ASTM E1836-2001 Standard Classification for Building Floor Area Measurements for Facility Management《设备管理用建筑物楼板面积测量的标准分类》.pdf

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1、Designation: E 1836 01An American National StandardStandard Classification forBuilding Floor Area Measurements for Facility Management1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1836; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o

2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This classification provides a systematic basis for cat-egorising how floor area in buildings

3、 is measured for certainspecified purposes, such as facility management, occupantrequirements, space planning, or strategic facility planning.1.2 This classification does not specify what measurementsmust be conducted.1.3 Annex A1 may be used to classify floor area in one ormore specific functional

4、types of building, such as offices,laboratory, or manufacturing buildings and building-relatedfacilities.1.4 This classification can be applied to owned, rented andleased buildings.1.5 The classification in Annex A1 is not intended for use inlease negotiations with owners of commercial office buildi

5、ngsor related properties. For that purpose, users are referred to theAmerican National Standard published by the American Na-tional Standards Institute under the designation ANSI Z65.1and commonly known as the ANSI-BOMA standard.1.6 This classification is not intended for, and is not suitablefor, us

6、e for regulatory purposes, nor for fire hazard assessmentnor for fire risk assessment.1.7 This classification, developed for use within NorthAmerica, is similar to the ISO 9836 Performance standards inbuildingDefinition and calculation of area and space indica-tors.1.8 This classification contains t

7、he following information inthe sections indicated:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Significance and Use 4Basis for Classification 5Report 6Keywords 7Annex A12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions2E 1480 Terminology of Facility Management

8、 (Building-Related)2E 1664 Classification for the Serviceability of an OfficeFacility for Layout and Building Factors22.2 ANSI Standard:ANSI Z65.1 96 Standard Method for Measuring FloorArea in Office Buildings33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 building, n, vt(1) a shelter comprising a partially or

9、totally enclosed space, erected by means of a planned processof forming and combining materials; (2) the act or process ofconstructing. E 6313.1.2 facility, na physical setting used to serve a specificpurpose.3.1.2.1 DiscussionA facility may be within a building, ora whole building, or a building wi

10、th its site and surroundingenvironment; or it may be a construction that is not a building.The term encompasses both the physical object and its use.E 6313.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 The descriptions of terms listed below also appear inAnnex A1.3.2.2 building projection,

11、na convector, baseboard heat-ing unit, radiator, or other building element located in theinterior of a building adjacent to a wall that prevents the use ofthat space for furniture, equipment, circulation, or other func-tions.3.2.3 excluded area, nfully enclosed spaces with adequateclear headroom tha

12、t, for some reason, are not intended for orare not suitable for occupancy by people or equipment, but not1This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.25on Whole Buildings and Facilities.Current ed

13、ition approved Dec. 10, 2001. Published March 2002. Originallypublished as E 1836 96. Last previous edition E 1836 98.2Annual ASTM Book of Standards, Vol 04.11.3Effective June 21, 1989, is available from American National StandardsInstitute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright

14、ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.spaces that are temporarily unusable due to flood, fire damage,construction, or renovation activity.3.2.3.1 DiscussionExamples of excluded areas are unfin-ished attic spaces, attic spaces without

15、unobstructed access,damp or flooded basements, and confined spaces requiringpermits for entry.3.2.4 finished surface, na wall, ceiling, or floor surface,including glass, as prepared for tenant or occupant use,excluding the thickness of any special surfacing materials suchas panelling, furring strips

16、, and carpet.3.2.5 interstitial area, nthe area of load-bearing surfaces,located above or below occupied building floors, that are notavailable for general occupancy due to inadequate clear head-room, but may contain building mechanical or electricalsystems predominantly serving adjacent floors or p

17、rovideaccess to such systems.4. Significance and Use4.1 This classification can be used to facilitate comparisonof areas that have been measured but does not specify whatmeasurements must be conducted.4.2 This classification can be used in space programmingand forecasting of space requirements.4.3 T

18、his classification can be used to classify areas forinternal cost accounting purposes.4.4 This classification can be used to compare space usebetween organizations.5. Basis for Classification5.1 The basis for classification of floor area measurementsfor certain functional types of building is contai

