ASTM E1994-2009 Standard Practice for Use of Process Oriented AOQL and LTPD Sampling Plans《使用过程导向的平均质量检查最低限和批量允许不良率的抽样方案的标准实施规程》.pdf
《ASTM E1994-2009 Standard Practice for Use of Process Oriented AOQL and LTPD Sampling Plans《使用过程导向的平均质量检查最低限和批量允许不良率的抽样方案的标准实施规程》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM E1994-2009 Standard Practice for Use of Process Oriented AOQL and LTPD Sampling Plans《使用过程导向的平均质量检查最低限和批量允许不良率的抽样方案的标准实施规程》.pdf(24页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: E1994 09An American National StandardStandard Practice forUse of Process Oriented AOQL and LTPD Sampling Plans1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1994; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis standard is an abbreviated compilation of the sampling plans presented by H.F. Dodge andH.G. Romig in
3、 their classic development of sampling plans for use with the process associated witha continuing supply of products. The so calledAOQL plans provide a means for disposition of productwhether or not the process is in control as well as incentives for process improvement in terms ofreduced sample siz
4、e as the process average percent defective is lowered. In addition, so called LTPDplans are provided for use with individual lots of product, not necessarily associated with a processstream.The sampling plans and parts of the text given here are taken from the Wiley Classics LibraryEdition of the Do
5、dge-Romig tables (copyright 1998). Additional tables and detailed discussion of theplans, OC curves, and their derivation will be found in that text.2The theoretical development of theDodge-Roming plans will be found in Volumes 8 and 20 of the Bell System Technical Journal3,4andan amplification of t
6、he plans is given in Acceptance Sampling in Quality Control.51. Scope1.1 This practice is primarily a statement of principals forthe guidance of ASTM technical committees and others in theuse of Average Outgoing Quality Limit, AOQL, and LotTolerance Percent Defective, LTPD, sampling plans for deter-
7、mining acceptable of lots of product.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:6E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying ObservationsE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology E456 provides a more exten-sive list of terms in E11 standards.3.2 average q
8、uality protectiona type of protection inwhich there is prescribed some chosen value of average percentdefective in the product after inspection (average outgoingquality limit (AOQL), that shall not be exceeded in the longrun no matter what may be the level of percent defective in theproduct submitte
9、d to the inspector.3.3 average outgoing quality (AOQ)the average percentdefective of outgoing product including all accepted lots orbatches, after any defective units found in them are replaced byacceptable units, plus all lots or batches which are not acceptedafter such lots or batches have been ef
10、fectively 100 % in-spected and all defective units replaced by acceptable units.3.4 average outgoing quality limit (AOQL)the maximumof the AOQs for all possible incoming percentages defectivefor the process, for a given acceptance sampling plan.3.5 lot quality protectiona type of protection in which
11、there is prescribed some chosen value of limiting percentdefective in a lot (lot tolerance percent defective, (LTPD) andalso some chosen value for the probability (called the consum-ers risk) of accepting a submitted lot that has a percentdefective equal to the lot tolerance percent defective.3.6 lo
12、t tolerance percent defective (LTPD)for purposes ofacceptance sampling, the percentage of defective units in a lotfor which the consumer has a stated low probability ofacceptance of the lot.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E11 on Quality andStatistics and is the direct resp
13、onsibility of Subcommittee E11.30 on StatisticalQuality Control.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1994 08. DOI:10.1520/E1994-08.2Available from John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, NY
14、10158.3Dodge, H. F. and Romig, H. G., “AMethod of Sampling Inspection,” The BellSystem Technical Journal, Vol 8 , No. 10, 1924, pp. 613631.4Dodge, H. F. and Romig, H. G., “Single Sampling and Double SamplingInspection Tables,” The Bell System Technical Journal, Vol 20, No. 1, 1941, pp.161.5Schilling
15、, E. G., Acceptance Sampling in Quality Control, Marcel Dekker Inc.,NY, 1982, pp. 372399.6For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summ
16、ary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.7 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.7.1 consumers riskthe probability that a lot whosepercentage defective is equal to the LTPD will be acce
17、pted bythe plan.4. Significance and Use4.1 Two general types of tables (Note 1) are given, onebased on the concept of lot tolerance, LTPD, and the other onAOQL. The broad conditions under which the different typeshave been found best adapted are indicated below.4.1.1 For each of the types, tables ar
18、e provided both forsingle sampling and for double sampling. Each of the indi-vidual tables constitutes a collection of solutions to theproblem of minimizing the over-all amount of inspection.Because each line in the tables covers a range of lot sizes, theAOQL values in the LTPD tables and the LTPD v
19、alues in theAOQL tables are often conservative.NOTE 1Tables in Annex A1-Annex A4 and parts of the text arereproduced by permission of John R. Wiley and Sons. More extensivetables and discussion of the methods will be found in that text.4.2 The sampling tables based on lot quality protection(LTPD) (t
20、he tables in Annex A1 and Annex A2) are perhapsbest adapted to conditions where interest centers on each lotseparately, for example, where the individual lot tends to retainits identity either from a shipment or a service standpoint.These tables have been found particularly useful in inspectionsmade
21、 by the ultimate consumer or a purchasing agent for lotsor shipments purchased more or less intermittently.4.3 The sampling tables based on average quality protection(AOQL) (the tables in Annex A3 and Annex A4) are especiallyadapted for use where interest centers on the average quality ofproduct aft
22、er inspection rather than on the quality of eachindividual lot and where inspection is, therefore, intended toserve, if necessary, as a partial screen for defective pieces. Thelatter point of view has been found particularly helpful, forexample, in consumer inspections of continuing purchases oflarg
23、e quantities of a product and in manufacturing processinspections of parts where the inspection lots tend to lose theiridentity by merger in a common storeroom from whichquantities are withdrawn on order as needed.4.4 The plans based on average quality protection (AOQL)consider the degree to which t
24、he entire inspection procedurescreens out defectives in the product submitted to the inspector.Lots accepted by sample undergo a partial screening throughthe elimination of defectives found in samples. Lots that fail tobe accepted by sample are completely cleared of defectives.Obviously, this requir
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