.10.3 Installation Requirements for Fig. 7The followingrequirements must be accomplished prior to and during assem-bly on the apparatus shown in Fig. 7.(WarningSee 10.1.)10.3.1 Eject all fluid from the syringe.10.3.2 Install the hypodermic adapter and fluid outlet needleonto the do

48、uble valve. (WarningThe hypodermic adapterand fluid outlet needle must be precleaned and the hypodermicadapter filter disk replaced prior to each usage.)10.3.3 Exercise extreme caution to assemble the hypoder-mic adapter in the correct configuration. Tighten sufficiently toeffect a seal.6Reagent Che

49、micals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.7Aerospace Corporation Report No. TR95 (5448)-1, “Non-Volatile ResidueSolvent Replacement.”Available from TheAerospace Corporation, P.O. Box 9295