19、ned in AnnexA1.5.2 In the future, additional annexes are expected to beadded to this document to classify floor area measurements inother functional types of building and to compare floor areaclassifications for different purposes or from different coun-tries.5.3 Task groups of E06.25 exist to devel

20、op other annexes tothis classification, for some other functional types of building,and to enable comparison to area measurements from otherjurisdictions, including Japan and Europe.5.4 A method for estimating the effect of building lossfeatures is contained in Classification E 1664.6. Report6.1 Ann

21、ex A1 gives guidance for reporting measurementsfor certain functional types of building for those purposesstated in Section 1.6.2 When reporting floor area that has been categorised inaccordance with the guidance in Annex A1, identify themethod that was used and note any exceptions to its methods.Wh

22、ere possible, the extent of variation shall be assessed andstated as an estimate.7. Keywords7.1 area; building; building floor area; facility; facilitymanagement; floor area; measurement; occupant requirementANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING FLOOR AREA MEASUREMENTS IN OFFICE

23、S, RESEARCH, LABORATORY, ANDMANUFACTURING BUILDINGS AND BUILDING-RELATED FACILITIES4A1.1 IntroductionA1.1.1 This annex describes standard methods of measuringfacility floor areas in office, research, laboratory, and manufac-turing buildings. The purpose is to provide consistent termsand definitions

24、for floor area measurements to facilitate com-parison of space measurements among different organizations.A1.2 ScopeA1.2.1 This annex of the classification is applicable tomeasurement of space in both leased and owner occupiedbuildings. The document is applicable to office, research,laboratory, and

25、manufacturing buildings.A1.2.2 This annex of the classification is intended for use byfacility managers and occupants of buildings and building-related facilities. It is suitable for such purposes as strategicfacility planning, space management, and internal chargebackto occupant organizations.A1.2.

26、3 This annex of the classification is not intended foruse in lease negotiations with owners of commercial officebuildings or related properties. For that purpose, users arereferred to the American National Standard published by theAmerican National Standards Institute under the designationANSI Z65.1

27、 and commonly known as the ANSI-BOMAstandard.A1.2.4 The scope of this annex includes the followingcategories of floor area measurement. The relationships amongthem are listed in A1.2.5 and are diagrammed in Fig. A1.1.A1.2.4.1 building exterior gross area, measures all floorareas on all levels of a b

28、uilding. The measurement indicatestotal constructed space and is useful for building efficiency andconstruction cost comparisons.4This acknowledges the cooperation of the International Facility ManagementAssociation (IFMA) and its Standards Committee on the development of thisstandard.E 18362A1.2.4.

29、2 facility interior gross area, is the measurement ofarea at the floor surface plane as it intersects the exterior wall.A1.2.4.3 facility rentable area, is useful as a consistent basisfor comparison with other buildings. The calculation is appli-cable to both leased buildings and owner-occupied buil

30、dings.Facility rentable area as defined in this classification is notnecessarily the basis for lease agreements.A1.2.4.4 facility usable area, calculates the portion of abuilding or floor area used for secondary circulation and tohouse personnel, furniture, and equipment. Facility usable areais a me

31、asurement for programming, planning, and allocatingspace.A1.2.4.5 facility assignable area, measures the portion of afloor or building used to house personnel, furniture, andequipment. Facility assignable area is useful for detailedprogramming, planning, allocating, and layout of space.A1.2.5 Relati

32、onships among Floor Area Measurements:FIG. A1.1 Floor Area Measurement RelationshipsFIG. A1.2 Building Core and Service Area Using Recommended Area Classification MethodE 18363Facility interior grossarea= Building exterior gross area Exterior wallsFacility rentable area = Facility interior gross are

33、a Major verticalpenetrations, interior parking, and void areasFacility usable area = Facility rentable area Building core and ser-vice area and primary circulationFacility assignable area = Facility usable area Secondary circulationA1.3 TerminologyA1.3.1 building projectiona convector, baseboard hea

34、tingunit, radiator, or other building element located inside abuilding adjacent to a wall that prevents the use of that spacefor furniture, equipment, circulation, or other functions.A1.3.2 excluded areafully enclosed spaces with adequateclear headroom that, for some reason, are not intended for ora

35、re not suitable for occupancy by people or equipment, but notspaces that are temporarily unusable due to flood, fire damage,construction, or renovation activity.A1.3.2.1 DiscussionExamples of excluded areas are un-finished attic spaces, attic spaces without unobstructed access,damp or flooded baseme

36、nts, and confined spaces requiringpermits for entry.A1.3.3 finished surfacea wall, ceiling, or floor surface,including glass, as prepared for tenant or occupant use,excluding the thickness of any special surfacing materials suchas panelling, furring strips, and carpet.A1.3.4 interstitial areathe are

37、a of load bearing surfaces,located above or below occupied building floors, that are notavailable for general occupancy due to inadequate clear head-room but may contain building mechanical or electrical sys-tems predominantly serving adjacent floors or provide accessto such systems.A1.4 Floor Area

38、Measurement GuidelinesA1.4.1 The following guidelines apply to all space catego-ries:A1.4.1.1 MeasurementsAll measurements shall be madealong the plane of the floor to the points where floors and wallsintersect.A1.4.1.2 Clear HeadroomFloor area that does not havesufficient clear, unobstructed headro

39、om to conform to localbuilding codes or that has headroom less than that required foroccupancy (typically 2.0 to 2.3 m (6.5 to 7.5 ft) shall not beincluded in any floor area measurement.A1.4.1.2.1 DiscussionFloor area under objects such aspipes, ductwork, and equipment that are physically attached t

40、othe building and that obstruct the zone between the floor andthe height above the floor for required headroom is consideredobstructed. Where an area with sufficient clear headroom canonly be accessed through an obstructed area, then the area withclear headroom is also considered obstructed area.A1.

41、4.1.3 Floor AreaThis standard includes only areasthat are totally enclosed within the building. Climate condi-tions and construction practices will dictate the degree ofweather tightness typical for exterior walls in a local area.Basements, enclosed porches, penthouses, mechanical equip-ment rooms,

42、lobbies, mezzanines, corridors, interior parking,and enclosed loading docks are included. Spaces outside theexterior walls or without a roof covering are not included in thefloor area measurement. Interstitial areas and excluded areasare not included in floor area measurement.A1.4.1.4 Void AreasThe

43、floor areas of rooms more thanone story in height and having void areas on upper floors, suchas atria, light wells, or lobbies, are included in the areameasurement. Major vertical penetrations are not consideredvoid areas.A1.4.1.5 Exterior Bridges and TunnelsTotally enclosed,constructed areas connec

44、ting two or more buildings. Exteriorbridges and tunnels shall be assigned to one building orapportioned between buildings.FIG. A1.3 Building Core and Service Area Using Alternate Classification MethodE 18364A1.4.1.6 Tenant Support AreaThe floor area of a tenantused to support operations of the tenan

45、t and not available foruse by any other tenant nor the building. Examples includetenant photocopier rooms, computer rooms, mailrooms, etc.A1.4.1.7 Reporting ExceptionsIf an organization choosesto exclude building columns and projections from the calcula-tion of facility usable or facility assignable

46、 areas, this practiceshould be noted when reporting area measurement. If thealternate method of calculating building core and service areaas shown in Fig. A1.3 is used, this should also be noted.A1.5 Building Exterior Gross AreaA1.5.1 Building exterior gross area is the sum of the floorareas on all

47、levels of a building that are totally enclosed withinthe building (see Fig. A1.4). Measure building exterior grossarea to the outside face of exterior walls, disregarding cano-pies, cornices, pilasters, buttresses, balconies that extend be-yond the wall face, and courtyards that are enclosed by wall

48、sbut have no roof. The building gross area of basement spaceincludes the area measured to the outside face of basement orfoundation walls.A1.5.2 If the property line lies within a building wall that iscommon with an adjoining building, measure the buildingexterior gross area to the property line. If

49、 the property line doesnot lie within a building wall but the wall is structurallycommon with an adjoining building, measure building exteriorgross area to the center of the structural portion of the commonwall.A1.5.3 Exterior bridges and tunnels that are totally en-closed, constructed areas connecting two or more buildings areincluded in building exterior gross area.A1.6 Facility Interior Gross AreaA1.6.1 Facility interior gross area is building exterior grossarea less the thickness of exterior walls.A1.7 Exterior WallsA1.7.1 Exterior walls are measure